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RIMS1
Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RIMS1'' gene. Function RAB3A (MIM 179490), a member of the Ras superfamily of genes, is a synaptic vesicle protein that regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis. MUNC13 (UNC13; MIM 605836) and its isoforms are required for priming synaptic vesicles for exocytosis. The RIM family of active zone proteins likely function as protein scaffolds that help regulate vesicle exocytosis during short-term plasticity. upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"/> Clinical significance Mutations of the gene cause cone-rod dystrophy 7. Interactions RIMS1 has been shown to interact with: * ERC2, * RAB3A, *UNC13A, * UNC13B, and * YWHAH 14-3-3 protein eta also referred to as 14-3-3η is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''YWHAH'' gene. Function This gene product belongs to the 14-3-3 family of proteins that are normally intracellular in nature and help to mediate si .... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Active Zone
The active zone or synaptic active zone is a term first used by Couteaux and Pecot-Dechavassinein in 1970 to define the site of neurotransmitter release. Two neurons make near contact through structures called synapses allowing them to communicate with each other. As shown in the adjacent diagram, a synapse consists of the presynaptic bouton of one neuron which stores vesicles containing neurotransmitter (uppermost in the picture), and a second, postsynaptic neuron which bears receptors for the neurotransmitter (at the bottom), together with a gap between the two called the synaptic cleft (with synaptic adhesion molecules, SAMs, holding the two together). When an action potential reaches the presynaptic bouton, the contents of the vesicles are released into the synaptic cleft and the released neurotransmitter travels across the cleft to the postsynaptic neuron (the lower structure in the picture) and activates the receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. The active zone is the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ERC2 (gene)
ERC protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ERC2'' gene. Interactions ERC2 (gene) has been shown to interact with PPFIA4, RIMS1, UNC13A, and liprin-alpha-1 Liprin-alpha-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PPFIA1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase-interacting protein (liprin) family. Liprins interact with members of LA .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAB3A
Ras-related protein Rab-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RAB3A'' gene. It is involved in calcium-triggered exocytosis in neurons. Interactions RAB3A has been shown to interact with: * RIMS1, *UNC13A, * RPH3A Rabphilin-3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RPH3A'' gene. It contains two C2 domains and binds calcium ions at low micromolar concentration. Rabphilin was shown to regulate neurotransmitter release in hippocampal neurons after neu ..., and * CHM. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Gene-19-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNC13A
Unc-13 homolog A (''C. elegans'') is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UNC13A gene. Function This gene encodes a member of the UNC13 family. UNC13A plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. It is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-dependent refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool. In ''Drosophila melanogaster'', the protein has been shown to define the vesicle release site by regulating the coupling distance between synaptic vesicles and calcium channels in cooperation with another isoform, UNC13B. It is particularly important in most glutamatergic-mediated synapses as well as GABA-mediated synapses. It plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes and in secretory granule priming in insulin secretion. Protein structure Several conserved domains have been found in UNC13A. These conserved do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNC13B
Protein unc-13 homolog B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UNC13B'' gene. Function This gene is expressed in the kidney cortical epithelial cells and is upregulated by hyperglycemia. The encoded protein shares a high level of similarity to the rat homolog, and contains 3 C2 domains and a diacylglycerol-binding C1 domain. Hyperglycemia increases the levels of diacylglycerol, which has been shown to induce apoptosis in cells transfected with this gene and thus contribute to the renal cell complications of hyperglycemia. Studies in other species also indicate a role for this protein in the priming step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Interactions UNC13B has been shown to interact with: * DOC2A, * RIMS1, * SPTBN2, * STX1A, and * STX1B Syntaxin-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''STX1B'' gene. Interactions STX1B has been shown to interact with UNC13B Protein unc-13 homolog B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''UNC13B'' gene. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ras Superfamily
The Ras superfamily, derived from "Rat sarcoma virus", is a protein superfamily of small GTPases. Members of the superfamily are divided into families and subfamilies based on their structure, sequence and function. The five main families are Ras, Rho, Ran, Rab and Arf GTPases. The Ras family itself is further divided into 6 subfamilies: Ras, Ral, Rap, Rheb, Rad and Rit. ''Miro'' is a recent contributor to the superfamily. Each subfamily shares the common core G domain, which provides essential GTPase and nucleotide exchange activity. The surrounding sequence helps determine the functional specificity of the small GTPase, for example the 'Insert Loop', common to the Rho subfamily, specifically contributes to binding to effector proteins such as WASP. In general, the Ras family is responsible for cell proliferation: Rho for cell morphology, Ran for nuclear transport, and Rab and Arf for vesicle transport. Subfamilies and members The following is a list of human proteins belongi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
