RAPD
RAPD may refer to: *Relative afferent pupillary defect *Random amplification of polymorphic DNA Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), pronounced "rapid", is a type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), but the segments of DNA that are amplified are random. The scientist performing RAPD creates several arbitrary, short primers (10- 1 ...

Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), also known as a Marcus Gunn pupil, is a medical sign observed during the swinging-flashlight test whereupon the patient's pupils dilate when a bright light is swung from the unaffected eye to the affected eye. The affected eye still senses the light and produces pupillary sphincter constriction to some degree, albeit reduced. Depending on severity, different symptoms may appear during the swinging flash light test: Mild RAPD will presents as a weak pupil constriction initially, after which dilation continues to happen. When RAPD is moderate, pupil size will remain, after which it dilates When RAPD is severe, the pupil will dilate quickly Cause The most common cause of Marcus Gunn pupil is a lesion of the optic nerve (between the retina and the optic chiasm) due to glaucoma, or severe retinal disease, or due to multiple sclerosis. It is named after Scottish ophthalmologist Robert Marcus Gunn. A second common cause of Marcus Gunn pup ...
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