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Quaranjavirus
''Quaranjavirus'' is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of seven genera in the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae''. The genome is single-stranded, negative-sense segmented RNA, generally with six segments. The genus contains two species: '' Johnston Atoll virus'' and '' Quaranfil virus''; it has been proposed to contain species or strains including Cygnet River virus, Lake Chad virus, Tyulek virus and Wellfleet Bay virus. Quaranjaviruses predominantly infect arthropods and birds; , ''Quaranfil quaranjavirus'' is the only member of the genus to have been shown to infect humans. The ''Quaranfil'' and ''Johnston Atoll'' viruses are transmitted between vertebrates by ticks, resembling members of ''Thogotovirus'', another genus of ''Orthomyxoviridae''. History '' Quaranfil virus'' was first isolated from humans in Egypt in 1953. '' Johnston Atoll virus'' and Lake Chad virus were first isolated from birds in 1964 and 1969, respectively. In 1989, based on the appearance of the virus p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaranjavirus Genomes
''Quaranjavirus'' is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of seven genera in the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae''. The genome is single-stranded, negative-sense segmented RNA, generally with six segments. The genus contains two species: '' Johnston Atoll virus'' and '' Quaranfil virus''; it has been proposed to contain species or strains including Cygnet River virus, Lake Chad virus, Tyulek virus and Wellfleet Bay virus. Quaranjaviruses predominantly infect arthropods and birds; , ''Quaranfil quaranjavirus'' is the only member of the genus to have been shown to infect humans. The ''Quaranfil'' and ''Johnston Atoll'' viruses are transmitted between vertebrates by ticks, resembling members of ''Thogotovirus'', another genus of ''Orthomyxoviridae''. History '' Quaranfil virus'' was first isolated from humans in Egypt in 1953. '' Johnston Atoll virus'' and Lake Chad virus were first isolated from birds in 1964 and 1969, respectively. In 1989, based on the appearance of the virus p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthomyxoviridae
''Orthomyxoviridae'' (from Greek language, Greek ὀρθός, ''orthós'' 'straight' + μύξα, ''mýxa'' 'mucus') is a family of negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus, negative-sense RNA viruses. It includes seven genus, genera: ''Influenza A virus, Alphainfluenzavirus'', ''Influenza B virus, Betainfluenzavirus'', ''Influenza C virus, Gammainfluenzavirus'', ''Influenza D virus, Deltainfluenzavirus'', ''Isavirus'', ''Thogotovirus'', and ''Quaranjavirus''. The first four genera contain viruses that cause influenza in birds (see also avian influenza) and mammals, including humans. Isaviruses infect salmon; the thogotoviruses are arboviruses, infecting vertebrates and invertebrates (such as ticks and mosquitoes). The Quaranjaviruses are also arboviruses, infecting vertebrates (birds) and invertebrates (arthropods). The four genera of Influenza virus that infect vertebrates, which are identified by antigenic differences in their nucleoprotein and matrix protein, are as follows: * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thogotovirus
''Thogotovirus'' is a genus of enveloped RNA viruses, one of seven genera in the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae''. Their single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome has six or seven segments. Thogotoviruses are distinguished from most other orthomyxoviruses by being arboviruses – viruses that are transmitted by arthropods, in this case usually ticks. Thogotoviruses can replicate in both tick cells and vertebrate cells; one subtype has also been isolated from mosquitoes. A consequence of being transmitted by blood-sucking vectors is that the virus must spread systemically in the vertebrate host – unlike influenza viruses, which are transmitted by respiratory droplets and are usually confined to the respiratory system. The genus contains the species '' Thogoto thogotovirus'' and ''Dhori virus'' (DHOV), and the latter's subtype Batken virus, as well as the species or strains Araguari virus, Aransas Bay virus (ABV), Bourbon virus, Jos virus (JOSV) and Upolu virus (UPOV), whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaranfil Virus
''Quaranfil quaranjavirus'' is the type virus of the ''Quaranjavirus'' genus in the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae.'' It has a negative sense, single-stranded RNA genome composed of 6 segments. Its hosts are ticks, birds, and humans. It was isolated from ticks near Cairo, Egypt in 1953. The virus can infect humans, as confirmed by serological Serology is the scientific study of serum and other body fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given mi ... study of human serum samples in Egypt in the 1960s that showed that 8% of the local population had neutralizing antibodies to the virus. The virus has not yet been connected to a human disease. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18972175 Orthomyxoviridae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quaranfil Quaranjavirus
''Quaranfil quaranjavirus'' is the type virus of the ''Quaranjavirus'' genus in the virus family ''Orthomyxoviridae.'' It has a negative sense, single-stranded RNA genome composed of 6 segments. Its hosts are ticks, birds, and humans. It was isolated from ticks near Cairo, Egypt in 1953. The virus can infect humans, as confirmed by serological Serology is the scientific study of serum and other body fluids. In practice, the term usually refers to the diagnostic identification of antibodies in the serum. Such antibodies are typically formed in response to an infection (against a given mi ... study of human serum samples in Egypt in the 1960s that showed that 8% of the local population had neutralizing antibodies to the virus. The virus has not yet been connected to a human disease. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q18972175 Orthomyxoviridae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viral Envelope
A viral envelope is the outermost layer of many types of viruses. It protects the genetic material in their life cycle when traveling between host cells. Not all viruses have envelopes. Numerous human pathogenic viruses in circulation are encased in lipid bilayers, and they infect their target cells by causing the viral envelope and cell membrane to fuse. Although there are effective vaccines against some of these viruses, there is no preventative or curative medicine for the majority of them. In most cases, the known vaccines operate by inducing antibodies that prevent the pathogen from entering cells. This happens in the case of enveloped viruses when the antibodies bind to the viral envelope proteins. The membrane fusion event that triggers viral entrance is caused by the viral fusion protein. Many enveloped viruses only have one protein visible on the surface of the particle, which is required for both mediating adhesion to the cell surface and for the subsequent membrane fusi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arenavirus
An arenavirus is a bisegmented ambisense RNA virus that is a member of the family ''Arenaviridae''. These viruses infect rodents and occasionally humans. A class of novel, highly divergent arenaviruses, properly known as reptarenaviruses, have also been discovered which infect snakes to produce inclusion body disease. At least eight arenaviruses are known to cause human disease. The diseases derived from arenaviruses range in severity. Aseptic meningitis, a severe human disease that causes inflammation covering the brain and spinal cord, can arise from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Hemorrhagic fever syndromes, including Lassa fever, are derived from infections such as Guanarito virus, Junin virus, Lassa virus, Lujo virus, Machupo virus, Sabia virus, or Whitewater Arroyo virus. Because of the epidemiological association with rodents, some arenaviruses and bunyaviruses are designated as roboviruses. Structure Viewed in cross-section, arenaviruses contain grainy parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ribosome
Ribosomes ( ) are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis (mRNA translation). Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by the codons of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules to form polypeptide chains. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small and large ribosomal subunits. Each subunit consists of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and many ribosomal proteins (RPs or r-proteins). The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the ''translational apparatus''. Overview The sequence of DNA that encodes the sequence of the amino acids in a protein is transcribed into a messenger RNA chain. Ribosomes bind to messenger RNAs and use their sequences for determining the correct sequence of amino acids to generate a given protein. Amino acids are selected and carried to the ribosome by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which enter the ribosome and bind to the messenger RNA chain via an anti-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rothamsted Research
Rothamsted Research, previously known as the Rothamsted Experimental Station and then the Institute of Arable Crops Research, is one of the oldest agricultural research institutions in the world, having been founded in 1843. It is located at Harpenden in the English county of Hertfordshire and is a registered charity under English law. One of the station's best known and longest-running experiments is the Park Grass Experiment, a biological study that started in 1856 and has been continuously monitored ever since. History The Rothamsted Experimental Station was founded in 1843 by John Bennet Lawes, a noted Victorian era entrepreneur and scientist who had founded one of the first artificial fertilizer manufacturing factories in 1842, on his 16th-century estate, Rothamsted Manor, to investigate the impact of inorganic and organic fertilizers on crop yield. Lawes had Henry King conduct studies on the application of bone dust to turnip fields between 1836 and 1838. In 1840 he h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swiss Institute Of Bioinformatics
The SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics is an academic not-for-profit foundation which federates bioinformatics activities throughout Switzerland. The institute was established on 30 March 1998 and its mission is to provide core bioinformatics resources to the national and international life science research community in fields such as genomics, proteomics and systems biology as well as to lead and coordinate the field of bioinformatics in Switzerland. In particular, it promotes research, develops databanks and computer technologies, and is involved in teaching and service activities. History The institute was originally created to provide a framework for stable long-term funding for both the Swiss-Prot database and the Swiss EMBnet node. Swiss-Prot in particular went through a major funding crisis in 1996, which led the leaders of the five research groups active in bioinformatics in Geneva and Lausanne, Ron Appel, Amos Bairoch, Philipp Bucher, Victor Jongeneel a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ViralZone
ViralZone is a Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics web-resource for all viral genus and families, providing general molecular and epidemiological information, along with virion A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses infect all life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea. Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1 ... and genome figures. References External links * Biological databases Virology {{Biodatabase-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanometre
330px, Different lengths as in respect to the molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er, American spelling) is a units of measurement, unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre () and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as , and as metres. History The nanometre was formerly known as the millimicrometre – or, more commonly, the millimicron for short – since it is of a micron (micrometre), and was often denoted by the symbol mμ or (more rarely and confusingly, since it logically should refer to a ''millionth'' of a micron) as μμ. Etymology The name combines the SI prefix ''nano-'' (from the Ancient Greek , ', "dwarf") with the parent unit name ''metre'' (from Greek , ', "unit of measurement"). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
