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Quantum Foundations
Quantum foundations is a discipline of science that seeks to understand the most counter-intuitive aspects of quantum theory, reformulate it and even propose new generalizations thereof. Contrary to other physical theories, such as general relativity, the defining axioms of quantum theory are quite ad hoc, with no obvious physical intuition. While they lead to the right experimental predictions, they do not come with a mental picture of the world where they fit. There exist different approaches to resolve this conceptual gap: * First, one can put quantum physics in contraposition with classical physics: by identifying scenarios, such as Bell experiments, where quantum theory radically deviates from classical predictions, one hopes to gain physical insights on the structure of quantum physics. * Second, one can attempt to find a re-derivation of the quantum formalism in terms of operational axioms. * Third, one can search for a full correspondence between the mathematical element ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discipline (academia)
Discipline refers to rule following behavior, to regulate, order, control and authority. It may also refer to punishment. Discipline is used to create habits, routines, and automatic mechanisms such as blind obedience. It may be inflicted on others or on oneself. Self discipline refers to the practice of self restraint, controlling one's emotions, and ignoring impulses. History Disciplinarians have been involved in many societies throughout history. The Victorian era resulted in the popular use of disciplinarian governance over children. Edward VIII had a disciplinarian father, and the English had modeled the royal families during this era. Edward's grandmother was Queen Victoria who had championed the role of the family unit during her reign. Disciplinarians will enforce a stricter set of rules that are aimed at developing children according to theories of order and discipline. Disciplinarians have also been linked to child abuse in numerous cases and biographies. Self-disci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PBR Theorem
The PBR theorem is a no-go theorem in quantum foundations due to Matthew Pusey, Jonathan Barrett, and Terry Rudolph (for whom the theorem is named) in 2012. It has particular significance for how one may interpret the nature of the quantum state. With respect to certain realist hidden variable theories that attempt to explain the predictions of quantum mechanics, the theorem rules that pure quantum states must be "ontic" in the sense that they correspond directly to states of reality, rather than "epistemic" in the sense that they represent probabilistic or incomplete states of knowledge about reality. The PBR theorem may also be compared with other no-go theorems like Bell's theorem and the Bell–Kochen–Specker theorem, which, respectively, rule out the possibility of explaining the predictions of quantum mechanics with local hidden variable theories and noncontextual hidden variable theories. Similarly, the PBR theorem could be said to rule out ''preparation independent'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZX-calculus
The ZX-calculus is a rigorous graphical language for reasoning about linear maps between qubits, which are represented as string diagrams called ''ZX-diagrams''. A ZX-diagram consists of a set of generators called ''spiders'' that represent specific tensors. These are connected together to form a tensor network similar to Penrose graphical notation. Due to the symmetries of the spiders and the properties of the underlying category, topologically deforming a ZX-diagram (i.e. moving the generators without changing their connections) does not affect the linear map it represents. In addition to the equalities between ZX-diagrams that are generated by topological deformations, the calculus also has a set of graphical rewrite rules for transforming diagrams into one another. The ZX-calculus is ''universal'' in the sense that any linear map between qubits can be represented as a diagram, and different sets of graphical rewrite rules are complete for different families of linear maps. ZX- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bob Coecke
Bob Coecke (born 23 July 1968) is a Belgian theoretical physicist and logician who was professor of Quantum Foundations, Logics and Structures at Oxford University until 2020, when he became Chief Scientist of Cambridge Quantum Computing, and after the merger with Honeywell Quantum Systems, Chief Scientist of Quantinuum. He pioneered categorical quantum mechanics (entry 18M40 in Mathematics Subject Classification 2020), Quantum Picturalism, ZX-calculus, DisCoCat model for natural language, and quantum natural language processing (QNLP). He is a founder of the Quantum Physics and Logic community and conference series, and of the applied category theory community, conference series, and diamond-open-access journal ''Compositionality''. Education and career Coecke obtained his Doctorate in Sciences at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel in 1996, and performed postdoctoral work in the Theoretical Physics Group of Imperial College, London in the Category Theory Group of the Mathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samson Abramsky
Samson Abramsky (born 12 March 1953) is Professor of Computer Science at University College London. He was previously the Christopher Strachey Professor of Computing at the University of Oxford, from 2000 to 2021. He has made contributions to the areas of domain theory, the lazy lambda calculus, strictness analysis, concurrency theory, interaction categories, geometry of interaction, game semantics and quantum computing. More recently, he has been applying methods from categorical semantics to finite model theory, with applications to descriptive complexity. Education Abramsky was educated at Hasmonean Grammar School for Boys, Hendon and at King's College, Cambridge (BA 1975, MA Philosophy 1979, Diploma in Computer Science) and Queen Mary, University of London (PhD Computer Science 1988, supervised by Richard Bornat). Career and research Since 2021, Abramsky is Professor of Computer Science at University College London. He has been a Fellow of the Royal Society s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quantum Tomography
Quantum tomography or quantum state tomography is the process by which a quantum state is reconstructed using measurements on an ensemble of identical quantum states. The source of these states may be any device or system which prepares quantum states either consistently into quantum pure states or otherwise into general mixed states. To be able to uniquely identify the state, the measurements must be tomographically complete. That is, the measured operators must form an operator basis on the Hilbert space of the system, providing all the information about the state. Such a set of observations is sometimes called a quorum. In quantum process tomography on the other hand, known quantum states are used to probe a quantum process to find out how the process can be described. Similarly, quantum measurement tomography works to find out what measurement is being performed. Whereas, randomized benchmarking scalably obtains a figure of merit of the overlap between the error prone ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Physical Journal D
{{Infobox Journal , title = European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics , cover = Epjd webcover.jpg , editor = A. Beige, S. Ptasinska and A.V. Solov'yov , discipline = Atomic Physics , language = English , abbreviation = Eur. Phys. J. D , publisher = Springer Science+Business Media, EDP Sciences, Società Italiana di Fisica , frequency = Monthly , history = 1998–present , openaccess = , impact = 1.425 , impact-year = 2020 , website = https://epjd.epj.org/ , link1 = , link1-name = , link2 = , link2-name = , RSS = , atom = , JSTOR = , OCLC = , LCCN = , CODEN = , ISSN = 1434-6060 , eISSN = 1434-6079 The ''European Physical Journal D: Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics'' is an academic journal recognized by the European Physical Society, presenting new and original research results. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phys
Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, with its main goal being to understand how the universe behaves. "Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Časlav Brukner
Časlav Brukner (born July 9, 1967 in Novi Sad, Serbia, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian-Austrian quantum physicist and university professor. Biography Brukner had studied physics at the University of Belgrade from 1987 - 1991 and subsequently completed a degree in physics at the University of Vienna in 1995. He then worked as a research assistant at the Institute for Experimental Physics at the University of Innsbruck. In 1999 he received his doctorate in quantum physics at the Vienna University of Technology. In 2003, he completed his habilitation in the field of quantum physics at the University of Vienna, where he was an associate professor until 2014. He has had several research experiences abroad: in 2004 at Imperial College in London, and from 2005 to 2008 as professor at the Tsinghua University in Beijing. Since 2008 he has been guest professor at the University of Belgrade. Between July 2013 and June 2019 he has been Director of the Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucien Hardy
Lucien Hardy (born 1966) is a theoretical physicist, known for his work on the foundation of quantum physics including Hardy's paradox, a thought experiment he devised in 1992, and his widely cited 2001 axiomatic reconstruction of quantum theory that led to a surge of papers in this area. Work In the course of his career he has performed research and lecturing in various universities in Europe. In 1992, he became lecturer in mathematical physics at Maynooth College, The National University of Ireland, subsequently he was a Royal Society postdoctoral fellow at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, lecturer in Mathematical Sciences Department at the University of Durham, UK, and a postdoctoral fellow at La Sapienza University in Rome, Italy. Starting in 1997, he was a Royal Society university research fellow for five years at the University of Oxford. , Hardy is affiliated with the University of Waterloo and is among the faculty of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs. The society is one of the four parts of the Joint Policy Board for Mathematics and a member of the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. History The AMS was founded in 1888 as the New York Mathematical Society, the brainchild of Thomas Fiske, who was impressed by the London Mathematical Society on a visit to England. John Howard Van Amringe was the first president and Fiske became secretary. The society soon decided to publish a journal, but ran into some resistance, due to concerns about competing with the American Journal of Mathematics. The result was the '' Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society'', with Fiske as editor-in-chief. The de facto journal, as intended, was influential i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
