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Qiu Jin
Qiu Jin (; 8 November 1875 – 15 July 1907) was a Chinese revolutionary, feminist, and writer. Her courtesy names are Xuanqing () and Jingxiong (). Her sobriquet name is Jianhu Nüxia (). Qiu was executed after a failed uprising against the Qing dynasty and is considered a national heroine in China and a martyr of republicanism and feminism. Biography Born in Fujian, China, Qiu Jin spent her childhood in her ancestral home, Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Qiu was born into a wealthy family. Her grandfather worked in the Xiamen city government and was responsible for the city's defense. Zhejiang province was famous for female education, and Qiu Jin had support from her family when she was young to pursue her educational interests. Her father, Qiu Shounan, was a government official and her mother came from a distinguished literati-official family. Qiu Jin's wealthy and educated background, along with her early exposure to political ideologies were key factors in her transformation to b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qiū (surname)
Qiū or "Chiu" is the Hanyu Pinyin and Wade-Giles (widely used in Taiwan) transliteration, respectively, of the Chinese family names 丘/邱 (these two are genealogically linked), and 秋. They may be transliterated in various forms, as: * Qiū ( Mandarin, in Pinyin) *Chiu or Hew (in Taiwanese) and (Hakka, in Wade-Giles) * Kho or Khoe (in Teochew, Taiwanese Hokkien and Hokkien) *Khew or Khiu ( Fuzhounese) * Hiu or Kew (in Mandarin) * Yau (Cantonese, in Cantonese Pinyin) * Khau (in English) 丘/邱 also appear in Korea, where they may be transliterated as: * 구 (Korean in Hangul) * Gu, Ku, Koo (Korean in Revised Romanization). The surname also appears in the Philippines from immigrants from the South of China. It was anglicized as: * Cu or Kuh (in Tagalog) 丘/邱 ranks 151st in the ''Hundred Family Surnames'', and is very common in Luoyang, Henan or Wuxing, Zhejiang. 秋 is common with Taiwanese aboriginals, but is otherwise rare, ranking 237th. 邱 is a very rare su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scholar-official
The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class. Scholar-officials were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. After the Sui dynasty these officials mostly came from the scholar-gentry (紳士 ''shēnshì'') who had earned academic degrees (such as ''xiucai'', ''juren'', or ''jinshi'') by passing the imperial examinations. Scholar-officials were the elite class of imperial China. They were highly educated, especially in literature and the arts, including calligraphy and Confucian texts. They dominated the government administration and local life of China until the early 20th century. Origins and formations Origins of ''Shi'' (士) and ''Da fu'' (大夫) as a concept an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cai Yuanpei
Cai Yuanpei (; 1868–1940) was a Chinese philosopher and politician who was an influential figure in the history of Chinese modern education. He made contributions to education reform with his own education ideology. He was the president of Peking University, and founder of the Academia Sinica. He was known for his critical evaluation of Chinese culture and synthesis of Chinese and Western thinking, including anarchism. He got involved in the New Culture, May Fourth Movements, and the feminist movement. His works involve aesthetic education, politics, education reform, etc. Biography Born in Shānyīn County, Shaoxing prefecture, Zhejiang, Cai was appointed to the Hanlin Imperial Academy at 26. In 1898, he became involved in administering institutes and became: * Superintendent of Shaoxing Chinese-Western School (紹興中西學堂監督) * Head of Sheng District Shanshan College (嵊縣剡山書院院長) * Director-Teacher of the Special Class (特班總敎習) of Nanyang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Qing Sentiment
Anti-Qing sentiment () refers to a sentiment principally held in China against the rule of the Manchu people, Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1636–1912), which was criticized by opponents as being "barbaric". The Qing was accused of destroying traditional Han Chinese, Han culture by enforcing policies such as forcing Han to wear their hair in a Queue (hairstyle), queue in the Manchu style. It was blamed for suppressing Chinese science, Qing conquest theory, causing China to be transformed from the world's premiere power to a poor, backwards nation. The people of the Eight Banners lived off Social welfare in China, government pensions unlike the general Han civilian population. The rallying slogan of anti-Qing activists was "Fǎn Qīng fù Míng" (simplified Chinese: 反清复明; traditional Chinese: 反清復明; literally: "Oppose Qing and restore Ming dynasty, Ming"), related to the Boxer Rebellion slogan "Revive the Qing and destroy the foreigners" ("扶清滅洋 fú Qīng miè yá ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martial Arts
Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; combat sport, competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preservation of a nation's intangible cultural heritage. Etymology According to Paul Bowman, the term ''martial arts'' was popularized by mainstream popular culture during the 1960s to 1970s, notably by Hong Kong martial arts films (most famously those of Bruce Lee) during the so-called "chopsocky" wave of the early 1970s. According to John Clements, the term '':wikt:martial art, martial arts'' itself is derived from an older Latin (language), Latin term meaning "arts of Mars (mythology), Mars", the Roman mythology, Roman god of war, and was used to refer to the combat systems of Europe (European martial arts) as early as the 1550s. The term martial science, or martial sciences, was commonly used to refer to the fighting arts of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jissen Women's University
is a Japanese private women's college with its headquarters in 4-1-1 Ōsakaue, Hino, Tokyo, Japan. The school was founded by poet and educator Utako Shimoda in 1899. It was chartered as a university in 1949. Its University abbreviations are and . Overview University as a whole Jissen Women's University views the private women's university "Shimoda School" (later renamed "Tōyō School"), opened by Utako Shimoda in 1882 (Meiji's 15th Year), as its origin. This developed and became Jissen Girls' School in 1899 (Meiji's 32nd Year). In the early days of the school opening, it was located in modern-day Kudan, Chiyoda City, Tokyo, but relocated to Tokiwamatsu in Shibuya in 1901 (Meiji's 34th Year). With the educational system reform, it transitioned to a university under the new system and became Jissen Women's University in 1949 (Shōwa's 24th Year). In 1986 (Shōwa's 61st Year), it completely relocated from Shibuya to Hino, but Shibuya Campus was opened in 2014 (Heisei's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shimoda Utako
was a Japanese educator and poet of the Meiji and Taishō period. Born in present-day Ena, Gifu, she was the founder many educational organizations, including what is today Jissen Women's University. She had international influence, and was one of the most influential women in Asia. Biography Utako Shimoda was born into a samurai family as Seki Hirao, in Iwakara, in Gifu Prefecture. For the first 6–7 years of her life she was an only child, and studied the Confucian classics; she is said to have read all the Chinese and Japanese books her parents had. Her father and grandfather were Confucian scholars. In the run up to the Meiji Restoration, the Hirao family were firmly on the side of the Emperor, and when the Shogunate fell, Utako's father was given a prominent position in Tokyo, where the family moved in 1870, when Utako Shimoda was about 16. She worked as lady-in-waiting to Empress Shōken from 1871-1879. Seki was well-educated and recognised as an excellent poet, so m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kōjimachi
is a district in Chiyoda, Tokyo. History Prior to the arrival of Tokugawa Ieyasu, the area was known as . The area developed as townspeople settled along the Kōshū Kaidō. In 1878, the Kōjimachi area became , a ward of the city of Tokyo. In 1934 and 1938, the addressing system along the Koshu-Kaido was reorganized, creating the 6 chomes subdivision for Kōjimachi that are still used. In 1947, the Kōjimachi ward was merged with the Kanda ward to form the modern special ward Chiyoda, and the 6 chomes became the Kōjimachi district. The area centered upon Kōjimachi including the districts of the Banchō area, Kioichō, Hirakawachō and Hayabusachō is sometimes referred as the Kōjimachi area (麹町地区), not to be mistaken with Kōjimachi ward (麹町区). This place is also known for Hideki Tojo's birthplace, general of the Imperial Japanese Army. Landmarks and headquarters *Embassy of Portugal *Embassy of Ireland *Embassy of Belgium * Japan Sun Oil Company, ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surugadai
is a district of Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It was named after Tokugawa Ieyasu's death, when the Edo government allowed officials from Sunpu (now Shizuoka) to live in the area. Kanda-Surugadai is often called or, colloquially, . The main building and campus of Meiji University is in the district. The headquarters of the Japanese Trade Union Confederation (Rengo) is located in Kanda-Surugadai. File:Ochanomizu hijiribashi01.jpg, hijiribashi File:Meiji University (Liberty Tower).jpg, Meiji University (Liberty Tower) File:Sohyo_Kaikan_(headquarters_of_the_Japanese_Trade_Union_Confederation).jpg, Rengo HQ in Kanda-Surugadai Companies based in Surugadai Nippon Paper Industries, the pulp and paper manufacturing company has its headquarters in the district. Education operates public elementary and junior high schools. Ochanomizu Elementary School (お茶の水小学校) is the zoned elementary school for Kanda-Surugadai 1-2-chōme The Japanese addressing system is used to ident ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north toward the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, and Taiwan in the south. Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire, and spans Japanese archipelago, an archipelago of List of islands of Japan, 6852 islands covering ; the five main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu (the "mainland"), Shikoku, Kyushu, and Okinawa Island, Okinawa. Tokyo is the Capital of Japan, nation's capital and largest city, followed by Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Kobe, and Kyoto. Japan is the List of countries and dependencies by population, eleventh most populous country in the world, as well as one of the List of countries and dependencies by population density, most densely populated and Urbanization by country, urbanized. About three-fourths of Geography of Japan, the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokyo
Tokyo (; ja, 東京, , ), officially the Tokyo Metropolis ( ja, 東京都, label=none, ), is the capital and largest city of Japan. Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area () is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents ; the city proper has a population of 13.99 million people. Located at the head of Tokyo Bay, the prefecture forms part of the Kantō region on the central coast of Honshu, Japan's largest island. Tokyo serves as Japan's economic center and is the seat of both the Japanese government and the Emperor of Japan. Originally a fishing village named Edo, the city became politically prominent in 1603, when it became the seat of the Tokugawa shogunate. By the mid-18th century, Edo was one of the most populous cities in the world with a population of over one million people. Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the imperial capital in Kyoto was moved to Edo, which was renamed "Tokyo" (). Tokyo was devastate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese noblewoman, concubine and later regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908. Selected as a concubine of the Xianfeng Emperor in her adolescence, she gave birth to a son, Tongzhi Emperor, Zaichun, in 1856. After the Xianfeng Emperor's death in 1861, the young boy became the Tongzhi Emperor, and she assumed the role of empress dowager, co-empress dowager, alongside the Emperor's widow, Empress Dowager Ci'an. Cixi ousted a group of regents appointed by the late emperor and assumed the regency along with Ci'an, who later mysteriously died. Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor at the death of her son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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