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Pur Et Dur
Pur et dur (a common expression in French literally meaning "pure and hard") is a term used in Quebec politics to refer to hardliners of the Parti Québécois and the Quebec independence movement. It is most commonly used in the media, where it was popularized. It is also used to criticize some members of the Parti Québécois. Some within the party resent the use of the term by the media, but some have embraced it. It is similar to the term " SNP fundamentalist", used in Scottish politics for a faction of the Scottish National Party, another pro-independence party. Many of the first "purs et durs" came from the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale who, through entryism, joined the Parti Québécois in the early days of the 1960s. They are associated with strong opinions about independence (including the need to attain it quickly, the question of an eventual supranational union, or " sovereignty-association", and the question of the " étapisme" approach) and language pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance languages, Romance language of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French (Francien) largely supplanted. French was also substratum, influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the (Germanic languages, Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Franks, Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's French colonial empire, past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole language, Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrick Bourgeois
Les B.B. (pronounced leh beh beh) was a Canadian band from the province of Quebec. It had great success in the 1980s and the early 1990s. It is made up of Patrick Bourgeois (vocals, guitar, bass), Alain Lapointe (keyboards, guitar, bass and backing vocals) and François Jean (drums). Bourgeois, the main songwriter for the band's releases, died in November 2017. Bourgeois's son, Ludovick Bourgeois, is a pop singer who was the winner of the fifth season of ''La Voix ''La Voix'' is a francophone Canadian reality talent show as part of the international television series franchise ''The Voice'', based on the original Dutch version of the program created by John de Mol. The series is part of ''The Voice' ...''.Claude Côté"Ludovick Bourgeois: A Team Player" '' Words & Music'', February 19, 2020. Discography Albums *1988: ''Les B.B.'' (200,000 copies sold) *1991: ''Snob'' (300,000 copies sold) *1994: ''3'' *2004: ''Bonheur facile'' *2011: ''Univers'' ;Live albums *1993: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayatollah
Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیتالله, āyatollāh) is an honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from Arabic word pre-modified with the definite article and post-modified with the word '' Allah'', making ( ar, آية الله). The combination has been translated to English as 'Sign of God', 'Divine Sign' or 'Reflection of God'. It is a frequently-used term in Quran, but its usage in this context is presumably a particular reference to the verse "We shall show them Our signs on the horizons and in their own selves", while it has been also used to refer to The Twelve Imams by Shias. Variants used are ( ar, آية الله في الأنعام, lit=Sign of God among mankind), ( ar, آية الله في العالمَین, lit=Sign of God in the two worlds, dual form) or ( ar, في العالمین, lit=in the worlds, plural form) and ( ar, آية ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Lévesque
René Lévesque (; August 24, 1922 – November 1, 1987) was a Québécois politician and journalist who served as the 23rd premier of Quebec from 1976 to 1985. He was the first Québécois political leader since Confederation to attempt, through a referendum, to negotiate the political independence of Quebec. Starting his career as a reporter, and radio and television host, he later became known for his eminent role in Quebec's nationalization of hydro, and as an ardent defender of Quebec sovereignty. He was the founder of the Parti Québécois, and before that, a Liberal minister in the Lesage government from 1960 to 1966. Early life Lévesque was born in the Hôtel Dieu Hospital in Campbellton, New Brunswick, on August 24, 1922. He was raised in New Carlisle, Quebec, on the Gaspé Peninsula, by his parents, Diane (née Dionne) and Dominic Lévesque, a lawyer. He had three siblings, André, Fernand and Alice. His father died when Lévesque was 14 years old. Journ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilles Grégoire
Gilles Grégoire (May 6, 1926 – November 22, 2006) was a co-founder of the Parti Québécois. Born in Quebec City, Quebec, the son of Joseph-Ernest Grégoire, he was elected in 1962 to the House of Commons of Canada with the Ralliement des créditistes. He left that party in 1966 and was elected president of the Ralliement national, a pro-sovereignty party on August 21, 1966. In October 1968 the Ralliement national merged with René Lévesque's Mouvement Souveraineté-Association to form the Parti Québécois. He was elected as a member of the National Assembly of Quebec in the riding of Frontenac in the 1976 general election and was re-elected in the 1981 general election. In 1983, he was sentenced to two years minus a day in jail due to his sexual abuse of several minor girls, which resulted in him becoming an independent for the rest of his term. He died in Quebec City at 80. See also *Politics of Quebec *List of Quebec general elections *List of Quebec leaders of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guy Bertrand (lawyer)
Guy Bertrand is a lawyer operating in Quebec City. He is a founding member of the Parti Québécois and ran in the PQ leadership election of 1985. He had been a Quebec sovereigntist of the pur et dur stream for most of his public life, before shifting to the opposite Quebec federalist ideology during the 1990s. He converted back to sovereigntism during the 2000s. He is also the author of ''Enough is enough!'' (translation of the French ''Plaidoyer pour les citoyens'' 'Representing citizens'), where he criticizes the destructive and dishonest tactics of the Quebec separatist movement, but indicates continued support for their ideals. He defended Léon Mugesera, well publicized anti-Tutsi speaker of the 1994 Rwandan genocide, and faced accusations from the Barreau du Québec for remarks he made during the Mugasera trial. He accused the Canadian government and the Supreme Court of Canada of giving in to pressure from Jewish organizations, which he claimed wanted Mugasera deport ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Falardeau
Pierre Falardeau (December 28, 1946 – September 25, 2009) was a Québécois film and documentary director, pamphleteer and noted activist for Quebec independence. Falardeau wrote at least one book, ''Rien n'est plus précieux que la liberté et l'indépendance''. He died on September 25, 2009, following a long battle with cancer. He was entombed at the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery in Montreal. Political views With regard to minorities, Falardeau stated he did not care whether someone was white, black, yellow or green with orange polka dots; those who supported independence he considered brothers and sisters, and those who did not were "the enemy". Falardeau created some controversy during his career. For example, in 2006, a photograph surfaced of him at an August 2006 Montreal pro-Palestinian rally about the Israel-Lebanon conflict. The picture shows Falardeau with some young men and his friend and filmmaking partner Julien Poulin holding a Hezbollah flag. When asked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Claude St-André
Jean-Claude St-André (born September 27, 1962) is a Quebec provincial politician and was the Member of the National Assembly of Quebec representing L'Assomption for the Parti Québécois. He earned his Bachelor of Arts in social sciences from the Université de Montréal in 1984 and subsequently studied business administration at the Université du Québec à Montréal. After working for several years in business he became involved in politics joining the staff of the MNA for Anjou in 1992 and then serving in the office of the Premier of Quebec, Jacques Parizeau from 1994 to 1996. As a youth he had campaigned for the "Yes" side in the 1980 Quebec referendum on sovereignty-association and was also active with the PQ on the Anjou riding executive and as a campaign manager throughout the 1980s and 1990s. On June 10, 1996, he was elected MNA for L'Assomption in a by-election and was re-elected in the 1998 and 2003 provincial elections. Since May 2003 he has been spokesman of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robin Philpot
Robin Philpot (born 1948) is a Quebec journalist and 2007 electoral candidate for the Parti Québécois. Background Originally from Thunder Bay, Ontario, where his father Roderick Philpot was an alderman of the city of Fort William, Philpot is a graduate of Fort William Collegiate Institute and earned degrees in literature and history from the University of Toronto. After working in Africa, he established himself in Quebec in 1974. In 1999, he became director of communications for the Saint-Jean-Baptiste Society in Montreal. He founded publishing company Baraka Books in 2009 with the support of Denis Vaugeois and Gilles Herman. Political views Philpot has called into question the testimony of Roméo Dallaire on the Rwandan genocide; his brother is the Montreal lawyer John Philpot, who represented Jean-Paul Akayesu and other defendants accused of genocide and crimes against humanity at the trials conducted by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. He is also known fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yves Michaud (politician)
Yves Michaud (born February 13, 1930 in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada) is a prominent Quebec public figure, a sovereigntist and ''pur et dur'' supporter of the Parti Québécois. Background In 1959, Michaud received a Canada Council grant to study journalism in France at the Université de Strasbourg. He then began a career as a journalist for the ''Clairon'' in Saint-Hyacinthe. He was later chief editor of '' La Patrie'' and also had a chronicle for the magazine '' 7 jours''. Member of the legislature He joined the ranks of the Liberal Party of Quebec and was elected in the Gouin riding in the 1966 provincial election, which the Liberals lost. He became friends with fellow Liberals René Lévesque and Robert Bourassa, who would both later become Premiers of Quebec. In 1969, Michaud left the Liberal Party and sat as an Independent to protest against the passage of ''Bill 63'', a controversial language legislation. He ran for re-election as a Liberal candidate in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Josée Legault
Josée Legault (born 1966) is a Canadian journalist. She has been a political columnist for the English-language Montreal newspaper '' The Gazette'', as well as for ''Le Devoir'', ''L'actualité'', and currently '' Le Journal de Montréal''. Biography Legault earned a degree in history and political science and subsequently taught at the Université du Québec à Montréal (UQÀM). Before the 1995 Quebec referendum, she published a report on the Charter of the French Language (Bill 101). From 1995 to 1998, she was a columnist for ''Le Devoir''. For the Quebec general election of 1998, she defied the party establishment and ran unsuccessfully for the PQ nomination in the Mercier riding for the Parti Québécois (PQ). Between 2001 and 2002, she was political counsellor for PQ Premier of Quebec Bernard Landry. The cessation of her employment at this post caused a minor controversy in sovereigntist ranks. The rumours were that she had conflicts with members of the Landry team, n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Denis Lazure
Denis Lazure (October 12, 1925 – February 23, 2008) was a Canadian psychiatrist and politician. Lazure was a Member of the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA) from 1976 to 1984 and from 1989 to 1996. He is the father of actress Gabrielle Lazure. Background Lazure was born on October 12, 1925 in Napierville, Quebec. Lazure attended Université de Montréal and was a doctorate in medicine. He also attended the University of Pennsylvania in psychiatry as well as the University of Toronto in which he was bachelor in hospital administration. Lazure was the founder of the infant psychiatry department of Saint-Justine Hospital in 1957. He was also the director of this hospital as well as those of Riviere-des-Prairies and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine all in the Montreal region. He would later be the director in 1974 of the first psychiatric hospital in Haiti. He was also a teacher at Université de Montréal and was the President of the Canadian Association of Psychiatrists. Fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
