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Pteroxygonum Denticulatum
''Pteroxygonum'' is a plant genus in the family Polygonaceae. , two species are recognized. Their native range is from Tibet to southeast China. Description Species of ''Pteroxygonum'' are twining vines growing from a large woody globe-shaped tuber. Their leaves are broad and palmate, with a dark red mark around each primary leaf vein. The inflorescence is in the form of an axillary raceme. The flowers are bisexual, with five spirally arranged tepals, eight stamens joined at the base, and three styles, also joined up to about the middle. Nectar is produced from tissue at the base of the staments. Their fruits are in the form of winged, three-angled achenes. Taxonomy The genus ''Pteroxygonum'' was erected in 1905 by Carl Dammer and F. Ludwig Diels for the species ''Pteroxygonum giraldii''. They separated ''Pteroxygonum'' from ''Polygonum'' on the basis of the "very notably different structure of the fruit". Until 2015, the genus was considered to contain only this species. A 2015 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteroxygonum Giraldii
''Pteroxygonum giraldii'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae, endemic to the China, Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Shanxi, and Sichuan. It is found at altitudes of . It grows to more than in height, with leaf blades triangular or triangular-ovate in shape, by . References * "Reappraisal of the generic status of ''Pteroxygonum'' (Polygonaceae) on the basis of morphology, anatomy and nrDNA ITS sequence analysis", Wei SUN et al., ''Journal of Systematics and Evolution'' 46 (1): 73–79 (2008)eFloras description Polygonoideae Taxa named by Carl Lebrecht Udo Dammer Taxa named by Ludwig Diels {{Polygonaceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stigma (botany)
The stigma () is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. Description The stigma, together with the style and ovary (typically called the stigma-style-ovary system) comprises the pistil, which is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma itself forms the distal portion of the style, or stylodia, and is composed of , the cells of which are receptive to pollen. These may be restricted to the apex of the style or, especially in wind pollinated species, cover a wide surface. The stigma receives pollen and it is on the stigma that the pollen grain germinates. Often sticky, the stigma is adapted in various ways to catch and trap pollen with various hairs, flaps, or sculpturings. The pollen may be captured from the air (wind-borne pollen, anemophily), from visiting insects or other animals ( biotic pollination), or in rare cases from surrounding water (hydrophily). Stigma can vary from long and sle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonaceae Genera
The Polygonaceae are a family of flowering plants known informally as the knotweed family or smartweed—buckwheat family in the United States. The name is based on the genus ''Polygonum'', and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, ''Genera Plantarum''.Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. 1789. ''Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam''. page 82. Herrisant and Barrois: Paris, France. (see ''External links'' below) The name may refer to the many swollen nodes the stems of some species have, being derived from Greek, ''poly'' meaning 'many' and ''gony'' meaning 'knee' or 'joint'. Alternatively, it may have a different derivation, meaning 'many seeds'. The Polygonaceae comprise about 1200 speciesDavid J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. distributed into about 48 genera. The largest genera are ''Eriogonum'' (240 species), '' Rumex' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanja Schuster
Tanja Magdalena Schuster is a taxonomist from Kaindorf, Austria and the first Pauline Ladiges Plant Systematics Fellow, holding a joint position with the School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and the National Herbarium of Victoria, Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne. Schuster also worked as curator of the Norton-Brown Herbarium at the University of Maryland, College Park. In 2011, Schuster created the genus ''Duma (plant), Duma'' for some species previously placed in ''Muehlenbeckia'', but which were shown by Molecular phylogenetics, molecular phylogenetic studies to form a distinct clade. The name is derived from the Latin for "thorn-bush." Selected works * * * * * Taxa authored by Schuster Schuster is listed in the International Plant Names Index as the author or co-author of 62 names, including: * ''Duma (plant), Duma'' T.M.Schust. *''Koenigia alaskana'' T.M.Schust. & Reveal (syn. ''Polygonum alpinum'') *''Koenigia alpina'' T.M.Schust. & Jame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pteroxygonum Denticulatum
''Pteroxygonum'' is a plant genus in the family Polygonaceae. , two species are recognized. Their native range is from Tibet to southeast China. Description Species of ''Pteroxygonum'' are twining vines growing from a large woody globe-shaped tuber. Their leaves are broad and palmate, with a dark red mark around each primary leaf vein. The inflorescence is in the form of an axillary raceme. The flowers are bisexual, with five spirally arranged tepals, eight stamens joined at the base, and three styles, also joined up to about the middle. Nectar is produced from tissue at the base of the staments. Their fruits are in the form of winged, three-angled achenes. Taxonomy The genus ''Pteroxygonum'' was erected in 1905 by Carl Dammer and F. Ludwig Diels for the species ''Pteroxygonum giraldii''. They separated ''Pteroxygonum'' from ''Polygonum'' on the basis of the "very notably different structure of the fruit". Until 2015, the genus was considered to contain only this species. A 2015 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plants Of The World Online
Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants by 2020". The initial focus was on tropical African Floras, particularly Flora Zambesiaca, Flora of West Tropical Africa and Flora of Tropical East Africa. The database uses the same taxonomical source as Kew's World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, which is the International Plant Names Index, and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP). POWO contains 1,234,000 global plant names and 367,600 images. See also *Australian Plant Name Index *Convention on Biological Diversity *World Flora Online *Tropicos Tropicos is an online botanical database containing taxonomic information on plants, mainly from the Neotropical realm (Central, and South America). It is maintained by the Missouri Botanical Garden and was established over 25 y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fallopia
''Fallopia'' is a genus of about 12 species of flowering plants in the buckwheat family, often included in a wider treatment of the related genus ''Polygonum'' in the past, and previously including ''Reynoutria''. The genus is native to temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, but species have been introduced elsewhere. The genus includes species forming vines and shrubs. Description Species of ''Fallopia'' grow as vines, lianas, shrubs or subshrubs. Unlike species of the related genus ''Duma'', they do not have thorn-like tips to their branches. Nectaries are present outside the flowers (extrafloral). Plants usually have bisexual flowers. More rarely they may be dioecious, each plant only having flowers with either functional stamens or a functional pistil. The flowers are arranged in a raceme. The tepals of the flowers are dry and paper-like when mature. The flowers have short styles with partially fused stigmas forming a "head". The fruits are achenes wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonoideae
Polygonoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Polygonaceae. It includes a number of plants that can be highly invasive, such as Japanese knotweed, ''Reynoutria japonica'', and its hybrid with '' R. sachalinensis'', ''R.'' × ''bohemica''. Boundaries between the genera placed in the subfamily and their relationships have long been problematic, but a series of molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified some of them, resulting in the division of the subfamily into seven tribes. Taxonomy Phylogeny A 2015 molecular phylogenetic study suggested that the genera and tribes in Polygonoideae were related as shown in the following cladogram. ''Rumex'' included ''Emex'', and ''Fallopia'' was not monophyletic, with some species placed outside the main group in the tribe Polygoneae, and some others grouping with '' Pteroxygonum'', placed in the tribe Pteroxygoneae. Genera Some of the boundaries between the genera are not settled ; in particular, ''Fallopia'' is at least paraphyle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical frame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achene
An achene (; ), also sometimes called akene and occasionally achenium or achenocarp, is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate (formed from one carpel) and indehiscent (they do not open at maturity). Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it. In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat. Examples The fruits of buttercup, buckwheat, caraway, quinoa, amaranth, and cannabis are typical achenes. The achenes of the strawberry are sometimes mistaken for seeds. The strawberry is an accessory fruit with an aggregate of achenes on its outer surface, and what is eaten is accessory tissue. A rose produces an aggregate of achene fruits that are encompassed within an expanded hypanthium (aka f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nectar
Nectar is a sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries or nectarines, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection. Common nectar-consuming pollinators include mosquitoes, hoverflies, wasps, bees, butterflies and moths, hummingbirds, honeyeaters and bats. Nectar plays a crucial role in the foraging economics and evolution of nectar-eating species; for example, nectar foraging behavior is largely responsible for the divergent evolution of the African honey bee, ''A. m. scutellata'' and the western honey bee. Nectar is an economically important substance as it is the sugar source for honey. It is also useful in agriculture and horticulture because the adult stages of some predatory insects feed on nectar. For example, a number of parasitoid wasps (e.g. the social wasp species ''Apoica flavissima'') rely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stamen
The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filament and an anther which contains ''sporangium, microsporangia''. Most commonly anthers are two-lobed and are attached to the filament either at the base or in the middle area of the anther. The sterile tissue between the lobes is called the connective, an extension of the filament containing conducting strands. It can be seen as an extension on the dorsal side of the anther. A pollen grain develops from a microspore in the microsporangium and contains the male gametophyte. The stamens in a flower are collectively called the androecium. The androecium can consist of as few as one-half stamen (i.e. a single locule) as in ''Canna (plant), Canna'' species or as many as 3,482 stamens which have been counted in the saguaro (''Carnegiea gigantea'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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