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Pseudexostoma
''Pseudexostoma'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween (Nujiang River) and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy ( Dayinjiang River) in China. ''P. brachysoma'' is known only from the middle and lower Nujiang River. ''P. yunnanensis'' is only known from the upper Dayinjiang. These rivers were once connected, but are now separated. Also, the environment and temperature of the Nujiang River became greatly different between the northern and southern areas, leading to speciation. Taxonomy ''Glyptosternum yunnanesis'' was first described in 1935. However, due to its unique teeth, a separate genus ''Pseudexostoma'' was erected in 1979 for this species. The same year, a subspecies of ''P. yunnanensis'' was described, ''P. y. brachysoma''. However, it has become apparent that these two groups represent different species. Also, a third species, ''P. longipterus'', was described in 2007.Zhou, W., Yang, Y., Li, X. & Li, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudexostoma Yunnanensis
''Pseudexostoma'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween (Nujiang River) and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy ( Dayinjiang River) in China. ''P. brachysoma'' is known only from the middle and lower Nujiang River. ''P. yunnanensis'' is only known from the upper Dayinjiang. These rivers were once connected, but are now separated. Also, the environment and temperature of the Nujiang River became greatly different between the northern and southern areas, leading to speciation. Taxonomy ''Glyptosternum yunnanesis'' was first described in 1935. However, due to its unique teeth, a separate genus ''Pseudexostoma'' was erected in 1979 for this species. The same year, a subspecies of ''P. yunnanensis'' was described, ''P. y. brachysoma''. However, it has become apparent that these two groups represent different species. Also, a third species, ''P. longipterus'', was described in 2007.Zhou, W., Yang, Y., Li, X. & Li, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudexostoma Brachysoma
''Pseudexostoma'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween (Nujiang River) and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy ( Dayinjiang River) in China. ''P. brachysoma'' is known only from the middle and lower Nujiang River. ''P. yunnanensis'' is only known from the upper Dayinjiang. These rivers were once connected, but are now separated. Also, the environment and temperature of the Nujiang River became greatly different between the northern and southern areas, leading to speciation. Taxonomy ''Glyptosternum yunnanesis'' was first described in 1935. However, due to its unique teeth, a separate genus ''Pseudexostoma'' was erected in 1979 for this species. The same year, a subspecies of ''P. yunnanensis'' was described, ''P. y. brachysoma''. However, it has become apparent that these two groups represent different species. Also, a third species, ''P. longipterus'', was described in 2007.Zhou, W., Yang, Y., Li, X. & Li, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sisoridae
Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species. Taxonomy The family Sisoridae is recognized as a natural, monophyletic group based on morphological and molecular evidence. It is divided into two subfamilies, Sisorinae and Glyptosterninae (glyptosternoids). The Sisorinae contain the five genera ''Bagarius'', ''Gagata'', '' Gogangra'', '' Nangra'', and ''Sisor''. The Glyptosterninae contain three tribes. Glyptothoracini contains only the genus ''Glyptothorax'' and Pseudecheneidina contains only the genus ''Pseudecheneis''. The remaining genera, '' Chimarrichthys'', '' Exostoma'', '' Glaridoglanis'', ''Glyptosternon'', ''Myersglanis'', '' Oreoglanis'', '' Parachiloglanis'', '' Pareuchiloglanis'', and '' Pseudexostoma'', are contained in the tribe Glyptosternina. The monophyly of the entire family and the tribe Glyptosterninae a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chu Xin-Luo
Chu or CHU may refer to: Chinese history * Chu (state) (c. 1030 BC–223 BC), a state during the Zhou dynasty * Western Chu (206 BC–202 BC), a state founded and ruled by Xiang Yu * Chu Kingdom (Han dynasty) (201 BC–70 AD), a kingdom of the Han dynasty * Chu (403–404), a state founded by Huan Xuan during the Jin dynasty * Chu (Ten Kingdoms) (907–951), a kingdom during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period * Da Chu (1127), a puppet state installed by the Jurchen Jin dynasty during the Jin–Song wars People Surnames * Chu (Chinese surname) * Zhu (surname) or Chu * Chu (Korean name) * Joo (Korean name) or Chu Places * Hubei or Chu, a province of China * Hunan or Chu, a province of China * Chũ, a town and district capital in Bac Giang Province, Vietnam Rivers * Chu River (Tributary of Wei River), a river of Ningxiang County, Hunan Province, China * Chu River (Anhui), a river in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, in China * Chu (river), a river in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. Their principal function is to help the fish swim. Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping. Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling. Fins can also be used for other purposes; male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm, thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey, reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom, anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod to lur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Jaw
Most bony fishes have two sets of jaws made mainly of bone. The primary oral jaws open and close the mouth, and a second set of pharyngeal jaws are positioned at the back of the throat. The oral jaws are used to capture and manipulate prey by biting and crushing. The pharyngeal jaws, so-called because they are positioned within the pharynx, are used to further process the food and move it from the mouth to the stomach. Cartilaginous fishes, such as sharks and rays, have one set of oral jaws made mainly of cartilage. They do not have pharyngeal jaws. Generally jaws are articulated and oppose vertically, comprising an upper jaw and a lower jaw and can bear numerous ordered teeth. Cartilaginous fishes grow multiple sets ''(polyphyodont)'' and replace teeth as they wear by moving new teeth laterally from the medial jaw surface in a conveyor-belt fashion. Teeth are replaced multiple times also in most bony fishes, but unlike cartilaginous fishes, the new tooth erupts only after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectoral Fin
Fins are distinctive anatomical features composed of bony spines or rays protruding from the body of a fish. They are covered with skin and joined together either in a webbed fashion, as seen in most bony fish, or similar to a flipper, as seen in sharks. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the spine and are supported only by muscles. Their principal function is to help the fish swim. Fins located in different places on the fish serve different purposes such as moving forward, turning, keeping an upright position or stopping. Most fish use fins when swimming, flying fish use pectoral fins for gliding, and frogfish use them for crawling. Fins can also be used for other purposes; male sharks and mosquitofish use a modified fin to deliver sperm, thresher sharks use their caudal fin to stun prey, reef stonefish have spines in their dorsal fins that inject venom, anglerfish use the first spine of their dorsal fin like a fishing rod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilla (fish Mouth Structure)
The papilla, in certain kinds of fish, particularly rays, sharks, and catfish, are small lumps of dermal tissue found in the mouth, where they are "distributed uniformly on the tongue, palate, and pharynx".B. G. Kapoor, H. E. Evans, E. A. Pevzner "The gustatory system in fish" in ''Advances in Marine Biology, Volume 13'' (1976), F. S. Russell, Maurice Yonge (eds). They "project slightly above the surrounding multi-layered epithelium", and the taste buds of the fish are "situated along the crest or at the apex of the papillae". Unlike humans, fish have little or nothing in the way of a tongue The tongue is a muscular organ (anatomy), organ in the mouth of a typical tetrapod. It manipulates food for mastication and swallowing as part of the digestive system, digestive process, and is the primary organ of taste. The tongue's upper surfa ..., and those that have such an organ do not use it for tasting, but merely for cushioning the mouth and manipulating things within it. The papill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tubercle
In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal. In plants A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection, but it has slightly different meaning depending on which family of plants or animals it is used to refer to. In the case of certain orchids and cacti, it denotes a round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on the lip. They are also known as podaria (singular ''podarium''). When referring to some members of the pea family, it is used to refer to the wart-like excrescences that are found on the roots. In fungi In mycology, a tubercle is used to refer to a mass of hyphae from which a mushroom is made. In animals When it is used in relation to certain dorid nudibranchs such as '' Peltodoris nobilis'', it means the nodules on the dorsum of the animal. The tubercles in nudibranchs can present themselves in different ways: e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skin Fold
Skin folds or skinfolds are areas of skin that are naturally folded. Many skin folds are distinct, heritable anatomical features, and may be used for identification of animal species, while others are non-specific and may be produced either by individual development of an organism or by arbitrary application of force to skin, either by the actions of the muscles of the body or by external force, e.g., gravity. Anatomical folds can also be found in other structures and tissues besides the skin, such as the ileocecal fold beneath the terminal ileum of the cecum. Skin folds are of interest for cosmetology, as some kinds may be considered aesthetically undesirable, and for medicine, because some of them are susceptible to inflammation and infection. Skin creases, skin folds and lines The skin creases of the human body are features of great anatomical, morphological, and surgical interest and important for the maintenance of the contour of each anatomic area. In the literature, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist. The microscopic structure of a gill presents a large surface area to the external environment. Branchia (pl. branchiae) is the zoologists' name for gills (from Ancient Greek ). With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. The blood carries oxygen to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. Semiterrestrial marine animals such as crabs and mudskippers have gill cham ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbel (anatomy)
In fish anatomy and turtle anatomy, a barbel is a slender, whiskerlike sensory organ near the mouth. Fish that have barbels include the catfish, the carp, the goatfish, the hagfish, the sturgeon, the zebrafish, the black dragonfish and some species of shark such as the sawshark. Barbels house the taste buds of such fish and are used to search for food in murky water. The word "barbel" comes from the Middle Latin ''barbula'', for "little beard." Barbels are sometimes erroneously referred to as '' barbs'', which are found in bird feathers for flight. Barbels may be located in a variety of locations on the head of a fish. "Maxillary barbels" refers to barbels on either side of the mouth. Barbels may also be nasal, extending from the nostrils. Also, barbels are often mandibular or mental, being located on the chin. In fish, barbels can take the form of small, fleshy protrusions or long, cylindrical shaped extensions of the head of a fish. The cylindrical barbel shapes are bui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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