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Progressive Youth Organization
Progressive Youth Organization ( fa, سازمانی جوانانی مترقی, ''Sazman-e Javanan-e Mutarraqi'') was an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist organization in Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere .... The organization emerged from the New Democratic Current (''Jerian-e Demokratik-e Navin''), a leftist movement that had been established by Abdulrahim Mahmudi, Abdulhadi Mahmudi, Akram Yari and Seddiq Yari. The New Democratic Current founded the PYO in October 1965. PYO never made its existence or name known to the public. The group brought out the publication '' Shalleh-ye Javid'' ('Eternal Flame'), and its followers were generally known as ''sholayes''. PYO was dissolved in 1972.http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_9674-544-2-30.pdf References Extern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-revisionism
Anti-revisionism is a position within Marxism–Leninism which emerged in the 1950s in opposition to the Khrushchev Thaw, reforms of Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. Where Khrushchev pursued an interpretation that differed from his predecessor Joseph Stalin, the anti-revisionists within the international communist movement remained dedicated to Stalin's ideological legacy and criticized the Soviet Union under Khrushchev and his successors as state capitalist and social imperialist. The term Stalinism is also used to describe these positions, but it is often not used by its supporters who opine that Stalin simply synthesized and practiced orthodox Marxism and Leninism. Because different political trends trace the historical roots of revisionism (Marxism), revisionism to different eras and leaders, there is significant disagreement today as to what constitutes anti-revisionism. As a result, modern groups which describe themselves as anti-revisionist fall into several categories ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marxism–Leninism
Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology which was the main communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, its satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various countries in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War, as well as the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam (all one-party 'socialist republics'), as well as many other communist parties, while the state ideology of North Korea is derived from Marxism–Leninism. Marxist–Leninist states are commonly referred to as "communist states" by Western academics. Marxism–Leninism holds that a two-stage communist revolution is needed to replace capitalism. A vanguard party, organized through " democratic centralism", would seize power on behalf of the proletariat and establish a one-party socialist state, called the dict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordered by Pakistan to the Durand Line, east and south, Iran to the Afghanistan–Iran border, west, Turkmenistan to the Afghanistan–Turkmenistan border, northwest, Uzbekistan to the Afghanistan–Uzbekistan border, north, Tajikistan to the Afghanistan–Tajikistan border, northeast, and China to the Afghanistan–China border, northeast and east. Occupying of land, the country is predominantly mountainous with plains Afghan Turkestan, in the north and Sistan Basin, the southwest, which are separated by the Hindu Kush mountain range. , Demographics of Afghanistan, its population is 40.2 million (officially estimated to be 32.9 million), composed mostly of ethnic Pashtuns, Tajiks, Hazaras, and Uzbeks. Kabul is the country's largest city and ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdulrahim Mahmudi
ʻAbd al-Raḥīm (ALA-LC romanization of ar, عبد الرحيم) is a male Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ''ʻabd'', ''al-Raḥīm'', one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the merciful". Because the letter ''r'' is a sun letter, the letter ''l'' of the ''al-'' is assimilated to it. Thus, although the name is written in Arabic with letters corresponding to ''Abd al-Rahim'', the standard pronunciation corresponds to ''Abd ar-Rahim''. Alternative transliterations include ''Abdel Raheem'', ''Abdur Raheem'', ''Abdul Rahiem'' and other regional linguistic variations, and subject to variant spacing or hyphenation. It may refer to: Given name *Abd al-Rahim ibn al-Husain al-'Iraqi (1325–1403), Shafi'i scholar of hadith *Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana (1556–1627), Indian poet *Abdur Rahim (judge) (1867–1952), Indian judge and politician *Abdurrahim bey Hagverdiyev (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdulhadi Mahmudi
ʻAbd al-Hādī (ALA-LC romanization of ar, عبد الهادي) is a Muslim male given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words '' ʻabd'' and ''al-Hādī'', one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the Guide". It may refer to: Given name *Sheikh 'Abd al-Hadi Aqhili, one of the names used by Ivan Aguéli (1869-1917), Swedish Sufi painter and author * Abdul Hadi Abdul Hamid (born 1987), Malaysian footballer *Abdul Hadi Arghandiwal (born 1952), Afghan politician *Abdul Hadi Awang (born 1947), Malaysian politician * Abdul Haddi Bin Hadiddi (born 1969), Tunisian held in Guantanamo *Abdul Hadi Dawai (1894-1982), Afghan poet and diplomat *Abd Al Hadi Omar Mahmoud Faraj (born ca. 1981), Syrian held in Guantanamo *Abdel Hadi Al Gazzar (1925–1966), Egyptian painter *Abdelhadi Habassa (born 1976), Moroccan runner * Abdulhadi Al Hariri (born 1982), Syrian footballer *Abdul Hadi al Iraqi (born ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akram Yari
Akram Yari ( prs, اکرم یاری) was a Maoist political organizer in Afghanistan. He was the leader and founder of the Progressive Youth Organization (PYO), a Marxist–Leninist organization which was formed on October 6, 1965. Early years Akram Yari was born on 1940 in Jaghori, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan. He belonged to Hazara ethnic group. He received his early education in his hometown. Later he moved to Kabul where he received higher education. He was a teacher at Khushal Khan High School and later at Mehmood Tarzi High School. Political activism Akram Yari was the founder and leader of Progressive Youth Organization (PYO), a Maoist organization, founded on October 6, 1965. PYO published a magazine called '' Shola-e-Jawid'' (Eternal Flame) which was circulated among students and youth. Akram Yari opposed the monarchy of King Zahir Shah, the Islamic fundamentalists, and the pro-Soviet People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). PYO adhered to Marxism–Len ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shola-e Javid
Shola-e Javid ( prs, شعلهٔ جاوید, lit=Eternal flame) was an anti-revisionist Marxist–Leninist communist party founded around 1964 in the Kingdom of Afghanistan. Its strategy was Maoist and populist, gaining support from university students, professionals, the majority Pashtuns and the Shia Hazaras.Arnold, Anthony. ''Afghanistan's Two-Party Communism: Parcham and Khalq''. 1st ed. Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1983. It grew significantly in popularity throughout the late 1960s and into the 1970s, possibly eclipsing that of the Parcham and Khalq factions of the pro-Soviet People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) up until the factions' reconciliation in 1977. The Shola-e Javid party was made illegal in 1969 after criticizing King Zahir Shah. See also * Akram Yari * Faiz Ahmad Faiz Ahmad (1946 – 12 November 1986) ( fa, فیض احمد) was an Afghan revolutionary and the founding leader of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO), a Marxist–Leni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Youth Organizations Established In 1965
Youth is the time of life when one is young. The word, youth, can also mean the time between childhood and adulthood ( maturity), but it can also refer to one's peak, in terms of health or the period of life known as being a young adult. Youth is also defined as "the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of one, who is young". Its definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is not defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as taking unpaid work, or having sexual relations. Youth is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives. Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions, while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which they still rely on their family emotionally and economically. Terminology and definitions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organizations Disestablished In 1972
An organization or organisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is an entity—such as a company, an institution, or an association—comprising one or more people and having a particular purpose. The word is derived from the Greek word ''organon'', which means tool or instrument, musical instrument, and organ. Types There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, political organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and educational institutions, etc. A hybrid organization is a body that operates in both the public sector and the private sector simultaneously, fulfilling public duties and developing commercial market activities. A voluntary association is an organization consisting of volunteers. Such organizations may be able to operate without legal formalities, depending on jurisdiction, incl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1965 Establishments In Afghanistan
Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in for a full term as President of the United States. ** Indonesian President Sukarno announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the United Nations. * January 30 – The state funeral of Sir Winston Churchill takes place in London with the largest assembly of dignitaries in the world until the 2005 funeral of Pope John Paul II. * February 4 – Trofim Lysenko is removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the Academy of Sciences in the Soviet Union. Lysenkoist theories are now treated as pseudoscience. * February 12 ** The African and Malagasy Common Organization ('; OCAM) is formed as successor to the Afro-Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation ('; UAMCE), formerly the African and Malagasy Union ('; UAM). * Feb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 Disestablishments In Afghanistan
Year 197 ( CXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magius and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 950 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 197 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * February 19 – Battle of Lugdunum: Emperor Septimius Severus defeats the self-proclaimed emperor Clodius Albinus at Lugdunum (modern Lyon). Albinus commits suicide; legionaries sack the town. * Septimius Severus returns to Rome and has about 30 of Albinus's supporters in the Senate executed. After his victory he declares himself the adopted son of the late Marcus Aurelius. * Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark on an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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