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Prenylflavonoids
Prenylated flavonoids or prenylflavonoids are a sub-class of flavonoids. They are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Some are known to have phytoestrogenic or antioxidant properties. They are given in the list of adaptogens in herbalism. Chemically they have a prenyl group attached to their flavonoid backbone. It is usually assumed that the addition of hydrophobic prenyl groups facilitate attachment to cell membranes. Prenylation may increase the potential activity of its original flavonoid. Monoprenyl isoflavone epoxidase is a key enzyme in fungal ''Botrytis cinerea'' metabolism of prenylated flavonoids. Many prenylflavonoids appear to have anticancer activity in vitro. Prenylchalcones, prenylflavones, prenylflavonols and prenylflavanones are classes of prenylflavonoids. Examples 6-Prenylnaringenin, 6-geranylnaringenin, 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol can be found in hops and beer. Of the prenylflavonoids, 8-prenylnaringenin is the most potent phyto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannflavin
Cannflavins are a group of chemical compounds found in ''Cannabis sativa''. Chemically, they are prenylflavonoids and are unrelated to THC and other cannabinoids. Cannflavins A and B were first identified in the 1980s and cannflavin C was identified in 2008. Because cannflavins A and B are inhibitors of prostaglandin E2 production ''in vitro'', the cannflavins have been studied for their potential use as anti-inflammatory agents. Biosynthesis Cannflavins A and B are biosynthesized by prenylation of chrysoeriol Chrysoeriol is a flavone, chemically the 3'-methoxy derivative of luteolin. Related compounds Diosmetin is one of three possible regioisomer In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compo .... References {{reflist Prenylflavonoids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoxanthohumol
Isoxanthohumol is a prenylflavonoid, and it is a phytoestrogen. It is abbreviated as IX or IXN. 8-Prenylnaringenin can be produced from isoxanthohumol by flora in the human intestine, and by fungi in cell cultures. This prenylflavonoid is found in hops and beer. It has limited estrogenic activity. At the concentration found in beer, it is unlikely to have an estrogenic effect in breast tissue. Derivatives of isoxanthohumol are: 7,4′-Di-O-methylisoxanthohumol; 7-O-methylisoxanthohumol; 7-O-n-pentylisoxanthohumol; 7,4′-di-O-n-pentyl-8-isoxanthohumol; 7,4′-Di-O-allylisoxanthohumol; 7,4′-Di-O-acetylisoxanthohumol; and 7,4′-Di-O-palmitoylisoxanthohumol. See also * Xanthohumol Xanthohumol is a natural product found in the female inflorescences of '' Humulus lupulus'', also known as hops. This compound is also found in beer and belongs to a class of compounds that contribute to the bitterness and flavor of hops. Xanthoh ..., the corresponding prenylated chalcone Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morus Australis
''Morus australis'', also called Korean mulberry and Chinese mulberry, is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Morus'' found in East and Southeast Asia. The larvae of the freak (''Calinaga buddha'') feed on ''M. australis''. The substance "Australone A", a prenylflavonoid, can be found in ''M. australis''. Not a true mulberry (i.e. "Plants of the World Online" gives ''M. australis'' as a synonym of the accepted taxonomic designation, ''Broussonetia papyrifera'', the paper mulberry), its fruits and leaves are edible, and it is used as feed in raising silkworms. It is widely used for fibre production, for paper and cloth. Both the ''Broussonetia'' and the ''Morus'' genera are within Moraceae The Moraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 38 genera and over 1100 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates; however ... family. References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isoflavone
Isoflavones are substituted derivatives of isoflavone, a type of naturally occurring isoflavonoids, many of which act as phytoestrogens in mammals. Isoflavones are produced almost exclusively by the members of the bean family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae). Although isoflavones and closely related phytoestrogens are sold as dietary supplements, there is little scientific evidence for either the safety of long-term supplementation or of health benefits from these compounds. Some studies have identified potential risks from high intake of isoflavones, such as in women with a history of breast cancer, but this concern has not been substantiated with high-quality clinical research. Organic chemistry and biosynthesis Isoflavone is an isomer of flavone, which is chromone substituted with a phenyl group in the 2-position. In isoflavone, the phenyl group is in the 4-position. Isoflavone is of liminted interest per se, but substituted derivatives are of nutritional interest. Substituted derivativ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millettia Pachycarpa
''Millettia pachycarpa'' (synonym ''M. taiwaniana'' Hayata) is a perennial climbing shrub belonging to the genus ''Millettia''. It is one of the most well known among ~150 species of ''Millettia'', as it is widely used in traditional practices, such as for poisoning fish, agricultural pesticide, blood tonic, and treatments of cancer and infertility. The bark fiber is used for making strong ropes. It is endemic to south-east Asian region including Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. In India it is found only in the eastern region such as Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura and West Bengal. Description ''Millettia pachycarpa'' is a climbing shrub. It has dark brown inflated legumes that are densely covered with rough pale yellow warts. The leguminous pods contain one to five dark brown reniform seeds. The leaves have 13 to 17 papery leaflets and the flowers are lilac-colored. Rach ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cannabis Sativa
''Cannabis sativa'' is an annual herbaceous flowering plant indigenous to Eastern Asia, but now of cosmopolitan distribution due to widespread cultivation. It has been cultivated throughout recorded history, used as a source of industrial fiber, seed oil, food, recreation, religious and spiritual moods and medicine. Each part of the plant is harvested differently, depending on the purpose of its use. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The word ''sativa'' means "things that are cultivated." Plant physiology The flowers of ''Cannabis sativa'' are unisexual and plants are most often either male or female. It is a short-day flowering plant, with staminate (male) plants usually taller and less robust than pistillate (female or male) plants. The flowers of the female plant are arranged in racemes and can produce hundreds of seeds. Male plants shed their pollen and die several weeks prior to seed ripening on the female plants. Under typical conditions with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sophora Flavescens
''Sophora flavescens'', the shrubby sophora, is a species of plant in the genus '' Sophora'' of the family Fabaceae. This genus contains about 52 species, nineteen varieties, and seven forms that are widely distributed in Asia, Oceania, and the Pacific islands. About fifteen of these species have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicines. Growth and cultivation ''Sophora flavescens'' is an evergreen slow growing shrub growing to by . It is hardy to and to US zone 6. The plant prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy) and heavy (clay) soils and requires well-drained soil. The plant prefers acid, neutral and basic (alkaline) soils. It cannot grow in the shade. It requires moist soil. Like many other species in the family Fabaceae, this species can fix nitrogen. Chemistry Chemical compounds isolated from ''S. flavescens'' include: * Matrine and matrine oxide, quinolizidine alkaloids found in the roots * Kushenin, a pterocarpan and isoflavonoid * Sophoraflavano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artocarpus Nobilis
''Artocarpus nobilis'', the Ceylon breadfruit, is a tree species in the family Moraceae. It is endemic to south western regions of Sri Lanka. It is known as "Wal dhel - වල් දෙල්" , "Baedi dhel - බැදි දෙල්" or as "Hingala dhel - හිංගල දෙල්" by local people. The plant is known to infect by '' Rigidoporus microporus'' to cause White root disease. This is the first time that the pathogen was found instead of '' Hevea brasiliensis''. Description Ceylon breadfruit is an evergreen plant with about 25m height. The seeds and fruits are used for medicinal purposes for the worm diseases caused by nematode ''Ascaris lumbricoides''. Chemistry ''Artocarpus nobilis'' contains prenylated flavonoids, xanthonoids in its root bark, geranylated phenolic compounds in its fruits, geranyl chalcones in its leaves and pyranodihydrobenzoxanthones isolated from the bark. References External linksPhotos of ''Artocarpus nobilis'' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epimedium Wushanense
''Epimedium wushanense'' , the Wushan fairy wings, is a flowering plant species in the genus ''Epimedium''. Chemistry ''E. wushanense'' contains a number of flavanoids. 37 compounds were characterized from the underground and aerial parts of the plant. Among them, 28 compounds were prenylflavonoids. The predominant flavonoid, epimedin C, ranged from 1.4 to 5.1% in aerial parts and 1.0 to 2.8% in underground parts. It also contains wushanicaritin and wushankaempferol. Seven flavonoids named diphylloside A, epimedoside A, epimedin C, icariin, epimedoside C, icarisoside A, desmethylanhydroicaritin, as well as oleanolic acid can be isolated from the roots. References External links Epimedium, wushanense Plants described in 1975 {{Ranunculales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
