Porina Duduana
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Porina Duduana
''Porina duduana'' is a species of foliicolous lichen belonging to the family Porinaceae. It was discovered in Yangambi, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the leaves of ''Scaphopetalum thonneri'' and subsequently described as new to science in 2014. It resembles ''Porina rufula'' in appearance but differs in the arrangement of photobiont cells and in having smaller perithecia and smaller ascospore An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or s ...s. References Gyalectales Lichen species Lichens of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Lichens described in 2014 Taxa named by Robert Lücking {{Lecanoromycetes-stub ...
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Robert Lücking
Robert Lücking (born 1964) is a German lichenologist. He is a leading expert on foliicolous lichens–lichens that live on leaves. Life and career Born in Ulm in 1964, Lücking earned both his master's (1990) and PhD degree (1994) at the University of Ulm. Both degrees concerned the taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity of foliicolous lichens. His graduate supervisor was mycologist and bryologist Sieghard Winkler, who had previously studied epiphyllous (upper leaf-dwelling) fungi in El Salvador and Colombia. In 1996 Lücking was awarded the Mason E. Hale award for an "outstanding doctoral thesis presented by a candidate on a lichenological theme". His thesis was titled ''Foliikole Flechten und ihre Mikrohabitatpraferenzen in einem tropischen Regenwald in Costa Rica'' ("Foliicolous lichens and their microhabitat preferences in a tropical rainforest in Costa Rica"). In this work, Lücking recorded 177 foliicolous lichen species from the shrub layer in a Costa Rican tropical forest. L ...
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Foliicolous Lichen
A foliicolous lichenized fungi is a lichen which grows on the surfaces of living leaves of vascular plants, usually inhabiting the upper surface (epiphyllous) but sometimes also the lower surface (hypophyllous). Foliicolous lichens largely occur in tropical environments and of the over 800 foliicolous lichens accepted (as of 2008) over 600 of these are known from the tropics. Unlike most lichens which are common in humid but cool and temperate climates, these tropical lichens are more suited to the higher temperatures and lower light levels present beneath the rainforest canopy, where they are involved in the nutrient cycle and water retention. Chlorophyta are common photosynthetic Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in c ... partner phycobionts of epiphyllous lichens.
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Porinaceae
Trichotheliaceae is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Gyalectales. The family was circumscribed by Friedrich von Schilling and Friedrich August Georg Bitter in 1927. In a recent (2018) molecular phylogenetic analysis, Trichotheliaceae was shown to be part of a monophyletic clade containing the families Coenogoniaceae, Gyalectaceae, Phlyctidaceae, and Sagiolechiaceae. Genera According to a recent (2022) survey of fungal classification, Trichotheliaceae contains eight genera and about 365 species. The following list indicates the genus name, the taxonomic authority, year of publication, and the number of species: *''Clathroporina'' – ca. 25 *'' Flabelloporina'' – 1 sp. *'' Myeloconis'' – 4 spp. *''Porina'' – ca. 145 spp. *''Pseudosagedia'' – 80 spp. *'' Saxiloba'' – 2 spp. *'' Segestria'' – 70 spp. *''Trichothelium ''Trichothelium'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trichotheliaceae. It has an estimated 40 species. The genus wa ...
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Yangambi
Yangambi is a town in Isangi territory of Tshopo province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Location Yangambi is on the north side of the Congo River and lies on the R408 road which connects it to Kisangani 100 kilometers to the east. This road is unpaved, rarely used in the rainy season and difficult to use at all times of the year. The roads linking Yangambi to Weko and Isangi are also very poor. The river provides an alternative transport route. The town was once served by the small Yangambi Airport. Weather Mean annual rainfall is . August is the wettest month and February the driest. The skies tend to be partly cloudy even during the drier seasons. Yangambi Biosphere Reserve 235,000 hectares of forest around Yangambi were declared a Biosphere Reserve in 1976, part of UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB). The Yangambi Biosphere Reserve comprises secondary forests with ''Pycnanthus angolensis'' and '' Fagara macrophylla'', semi deciduous secondary rain forest ...
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Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and by Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola. By area, it is the second-largest country in Africa and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of around 108 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country in the world. The national capital and largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the nation's economic center. Centered on the Cong ...
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Scaphopetalum Thonneri
''Scaphopetalum'' is a genus previously classified under the plant family Sterculiaceae. Currently, under the APG IV system the genus is placed under the subfamily Byttnerioideae of the family Malvaceae senso lato. The distribution of the genus is restricted to the rain forests of Africa. In total 26 taxa have been described, 21 have been recognized (20 species and 1 variety), two invalid and one nomen nudus (without a formal description). History The genus ''Scaphopetalum'' was first described by Masters (1867), based on material from Equatorial Guinee (Mt.John) collected by Gustav Mann. Three species were described by Maxwell T. Masters, '' S. longe-penduculatum'', '' S. blackii'' and '' S. mannii''. Later, É. De Wildeman and T. Durant (June, 1897) described '' S. thonneri'' based on material collected by F. Thonner from northern DRC. A few months later K. Schumann (October, 1897) described four new species, '' S. stipulosum'', '' S. macranthum'', '' S. zenkeri'' and '' S. ...
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Porina Rufula
''Porina'' is a genus of lichens in the family Trichotheliaceae. A 2020 estimate places about 145 species in the widespread genus. Species *''Porina abrupta'' *'' Porina adflata'' *''Porina africana'' *'' Porina ahlesiana'' *'' Porina alba'' *'' Porina albicera'' *''Porina albida'' *'' Porina aluniticola'' *''Porina aptrootii'' *'' Porina arnoldii'' *'' Porina athertonii'' *'' Porina atlantica'' *''Porina atriceps'' *''Porina atropunctata'' *'' Porina australiensis'' *'' Porina australis'' *'' Porina austroatlantica'' *'' Porina austropacifica'' *'' Porina bacillifera'' *'' Porina barbifera'' *'' Porina bellendenica'' *'' Porina biroi'' *'' Porina blechnicola'' *'' Porina boliviana'' *''Porina bonplandii'' *'' Porina bryophila'' *'' Porina canthicarpa'' *''Porina chloroticula'' *''Porina chrysophora'' *'' Porina coarctata'' *''Porina conica'' *''Porina constrictospora'' – Australia *''Porina coralloidea'' *''Porina corrugata'' *''Porina cras ...
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Photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms
. University of California Museum of Paleontology.
Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures (

Perithecium
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ...
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Ascospore
An ascus (; ) is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division. However, asci in some genera or species can occur in numbers of one (e.g. ''Monosporascus cannonballus''), two, four, or multiples of four. In a few cases, the ascospores can bud off conidia that may fill the asci (e.g. ''Tympanis'') with hundreds of conidia, or the ascospores may fragment, e.g. some ''Cordyceps'', also filling the asci with smaller cells. Ascospores are nonmotile, usually single celled, but not infrequently may be coenocytic (lacking a septum), and in some cases coenocytic in multiple planes. Mitotic divisions within the developing spores populate each resulting cell in septate ascospores with nuclei. The term ocular chamber, or oculus, refers to the epiplasm (the portion of cytoplasm not used in ascospore formation) that is surrounded by the "bourrelet ...
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Gyalectales
''Gyalectales'' is an order of lichen-forming fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It contains 5 families, 15 genera and about 550 species. Taxonomy The Gyalectales were introduced in a 1974 publication by Aino Henssen and Martin Jahns, but not formally published until 1986 by David Hawksworth and Ove Eriksson. Phylogeny An early (2002) phylogenetics study showed that the order Ostropales, as was then circumscribed, was paraphyletic, and proposed that the Ostropales sensu lato included the Gyalectales and Trapeliaceae. Although they had traditionally been considered to be only distantly related, molecular studies suggested a much closer phylogenetic relationship. As a result, of the molecular data, Kauff and Lutzoni subsumed the Gyalectales into the Ostropales, as the latter name was published earlier (1932 vs. 1986). In 2018, Kraichak and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks. Base ...
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Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms
. University of California Museum of Paleontology.
Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures (