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Polynoidae
Polynoidae is a family of marine Polychaete worms known as "scale worms" due to the scale-like elytra on the dorsal surface. Almost 900 species are currently recognised belonging to 9 subfamilies and 167 genera. They are active hunters, but generally dwell in protected environments such as under stones. The group is widely distributed from shallow intertidal waters to hadal trenches. They are the most diverse group of polychaetes in terms of genus number and second most diverse in terms of species number which is almost 8% of all segmented worm species. Description Most Polynoidae species are short and flattened, but can reach as much as 20 cm in length and 10 cm width in ''Eulagisca gigantea'' and ''Eulagisca uschakovi''. Individuals are usually covered almost entirely by elytra, which can be shed and regenerated in many species. The elytra of some species are faintly bioluminescent, and leave glowing traces around the mouthparts of their predators, making those preda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acanthicolepis
''Acanthicolepis'' is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus was described in 1990 and includes two short-bodied species with up to 50 segments and which occur in the Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic Ocean. Description Body short, with up to 50 segments and 18 pairs of elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 26, 29, 32, 34, 35, and 38. The prostomium has a pair of anterior peaks and the lateral antennae are inserted terminoventrally. Parapodia with both dorsal (notopodial) and ventral (neuropodial) acicula penetrating epidermis. The notochaetae are stout, with numerous rows of spines; the neurochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such ... are more slender and include both unidentate (lack ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antipathipolyeunoa
''Antipathipolyeunoa'' is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus contains a single species, ''Antipathipolyeunoa nuttingi'', found in the Caribbean Sea at a depth of 91 metres.Pettibone, M.H. (1991). Polynoid polychaetes commensal with antipatharian corals. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 104(4): 714-726., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34809416 Description Species of ''Antipathipolyeunoa'' have 82–84 segments and 40 pairs of elytra; the elytra are large and cover the dorsum completely. Cephalic peaks are also present, and the neuropodia are with a subacicular process. Description of ''Antipathipolyeunoa nuttingi'' Specifically, ''A. nuttingi'' has 82 segments and 40 pairs of elytra, with a nearly continuous reddish brown longitudinal dorsal pigmentation band with some spots at the base of the dorsal cirri and some midventral pigmentation. The lateral antennae are inserted ventrally (be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arctonoe
''Arctonoe'' is a genus of worms belonging to the family Polynoidae. They are commonly known as "scale worms". Members of this genus predominantly occur in shallow (50 metres or less) waters of the northeast Pacific Ocean and often live as commensals of other marine invertebrates, frequently echinoderms but sometimes molluscs or other polychaetes. Description Arctonoe have long bodies, with 100 or more segments and numerous pairs of smooth translucent scales (elytra) on several of the segments. The first segment (prostomium), which contains the mouth, is rounded and smooth; on its side it has antennae pointing away from the body. Parapodia are found along the body with both dorsal (notopodial) and ventral (neuropodial) acicula penetrating epidermis. The notochaetae are few in number and more slender than the neurochaetae both notochaetae and neurochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adyte
''Adyte hyalina'' is a species of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms) and the only accepted species in the genus ''Adyte''. ''Adyte hyalina'' occurs in the North-east Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, at depths down to about 150 metres. Description ''Adyte hyalina'' is colourless or yellowish, up to thirty millimetres long, and has a dark band running down its back.John Barrett and C M Young, Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore (1958) p.68 ''Adyte hyalina'' is a long-bodied scale-worm with up to about 70 segments and 15 pairs of elytra, leaving the long tail uncovered. The prostomium is rounded anteriorly (without peaks) and with three antennae; the lateral antennae are inserted ventrally to the median antenna. Parapodia with elongate acicular lobes are present, with both acicula penetrating the epidermis in notopodium but not neuropodium. The notochaetae are stout, with few rows of spines and slightly notched tip. The neurochaetae are more slende ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulagisca Gigantea
''Eulagisca gigantea'' is a scale worm that is widely distributed around Antarctica and the Southern Ocean at depths of about . Description ''Eulagisca gigantea'' can grow to a length of and a width of . It is dorso-ventrally flattened and has 40 segments with 15 pairs of elytra. The prostomium is oval and the back part is concealed by a nuchal fold. The lateral antennae are inserted terminally on the anterior margin of the prostomium. The notochaetae are about as thick as the neurochaetae, but bidentate neurochaetae absent. The eversible proboscis A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elong ... bears a pair of large jaws and is about a quarter of the length of the whole organism. It is a greyish-brown colour and without patterning. References Further reading * {{Taxo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulagisca Uschakovi
''Eulagisca uschakovi'' is a giant scale worm known from the Antarctic, in waters such as off Mac.Robertson Land, Palmer Archipelago and the Weddell Sea, at depths of 10 to 920m. Description Specimens can grow to up to around 190mm in length and have 39 segments with 15 pairs of elytra. The body is brownish at the mid-dorsum. The elytra are large and thin, with brownish splashes of pigmentation and fringe of sharp, pointed papillae along their margin. Wide, ovular prostomium with the median antenna with a large ceratophore in an anterior notch and lateral antennae inserted terminally on anterior margin of prostomium. Notochaetae are capillary-type and thicker than the capillary Neurochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such .... References {{Taxonbar, from=Q310 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bioluminescent
Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms. It is a form of chemiluminescence. Bioluminescence occurs widely in marine vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as in some Fungus, fungi, microorganisms including some bioluminescent bacteria, and terrestrial arthropods such as Firefly, fireflies. In some animals, the light is bacteriogenic, produced by symbiosis, symbiotic bacteria such as those from the genus ''Vibrio''; in others, it is autogenic, produced by the animals themselves. In a general sense, the principal chemical reaction in bioluminescence involves a light-emitting molecule and an enzyme, generally called luciferin and luciferase, respectively. Because these are generic names, luciferins and luciferases are often distinguished by the species or group, e.g. firefly luciferin. In all characterized cases, the enzyme Catalysis, catalyzes the Redox, oxidation of the luciferin. In some species, the luciferase requires other Cofactor (bio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augenerilepidonotus
''Augenerilepidonotus dictyolepis'' is a species of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms) and the sole member of the genus ''Augenerilepidonotus''. It is known from Australia, usually from depths of about 40 metres or less. Description Body dorsoventrally flattened, short, with 26 segments and 12 pairs of elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 2. Prostomium with three antennae; lateral antennae continuous with prostomium, laterally to median antenna. elytra covered with chitinous irregular polygonal areas. Notochaetae slender and densely serrated. Neurochaetae much more stout, with few rows of spines distally and exclusively unidentate tips (see Pettibone, 1995 for detailed diagnosis) . ''Augenerilepidonotus dictyolepis'' is very similar to species of Lepidonotus, differing only by the polygonal ornamentation of the elytra An elytron (; ; , ) is a modified, hardened forewing of beetles (Coleoptera), though a few of the tru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Admetella
''Admetella'' is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). Species of ''Admetella'', although uncommonly collected are nevertheless known from widespread localities in the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans at depths of 400–6,000 m. Description Species of ''Admetella'' have a short triangular sheath-like appendage at the base of the lateral antennae and have 50 or more segments and 25 to 31 pairs of elytra. Notochaetae and neurochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such ... are long, slender and are distally flattened. Species Three valid species of ''Admetella'' are known as of July 2020: *'' Admetella brevis'' Levenstein, 1978 *'' Admetella hastigerens'' Chamberlin, 1919 *'' Admetella longipedata'' (McIntosh, 1885) Refer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acholoe (animal)
''Acholoe squamosa'' is a species in the family Polynoidae (scale worms) and the only species in the genus ''Acholoe''; it occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic Ocean. Description Body long, with numerous segments (50 to more than 100) and numerous pairs of elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, then on alternate segments to 23 and on every third segment thereafter. The prostomium is anteriorly rounded (without peaks) and the lateral antennae are inserted terminoventrally. Parapodia with elongate acicular lobes with both acicula penetrating epidermis. The notochaetae are stout, with distinct rows of spines and blunt tips; the neurochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such ... are unidentate (lack a secondary tooth at the tips) (see Barnich & Fiege, 2003 f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lepidonotus
''Lepidonotus'' is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus occurs globally and includes 80 species, usually found in shallow waters down to about 80 metres. Description Body dorsoventrally flattened, short, with 26 segments and 12 pairs of elytra on segments 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, and 23. Prostomium with three antennae; lateral antennae continuous with prostomium, laterally to median antenna. Parapodia with elongate acicular lobes with both acicula penetrating epidermis. Notochaetae slender and densely serrated. Neurochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such ... much more stout, with rows of spines distally and unidentate and/or bidentate tips (see Barnich & Fiege, 2003 for detailed diagnosis) . Species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australaugeneria
''Australaugeneria'' is a genus of marine annelids in the family Polynoidae (scale worms). The genus includes 4 species which are commensal on octocorals. Description Elytra 15 pairs, 36–40 segments. Lateral antennae inserted ventrally (beneath prostomium and median antenna). Neuropodia deeply incised vertically, so that the neurochaetae emerge from a prominent division between the pre-chaetal (= acicular) lobe and the post-chaetal lobe. Notochaetae A chaeta or cheta (from Greek χαίτη “crest, mane, flowing hair"; plural: chaetae) is a chitinous bristle or seta found in annelid worms, (although the term is also frequently used to describe similar structures in other invertebrates such ... present, hooked neurochaetae in anterior-most segments, bidentate neurochaetae absent (summarised from detailed diagnosis of Ravara & Cunha, 2016).Ravara, Ascensão; Cunha, Marina R. (2016). Two new species of scale worms (Polychaeta: Aphroditiformia) from deep-sea habitats ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
