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Polyerata
''Polyerata'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains three species: *Blue-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata amabilis'' * Charming hummingbird, ''Polyerata decora'' * Purple-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata rosenbergi'' These species were formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these three species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Polyerata'' that had been introduced in 1863 by the German ornithologist Ferdinand Heine to accommodate the blue-chested hummingbird which therefore becomes the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ... ''poluēratos'' meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyerata
''Polyerata'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains three species: *Blue-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata amabilis'' * Charming hummingbird, ''Polyerata decora'' * Purple-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata rosenbergi'' These species were formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, these three species were moved to the resurrected genus ''Polyerata'' that had been introduced in 1863 by the German ornithologist Ferdinand Heine to accommodate the blue-chested hummingbird which therefore becomes the type species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ... ''poluēratos'' meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-chested Hummingbird
The blue-chested hummingbird (''Polyerata amabilis'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. The hummingbird feeds by trap-lining and also defends feeding territory (particularly in nectar-poor habitat), taking nectar and also small insects gleaned from foliage. These foraging territories are often on the borders of forests in areas of scattered flowers. The males will form leks to try to gain the attention of females during breeding season. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homopla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-chested Hummingbird
The blue-chested hummingbird (''Polyerata amabilis'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. The hummingbird feeds by trap-lining and also defends feeding territory (particularly in nectar-poor habitat), taking nectar and also small insects gleaned from foliage. These foraging territories are often on the borders of forests in areas of scattered flowers. The males will form leks to try to gain the attention of females during breeding season. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homopla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charming Hummingbird
The charming hummingbird (''Polyerata decora'') and also known as the beryl-crowned hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae, found in Costa Rica and Panama. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. Staying within the exterior of forests, it searches for scattered flowers and various arthropods for food. Due to its longer beak and wings, and slight coloring differences, it has been placed in its own species separate from the blue-chested hummingbird. Leks of up to 12 male birds will sing together in hopes of attracting a mate. This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the charming hummingbird was moved to the resurrected genus ''Polyerata ''Polyerata'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains three specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purple-chested Hummingbird
The purple-chested hummingbird (''Polyerata rosenbergi'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and heavily degraded former forest. It is commonly hunted for the supposed medicinal properties of its beak by indigenous peoples in the area. Taxonomy This species was formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the purple-chested hummingbird was moved to the resurrected genus ''Polyerata ''Polyerata'' is a genus of hummingbirds. Species The genus contains three species: *Blue-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata amabilis'' * Charming hummingbird, ''Polyerata decora'' * Purple-chested hummingbird, ''Polyerata rosenbergi'' These spe ...''. References purple-chested hummingbird Birds of Colombia Birds of Ecu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amazilia
''Amazilia'' is a hummingbird genus in the subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in tropical Central and South America. Taxonomy The genus ''Amazilia'' was introduced in 1843 by the French naturalist René Lesson. Lesson had used ''amazilia'' in 1827 as the specific epithet of the amazilia hummingbird which is now the only species placed in the genus ''Amazilis''. The name comes from the Inca heroine in Jean-François Marmontel's novel ''Les Incas, ou la destruction de l'Empire du Pérou''. The type species was subsequently designated as the cinnamon hummingbird. The genus contains five species: * Rufous-tailed hummingbird, ''Amazilia tzacatl * Buff-bellied hummingbird, ''Amazilia yucatanensis'' * Cinnamon hummingbird, ''Amazilia rutila'' * Mangrove hummingbird, ''Amazilia boucardi'' * Honduran emerald, ''Amazilia luciae'' An additional species is sometimes included: * Guanacaste hummingbird, ''Amazilia alfaroana'' (disputed) This genus formerly included many more species. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Heine
Jakob Gottlieb Ferdinand Heine (9 March 1809, in Halberstadt – 28 March 1894) was a German ornithologist and collector. Heine had one of the largest private collection of birds in the mid-19th century. The collection now housed at the Heineanum Halberstadt Museum in Halberstadt (27,000 specimens, 15,000 books).The Eponym Dictionary of Birds by Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, Michael Grayson wrote about the collection i [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Gould
John Gould (; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist. He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, Henry Constantine Richter, Joseph Wolf and William Matthew Hart. He has been considered the father of bird study in Australia and the Gould League in Australia is named after him. His identification of the birds now nicknamed "Darwin's finches" played a role in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Gould's work is referenced in Charles Darwin's book, ''On the Origin of Species''. Early life Gould was born in Lyme Regis, the first son of a gardener. Both father and son probably had little education. After working on Dowager Lady Poulett's glass house, his father obtained a position on an estate near Guildford, Surrey, and then in 1818, Gould Snr became foreman in the Royal Gardens of Windsor. Gould then be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae. With about 361 species and 113 genera, they occur from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego, but the vast majority of the species are found in the tropics around the equator. They are small birds, with most species measuring in length. The smallest extant hummingbird species is the bee hummingbird, which weighs less than . The largest hummingbird species is the giant hummingbird, weighing . They are specialized for feeding on flower nectar, but all species also consume flying insects or spiders. Hummingbirds split from their sister group, the swifts and treeswifts, around 42 million years ago. The common ancestor of extant hummingbirds is estimated to have lived 22 million years ago in South America. They are known as hummingbirds because of the humming sound created by their beating wings, which flap at high frequencies audible to humans. They hover in mid-air at rapid wing-flapping rate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molecular Phylogenetic
Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to determine the processes by which diversity among species has been achieved. The result of a molecular phylogenetic analysis is expressed in a phylogenetic tree. Molecular phylogenetics is one aspect of molecular systematics, a broader term that also includes the use of molecular data in taxonomy and biogeography. Molecular phylogenetics and molecular evolution correlate. Molecular evolution is the process of selective changes (mutations) at a molecular level (genes, proteins, etc.) throughout various branches in the tree of life (evolution). Molecular phylogenetics makes inferences of the evolutionary relationships that arise due to molecular evolution and results in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. History The theoretical framew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with systema ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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