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Plant Use Of Endophytic Fungi In Defense
Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense occurs when Endophyte, endophytic Fungus, fungi, which live Symbiosis, symbiotically with the majority of plants by entering their cells, are utilized as an Plant defense against herbivory#Indirect defenses, indirect defense against herbivores. In exchange for carbohydrate energy resources, the fungus provides benefits to the plant which can include increased water or nutrient uptake and protection from Phytophagy, phytophagous insects, birds or mammals. Once associated, the fungi alter nutrient content of the plant and enhance or begin production of secondary metabolites.Dighton, J. (2003). Fungi in Ecosystem Processes. New York: Marcel Dekker. The change in chemical composition acts to deter herbivory by insects, grazing by ungulates and/or oviposition by adult insects. Endophyte-mediated defense can also be effective against pathogens and non-herbivory damage. This differs from other forms of indirect defense in that the fungi live withi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neotyphodium Coenophialum
''Neotyphodium'' is a genus of endophytic fungi symbiotic with grasses. It used to contain a number of asexually reproducing species that colonize the leaves of cool-season grasses, but most of them, including the type species '' N. coenophialum'', were merged into the genus ''Epichloë'' in 2014. Two species of unclear position were excluded from this treatment: *''Neotyphodium chilense'' from Chile should be treated as ''Acremonium chilense'' since the previous transfer to ''Neotyphodium'' is untested. *''Neotyphodium starrii'' is closely related to ''N. coenophialum'', but the taxonomic status within ''Epichloë'' (whether it is a distinct species or not) is unclear (''nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...''). References Hypocreales genera Cla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
