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Phyllachne
''Phyllachne'' is a genus of four cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. Of the four species, two are endemic to New Zealand, while '' P. colensoi'' is also native to Tasmania and '' P. uliginosa'' is entirely endemic to southern South America and is the only species in the Stylidiaceae native to the Americas. The movement of ''P. colensoi'' to colonize Tasmania is a relatively recent move. Molecular studies group ''P. colensoi'', '' P. clavigera'', and '' P. rubra'' together in one clade with ''P. uliginosa'' in the sister clade. Based on molecular clock The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleoti ... data of the ''rbcL'' gene, it is estimated that ''P. uliginosa'' last shared a common ancestor with the New Zealand clade about 6 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllachne Clavigera
''Phyllachne'' is a genus of four cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. Of the four species, two are endemic to New Zealand, while '' P. colensoi'' is also native to Tasmania and '' P. uliginosa'' is entirely endemic to southern South America and is the only species in the Stylidiaceae native to the Americas. The movement of ''P. colensoi'' to colonize Tasmania is a relatively recent move. Molecular studies group ''P. colensoi'', '' P. clavigera'', and '' P. rubra'' together in one clade with ''P. uliginosa'' in the sister clade. Based on molecular clock The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleoti ... data of the ''rbcL'' gene, it is estimated that ''P. uliginosa'' last shared a common ancestor with the New Zealand clade about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllachne Uliginosa
''Phyllachne'' is a genus of four cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. Of the four species, two are endemic to New Zealand, while '' P. colensoi'' is also native to Tasmania and '' P. uliginosa'' is entirely endemic to southern South America and is the only species in the Stylidiaceae native to the Americas. The movement of ''P. colensoi'' to colonize Tasmania is a relatively recent move. Molecular studies group ''P. colensoi'', '' P. clavigera'', and '' P. rubra'' together in one clade with ''P. uliginosa'' in the sister clade. Based on molecular clock The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleoti ... data of the ''rbcL'' gene, it is estimated that ''P. uliginosa'' last shared a common ancestor with the New Zealand clade about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllachne Rubra
''Phyllachne'' is a genus of four cushion plant species in the family Stylidiaceae. Of the four species, two are endemic to New Zealand, while '' P. colensoi'' is also native to Tasmania and '' P. uliginosa'' is entirely endemic to southern South America and is the only species in the Stylidiaceae native to the Americas. The movement of ''P. colensoi'' to colonize Tasmania is a relatively recent move. Molecular studies group ''P. colensoi'', '' P. clavigera'', and '' P. rubra'' together in one clade with ''P. uliginosa'' in the sister clade. Based on molecular clock The molecular clock is a figurative term for a technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to deduce the time in prehistory when two or more life forms diverged. The biomolecular data used for such calculations are usually nucleoti ... data of the ''rbcL'' gene, it is estimated that ''P. uliginosa'' last shared a common ancestor with the New Zealand clade about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phyllachne Colensoi
''Phyllachne colensoi'', the yellow cushionplant, is a species of cushion plant in the Stylidiaceae family. It is native to both New Zealand and Tasmania, with colonisation of the latter being a somewhat recent dispersal. ''Phyllachne colensoi'' is frequently the dominant vegetation in upland bog habitats and is found throughout high mountain areas in New Zealand, but is only recorded from 12 sites in Tasmania in the west and south-west of the island.Wagstaff, S.J. and Wege, J. (2002)Patterns of diversification in New Zealand Stylidiaceae ''American Journal of Botany'', 89(5): 865-874.Good, R. (1925). On the geographical distribution of the Stylidiaceae. ''New Phytologist'', 24(4): 225-240.Gray, A. M. (2009) version 2009:2. In M. F. Duretto (Ed.) Flora of Tasmania Online. 9 pp. (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery: Hobart). ''Phyllachne colensoi'' is a perennial cushion mound-forming plant with short erect stems that are densely packed. Leaves are sessile and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stylidiaceae
The family Stylidiaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It consists of five genera with over 240 species, most of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Members of Stylidiaceae are typically grass-like herbs or small shrubs and can be perennials or annuals. Most species are free standing or self-supporting, though a few can be climbing or scrambling ('' Stylidium scandens'' uses leaf tips recurved into hooks to climb). The pollination mechanisms of '' Stylidium'' and ''Levenhookia'' are as follows: In ''Stylidium'' the floral column, which consists of the fused stamen and style, springs violently from one side (usually under the flower) when triggered. This deposits the pollen on a visiting insect. In ''Levenhookia'', however, the column is immobile, but the hooded labellum is triggered and sheds pollen. In 1981, only about 155 species were known in the family. The current number of species by genus (reported in 2002) is as follows: ''Forstera'' - 5, '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering . New Zealand is about east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Americas
The Americas, which are sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North and South America. The Americas make up most of the land in Earth's Western Hemisphere and comprise the New World. Along with their associated islands, the Americas cover 8% of Earth's total surface area and 28.4% of its land area. The topography is dominated by the American Cordillera, a long chain of mountains that runs the length of the west coast. The flatter eastern side of the Americas is dominated by large river basins, such as the Amazon, St. Lawrence River–Great Lakes basin, Mississippi, and La Plata. Since the Americas extend from north to south, the climate and ecology vary widely, from the arctic tundra of Northern Canada, Greenland, and Alaska, to the tropical rain forests in Central America and South America. Humans first settled the Americas from Asia between 42,000 and 17,000 years ago. A second migration of Na-Dene speakers followed later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island ( dependency of Norway), Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tasmania
) , nickname = , image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Tasmania in AustraliaCoordinates: , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of Tasmania , established_title2 = Federation , established_date2 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Abel Tasman , demonym = , capital = Hobart , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center = 29 local government areas , admin_center_type = Administration , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor , leader_name2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cushion Plant
A cushion plant is a compact, low-growing, mat-forming plant that is found in alpine, subalpine, arctic, or subarctic environments around the world. The term "cushion" is usually applied to woody plants that grow as spreading mats, are limited in height above the ground (a few inches at most), have relatively large and deep tap roots, and have life histories adapted to slow growth in a nutrient-poor environment with delayed reproductivity and reproductive cycle adaptations. The plant form is an example of parallel or convergent evolution with species from many different plant families on different continents converging on the same evolutionary adaptations to endure the harsh environmental conditions.Went, F. W. (1971). Parallel evolution. ''Taxon'', 20(2/3): 197-226. Description Cushion plants form large, low-growing mats that can grow up to in diameter. The typical form is a compact mass of closely spaced stems with minimal apical dominance that terminate in individual rosettes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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