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Phosphorosaurus
''Phosphorosaurus'' ("phosphate lizard") is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. ''Phosphorosaurus'' is classified within the Halisaurinae subfamily alongside the genera '' Pluridens'', ''Eonatator'' and ''Halisaurus''. Stratigraphically, ''Phosphorosaurus'' only occurs in the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Although treated as synonymous with ''Halisaurus'' in the past, recent studies recognize it as valid. Two species are known, ''Phosphorosaurus ortliebi'' from the Craie de Ciply Formation in Belgium, and ''P. ponpetelegans'' from the Hakobuchi Formation of Hokkaido in Japan. ''P. ponpetelegans'' is only known from the very earliest Maastrichtian, whilst ''P. ortliebi'' occurs throughout the Maastrichtian. Description With a length of around 3 m (10 ft), ''Phosphorosaurus'' was small compared to most other mosasaurs, but rather standard in size for a halisaurine. Analysis of ''Phosphorosaurus'' biology suggests that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halisaurinae
The Halisaurinae are a subfamily of mosasaurs, a group of Late Cretaceous marine lizards. They were small to medium-sized, ranging from just under 3 meters in ''Eonatator sternbergi'' to as much as 8 or 9 meters in ''Pluridens serpentis''. They tended to have relatively slender jaws and small, numerous teeth, suggesting a diet of small fish and other prey. Although the skeleton is primitive compared to other Mosasauridae in many respects, halisaurines had the distinctive hypocercal tail of other mosasaurids suggesting good swimming ability, and they persisted alongside other mosasaurs until the end of the Cretaceous. The earliest known remains of halisaurines occur in rocks of Santonian age and the subfamily persists until the latest Maastrichtian. Halisaurines are known from North and South America, Europe, Asia and Africa, indicating a more or less global distribution in the Late Cretaceous. Four genera are currently recognized: ''Eonatator'', ''Halisaurus'', '' Phosphorosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phosphorosaurus
''Phosphorosaurus'' ("phosphate lizard") is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. ''Phosphorosaurus'' is classified within the Halisaurinae subfamily alongside the genera '' Pluridens'', ''Eonatator'' and ''Halisaurus''. Stratigraphically, ''Phosphorosaurus'' only occurs in the Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Although treated as synonymous with ''Halisaurus'' in the past, recent studies recognize it as valid. Two species are known, ''Phosphorosaurus ortliebi'' from the Craie de Ciply Formation in Belgium, and ''P. ponpetelegans'' from the Hakobuchi Formation of Hokkaido in Japan. ''P. ponpetelegans'' is only known from the very earliest Maastrichtian, whilst ''P. ortliebi'' occurs throughout the Maastrichtian. Description With a length of around 3 m (10 ft), ''Phosphorosaurus'' was small compared to most other mosasaurs, but rather standard in size for a halisaurine. Analysis of ''Phosphorosaurus'' biology suggests that th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halisaurus
''Halisaurus'' is an extinct genus of marine reptile belonging to the mosasaur family. The holotype, consisting of an angular and a basicranium fragment discovered near Hornerstown, New Jersey, already revealed a relatively unique combination of features and prompted a new genus to be described. It was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1869 and means "ocean lizard". It was renamed by Marsh to ''Baptosaurus'' in 1870, since he believed the name to already be preoccupied by the fish ''Halosaurus''. According to modern rules, a difference of a letter is enough and the substitute name is unneeded, making "''Baptosaurus''" a junior synonym. Since its description, more complete remains have been uncovered from fossil deposits throughout the world with particularly complete remains found in Morocco and the United States. The genus remains a key taxon in mosasaur systematics due to its unique set of features and as the most complete representative of its subfamily, the Halisaurinae. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eonatator
''Eonatator'' is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the mosasaur family. It is a close relative of ''Halisaurus'', and part of the same subfamily, the Halisaurinae. It is known from the Late Cretaceous of North America, Colombia and Sweden. Originally, this taxon was included within ''Halisaurus'', but was placed in its own genus, which also led to the subfamily Halisaurinae being created for the two genera. Discovery and naming ''Eonatator'' is known from the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk Formation ( Late Coniacian to Early Campanian) of Kansas, from the Eutaw Formation (Santonian) and Mooreville Chalk Formation (Selma Group; Santonian-Lower Campanian) of Alabama (United States), from the Kristianstad Basin of southern Sweden (late early Campanian), and the unit Nivel de Lutitas y Arenas (Campanian) of the Olini Group in La Mesa, Colombia. The name ''Eonatator'' means "dawn swimmer" (Greek ''eos'' = dawn + Latin ''natator'' = swimmer). Originally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hakobuchi Formation
The Hakobuchi Formation is a geological formation in Hokkaido, Japan. It is the uppermost unit of the Yezo Group, being early Maastrichtian in age. It consists of bioturbated glauconitic sandstones, siltstones and conglomerates with coaly mudstone and minor tuffite. It was deposited in a continental shelf setting. It is noted for its fossil content with the invertebrates mainly consisting of bivalves and ammonites. With vertebrates including the mosasaurs '' Mosasaurus hobetsuensis'' and ''Phosphorosaurus ponpetelegans''. As well the sea turtle '' Mesodermochelys''Hirayama R, Chitoku T. (1996). "Family Dermochelyidae (Superfamily Chelonioidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of North Japan". ''Transactions and proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan. New series'' 184: 597-622online, retrieved 28 July 2008/ref> and the hadrosaurid dinosaur ''Kamuysaurus ''Kamuysaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous edmontosaurin saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur from Late Cretaceous Maast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pluridens
''Pluridens'' ("many teeth") is an extinct genus of marine lizard belonging to the Mosasauridae. ''Pluridens'' is placed in the subfamily Halisaurinae with the genera ''Phosphorosaurus'', ''Eonatator'' and ''Halisaurus''.Konishi, Takuya; Caldwell, Michael W.; Nishimura, Tomohiro; Sakurai, Kazuhiko; Tanoue, Kyo (2015). "A new halisaurine mosasaur (Squamata: Halisaurinae) from Japan: the first record in the western Pacific realm and the first documented insights into binocular vision in mosasaurs". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology: 1–31. doi:10.1080/14772019.2015.1113447. Compared to related halisaurines, ''Pluridens'' had longer jaws with more teeth, and smaller eyes. It also grew large size, measuring long and perhaps over in some individuals. The jaws in some specimens are robust, and sometimes show injuries suggestive of combat. The jaws may have been used for fighting over mates or territories. ''Pluridens'' lived in the shallow seas of West Africa during the late Camp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin
Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the Roman Republic it became the dominant language in the Italian region and subsequently throughout the Roman Empire. Even after the fall of Western Rome, Latin remained the common language of international communication, science, scholarship and academia in Europe until well into the 18th century, when other regional vernaculars (including its own descendants, the Romance languages) supplanted it in common academic and political usage, and it eventually became a dead language in the modern linguistic definition. Latin is a highly inflected language, with three distinct genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter), six or seven noun cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, and vocative), five declensions, four verb conjuga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ainu Language
Ainu (, ), or more precisely Hokkaido Ainu, is a language spoken by a few elderly members of the Ainu people on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido. It is a member of the Ainu language family, itself considered a language family isolate with no academic consensus of origin. It is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger. Until the 20th century, the Ainu languages – Hokkaido Ainu and the now-extinct Kuril Ainu and Sakhalin Ainu – were spoken throughout Hokkaido, the southern half of the island of Sakhalin and by small numbers of people in the Kuril Islands. Due to the colonization policy employed by the Japanese government, the number of Hokkaido Ainu speakers decreased through the 20th century, and it is now moribund. A very few elderly people still speak the language fluently, though attempts are being made to revive it. According to P. Elmer, the Ainu languages are a contact language, having strong influences from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanternfish
Lanternfishes (or myctophids, from the Greek μυκτήρ ''myktḗr'', "nose" and ''ophis'', "serpent") are small mesopelagic fish of the large family Myctophidae. One of two families in the order Myctophiformes, the Myctophidae are represented by 246 species in 33 genera, and are found in oceans worldwide. Lanternfishes are aptly named after their conspicuous use of bioluminescence. Their sister family, the Neoscopelidae, are much fewer in number but superficially very similar; at least one neoscopelid shares the common name "lanternfish": the large-scaled lantern fish, '' Neoscopelus macrolepidotus''. Lanternfish are among the most widely distributed, diverse and populous vertebrates, with some estimates suggesting that they may have a total global biomass of 1.8 to 16 gigatonnes, accounting for up to 65% of all deep-sea fish biomass. Commercial fisheries for them exist off South Africa, in the sub-Antarctic, and in the Gulf of Oman. Description Lanternfish typically ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mosasaurs Of Europe
Mosasaurs (from Latin ''Mosa'' meaning the 'Meuse', and Ancient Greek, Greek ' meaning 'lizard') comprise a group of extinct, large marine reptiles from the Late Cretaceous. Their first fossil remains were discovered in a limestone quarry at Maastricht on the Meuse in 1764. They belong to the order Squamata, which includes lizards and snakes. Mosasaurs probably evolved from an extinct group of aquatic lizards known as Aigialosauridae, aigialosaurs in the Late Cretaceous, Earliest Late Cretaceous with 42 described genera. During the last 20 million years of the Cretaceous period (Turonian–Maastrichtian ages), with the extinction of the ichthyosaurs and Pliosauridae, pliosaurs, mosasaurs became the dominant marine predators. They themselves became extinct as a result of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, K-Pg event at the end of the Cretaceous period, about 66 million years ago. Description Mosasaurs breathed air, were powerful swimmers, and were well-adapted to livi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossil Taxa Described In 1889
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the absolute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
