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Permafrost (novella)
Permafrost () is soil or underwater sediment which continuously remains below for two or more years. Land-based permafrost can include the topsoil, surface layer of the soil, but if the surface is too warm, it may still occur within a few centimetre, centimeters of the surface down to hundreds of meters. It usually consists of ice holding in place a combination of various types of soil, sand, and rock (geology), rock, though in ice-free ground, perennially frozen non-porous bedrock can serve the same role. Around 15% of the Northern Hemisphere or 11% of the global surface is underlain by permafrost, with the total area of around . This includes substantial areas of Alaska, Greenland, Canada, and Siberia. It is also located in high mountain regions, with the Tibetan Plateau a prominent example. Only a minority of permafrost exists in the Southern Hemisphere, where it is consigned to mountain slopes like in the Andes or the Southern Alps of New Zealand, and beneath the massive ice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Permafrost Association
The International Permafrost Association (IPA), founded in 1983, has as its objectives to foster the dissemination of knowledge concerning permafrost and to promote cooperation among persons and national or international organisations engaged in scientific investigation and engineering work related to permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. The IPA became an Affiliated Organisation of the International Union of Geological Sciences in July 1989. The Association’s primary responsibilities are to convene International Permafrost Conferences, undertake special projects such as preparing databases, maps, bibliographies, and glossaries, and coordinate international field programmes and networks. The International Conference On Permafrost (ICOP) is regularly held since 1965. Permafrost or perennially frozen ground is defined as earth material that remains at or below 0 °C for at least two consecutive years. As such, upwards of 25% of Planet Earth is underlain to some degree by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
