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Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu
Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu is named as a commander and 'chief general' of the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya () in the 17th century Telugu text ''Rayavachakamu'', and a later poetic rendition ''Krishnarajavijayam''. He was an army commander of a Vijayanagara military unit comprising nearly 80,000 soldiers. An inscription dated to 1544 AD, which was found in Tallaproddatu, states that Pemmasani Ramalinga enjoyed the ''nayankara'' (feudal control) of the village. According to ''Rayavachakamu'', he was a commander for the Vijayanagar king Krishnadevaraya at a certain 'Battle with the Turks'. Historian Venkataramanayya identified the battle as the one fought at Devni or Dewani (unidentified) in 1509–1510, within a year of Krishnadevaraya's accession. But some elements of the narrative are also reminiscent of the Battle of Raichur. Ramalinga is said to have played a crucial role in winning the battle against combined armies of Kalburgie, Golconda and Ahmednagar for Krishn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamma (caste)
Kamma is a Hindu caste from South India. The community of Kammas is believed to have originated from agriculturists of the ''Kammanadu'' region of the Guntur and Prakasam districts in Andhra Pradesh. Quote: "Next to birth and profession, it was region which accounted for sectarian sub-divisions in all the castes like those of Kammanadu being called Kamma-Brahmana, Kamma-Kapu, Kamma-Sresthi and so on." Propelled by their military activity in the Vijayanagara Empire, Kammas are believed to have spread out from the region during the Vijayanagara period, followed by some in-migration during the British period and out-migration again during the twentieth century. Today they are regarded as the richest group in Andhra Pradesh and are a dominant caste from Coastal Andhra with socio-economic and political prominence throughout the Telugu-speaking regions of India (the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana).; They also have a notable, albeit smaller, presence in Tamil Nadu and Karn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aravidu Dynasty
The Aravidu Dynasty was the fourth and last Hindu dynasty of Vijayanagara Empire in South India. Its founder was Tirumala Deva Raya, whose brother Rama Raya had been the masterful regent of the last ruler of the previous dynasty. Rama Raya's death at the Battle of Talikota in 1565 led to the subsequent destruction of Vijayanagar by the combined forces of the Muslim states of the Deccan. The Aravidu family claimed to be Kshatriyas and were based in Andhra region They claimed to belong to the Atreya gotra and traced their lineage to Rajaraja Narendra. List of rulers The main rulers of the Aravidu dynasty were: *Aliya Rama Raya (1542–1565 CE), first ruler *Tirumala Deva Raya (1565–1572 CE) *Sriranga Deva Raya (Sriranga I) (1572–1586 CE) *Venkatapati Deva Raya (Venkata II) (1586–1614 CE) *Sriranga II (1614–1617 CE) *Rama Deva Raya (1617–1632 CE) *Peda Venkata Raya (Venkata III) (1632–1642 CE) *Sriranga III (1642–1652 CE), last ruler of dynasty and empire See also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Karnataka
The History of Karnataka goes back several millennia. Several great empires and dynasties have ruled over Karnataka and have contributed greatly to the history, culture and development of Karnataka as well as the entire Indian subcontinent. The Chindaka Nagas of central India Gangas, Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta,Dr. D.R. Bhandarkar argues that even the viceroys (''Dandanayaka'') of the Gujarat line hailing from the Rashtrakuta family signed their Sanskrit records in Kannada, examples of which are the Navasari and Baroda plates of Karka I and the Baroda records of Dhruva II. The Gujarat Rashtrakuta princes used Kannada signatures as this was the mode of writing in their native country, meaning Kannada country says Dr. Bhandarkar, ''A Concise History of Karnataka'', Dr. Suryanath U. Kamath Chalukyas of Vengi, Yadava Dynasty of Devagiri were all of Kannada origin who later took to encouraging local languages. In the medieval and early modern periods, the Vijayanagara Empire and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telugu People
Telugu people ( te, తెలుగువారు, Teluguvāru), or Telugus, or Telugu vaaru, are the largest of the four major Dravidian ethnolinguistic groups in terms of population. Telugus are native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and the Yanam district of Puducherry. A significant number of Telugus also reside in the surrounding Indian states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, and Odisha, as well in the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Telugus claim descent from the Andhras, from whom the Telugus inherit their ethnonym. Telugu is the fourth most spoken language in India and the 15th most spoken language in the world. Andhra was mentioned in the Sanskrit epics such as Aitareya Brahmana (by some estimates c. 800 BCE). According to Aitareya Brahmana of the Rigveda, the Andhras left North India from the banks of river Yamuna and migrated to South India. They are mentioned at the time of the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemmasani Timma Nayaka
Pemmasani Timmanayudu I, also known as Thimma Nayudu, was the progenitor of the Pemmasani Nayaks, as per the ''kaifiyat'' of Tadipatri. The Pemmasani migrated from Telugu regions to serve the Vijayanagara Empire militarily. Pemmasani Timmanayudu first entered into the service of the Vijayanagara Empire as the keeper of the royal pigeons. Praudha Devaraya ( Devaraya II) sent Timmanayudu I to Yadiki, where Timmanayudu constructed a fort with four bastions. Moreover, Timmanayudu built one temple for Veerabhadra and one temple for Ganapati because their idols were found during the construction of the Yadiki Fort. Pemmasani Timmanayudu I administered Yadiki and its adjoining territory for sometime. He died there and was succeeded by his son, Ramalinganayudu I. See also * Devaraya II * Pemmasani Nayaks * Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu is named as a commander and 'chief general' of the Vijayanagara emperor Krishnadevaraya () in the 17th century Telugu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achyuta Deva Raya
Achyuta Deva Raya (died 1542 CE) was a ruler of a Vijayanagara Empire of South India. He was the younger brother of Krishna Deva Raya, whom he succeeded in 1529. During his reign, Fernao Nuniz a Portuguese traveller, chronicler and horse trader visited India and spent three years in Vijayanagara. Achyutaraya patronised Kannada poet Chatu Vittalanatha, the great composer and singer Purandaradasa (The Fathers of Carnatic music), and the Sanskrit scholar Rajanatha Dindima II. Upon his death, the succession was disputed. His son Venkata I succeeded him but ruled for a very short period and was killed in a chaotic succession dispute in which many claimants to the throne were killed. The dispute ended when his nephew, (younger brother's son) Sadasiva Raya, finally became king while yet a child, under the regency of Aliya Rama Raya, a son-in-law of Krishnadevaraya. His wife's name was probably Vasudha Devi. Sadasiva Raya was probably son of Vasudha Devi's sister Hemavati and her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adoni
Adoni is a city in the Kurnool district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipality and the headquarters of Adoni mandal, administered under the Adoni Revenue Division. In the 2011 census of India, Adoni had a population of 166,344, making it the 15th most populous town in the state with an urban agglomeration population of 184,625. History The Adoni fort is central to the town's history. In 1780, an observer wrote, :"Adoni is situated upon three mountains which are united; it has a range of irregular fortifications, piled one over the other. To maintain it requires a garrison of 30,000 men. The fortifications upon the mountains are often weak...To the south of Adoni, a large plain, to the north there are mountains, obnoxious from their nearness, to the east there are other mountains. To the west there are also mountains and this part is the weakest."Sen, S''Anglo-Maratha Relations, 1785–1796.''Popular Prakashan, 1995, volume 2 p. 55. . It is thought to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bethamcherla
Bethamcherla is a town with Nagar panchayat civic status and mandal headquarters located in Nandyal district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It comes under Dhone assembly constituency and Nandyal Parliament Constituency. Demographics census A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording and calculating information about the members of a given population. This term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common censuses incl ..., the town had a population of 38,994. The total population constitute, 19,424 males and 19,570 females —a sex ratio of 1008 females per 1000 males. 4,882 children are in the age group of 0–6 years. The average literacy rate stands at 65.60% with 22,379 literates, lower than the state average of 67.41%. Education The primary and secondary school education is imparted by government, aided and private schools, under the ''School Education Department'' of the state. References { ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aliya Rama Raya
Rama Raya (died 23 January 1565 CE), known as "Aliya" (son-in-law in Kannada) was a statesman of the Vijayanagara Empire, the son-in-law of Emperor Krishna Deva Raya and the progenitor of the Aravidu dynasty of Vijayanagar Empire, the fourth and last dynasty of the empire. As regent, he was the de facto ruler of the empire from 1542 to 1565, although legally the emperor during this period was Sadasiva Raya, who was merely a puppet ruler. Rama Raya was killed at the Battle of Talikota, after which the Vijayanagara Empire got fragmented into several semi-independent principalities paying only nominal allegiance to the empire. Early life and career Rama Raya was born in a Telugu family. His mother was Abbaladevi, and she was the daughter of a chieftain in Nandyala. The Aravidu family of Rama Raya was native to South Andhra. "Aliya" Rama Raya and his younger brother Tirumala Deva Raya were sons-in-law of the great Vijayanagara emperor Krishna Deva Raya. The word "Aliya" means "son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu
Pemmasani Erra Timmanayudu, also known as Pedda Timmanayudu or Yara Timmanayudu, was a member of the Pemmasani Nayaks in the 16th century Vijayanagara Empire in South India. He is credited for the rise of Aliya Rama Raya to the throne of Vijayanagara, and he was the commandant of the Gandikota Fort. His brother was the notable Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu, Commander Pemmasani Ramalinga Nayudu. Erra Timmanayudu was born to Pemmasani Timmanayudu II, Timmanayudu II and Machamma. According to ''kaifiyat'' of Tadipatri, he succeeded to the estates of his father during the reign of Achyuta Deva Raya, Achyutadevaraya. Like his father, Erra became the commandant of the Gandikota Fort, which at that time was an ''amaram'' of the Nandyala Chiefs. Given the resources at his disposal as the commandant of Gandikota, Erra was in a strong position to influence the affairs of Vijayanagara. Erra seems to have started his career during the reign of Achyutadevaraya, and he played a very active role in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Burton Stein
Burton Stein (1926 – April 26, 1996) was an American historian, whose area of specialization was India. Life and career Stein was born and grew up in Chicago, Illinois and served in the Second World War, before commencing tertiary study at the now disused Navy Pier facility that in 1945 was the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois. Stein was an unusual case in that he never completed a bachelor's degree. He was admitted directly into a Master of Arts program at the University of Chicago, finishing his masters in 1954 under the supervision of Robert Crane. He wrote his Ph.D. dissertation in 1957 on the economic functions of South India's medieval Tirupati temple. Upon the completion of his PhD, Stein was appointed to a teaching post at the University of Minnesota, where he stayed until the end of 1965. He then married the author Dorothy Stein and moved to the University of Hawaii where he stayed for 17 years until 1983. He held visiting professorships at the University o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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