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Paul Gondjout
Paul Marie Indjendjet Gondjout (4 June 1912 – 1 July 1990) was a Gabonese politician and civil servant, and the father of Laure Gondjout, another prominent Gabonese politician. Gondjout was a member of the Mpongwe ethnic group, and served in the French colonial administration from 1928, and founded the ''Cercle amical et mutualiste des évolués de Port-Gentil'' in 1943. He was a delegate to the French Senate from 1949 to 1958, and founded the Gabonese Democratic Bloc (BDG). In 1954, Léon M'ba joined the party and eventually overthrew Gondjout as leader. In 1960, then President M'ba reshuffled the government without consulting Parliament. When Gondjout filed a motion of censure he was charged with attempting a coup d'état and sentenced to two years in prison. Following his release, M'ba appointed him to the largely symbolic post of President of the Economic Council, in part to silence the threat he represented. Gondjout served as Minister of State during the abortiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabon
Gabon (; ; snq, Ngabu), officially the Gabonese Republic (french: République gabonaise), is a country on the west coast of Central Africa. Located on the equator, it is bordered by Equatorial Guinea to the northwest, Cameroon to the north, the Republic of the Congo on the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west. It has an area of nearly and its population is estimated at million people. There are coastal plains, mountains (the Cristal Mountains and the Chaillu Massif in the centre), and a savanna in the east. Since its independence from France in 1960, the sovereign state of Gabon has had three presidents. In the 1990s, it introduced a multi-party system and a democratic constitution that aimed for a more transparent electoral process and reformed some governmental institutions. With petroleum and foreign private investment, it has the fourth highest HDI in the region (after Mauritius, Seychelles and South Africa) and the fifth highest GDP per capita (PPP) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabonese Democratic Party
The Gabonese Democratic Party (french: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG), is the ruling and dominant political party of Gabon. Between 1968 and 1990 it was the sole legal party. History The party was established as the Gabonese Democratic Bloc (''Bloc Démocratique Gabonais'', BDG) in 1953 as a merger of the Gabonese Mixed Committee and the Gabonese Democratic Party.Messi Me Nang Clotaire, N’Foule Mba Fabrice & Nnang Ndong Léon-ModestLe consensus politique au Gabon, de 1960 à nos jours In the 1957 Territorial Assembly elections it won eight seats, finishing behind the Gabonese Democratic and Social Union (UDSG), which had won 14 seats. However, the BDG was able to form a coalition government with the "Entente–Defence of Gabonese Interests" list, headed by one of its members, and five independents. The BGD and UDSG formed an alliance prior to the 1961 general elections, with BDG leader Léon M'ba as the sole presidential candidate, and a joint "National Union ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gendarmerie
Wrong info! --> A gendarmerie () is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term ''gendarme'' () is derived from the medieval French expression ', which translates to " men-at-arms" (literally, "armed people"). In France and some Francophone nations, the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory (primarily in rural areas and small towns in the case of France), with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century, a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions (such as Lebanon, Syria, the Ivory Coast and the Republic of the Congo) adopted a gendarmerie after independence. A similar concept exists in Eastern Europe in the form of Internal Troops, which are present in many countries of the former Soviet Union and its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Darlington
Charles Francis Darlington, Jr. (September 13, 1904 – April 11, 1986)Ancestry.com. U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014 (database on-line). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2011. was an American diplomat and economist. He was United States Ambassador to Gabon from 1961 to 1964. Darlington was ambassador to Gabon during the 1964 coup d'état. He published books on his experiences in Africa including ''African Betrayal'' (1968). Early life and career Darlington was born September 13, 1904, in Manhattan. He earned an undergraduate degree from Harvard University and traveled overseas to pursue graduate studies at Oxford University and the University of Geneva. Darlington served as a gold expert in the economic and financial section at the League of Nations headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1928 to 1931. Shortly after, he worked at the Bank for International Settlements in Basel. Upon returning to the US in 1935, Darlington served the State Department ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Internment
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply mean imprisonment, it tends to refer to preventive confinement rather than confinement ''after'' having been convicted of some crime. Use of these terms is subject to debate and political sensitivities. The word ''internment'' is also occasionally used to describe a neutral country's practice of detaining belligerent armed forces and equipment on its territory during times of war, under the Hague Convention of 1907. Interned persons may be held in prisons or in facilities known as internment camps (also known as concentration camps). The term ''concentration camp'' originates from the Spanish–Cuban Ten Years' War when Spanish forces detained Cuban civilians in camps in order to more easily combat guerrilla forces. Over the followin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Emergency
A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can declare such a state during a natural disaster, civil unrest, armed conflict, medical pandemic or epidemic or other biosecurity risk. ''Justitium'' is its equivalent in Roman law—a concept in which the Roman Senate could put forward a final decree (''senatus consultum ultimum'') that was not subject to dispute yet helped save lives in times of strife. Relationship with international law Under international law, rights and freedoms may be suspended during a state of emergency, depending on the severity of the emergency and a government's policies. Use and viewpoints Though fairly uncommon in democracies, dictatorship, dictatorial regimes often declare a state of emergency that is prolonged indefinitely for the life of the regime, or for extended periods of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neocolonialism
Neocolonialism is the continuation or reimposition of imperialist rule by a state (usually, a former colonial power) over another nominally independent state (usually, a former colony). Neocolonialism takes the form of economic imperialism, globalization, cultural imperialism and conditional aid to influence or control a developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control (hegemony). Neocolonialism differs from standard globalisation and development aid in that it typically results in a relationship of dependence, subservience, or financial obligation towards the neocolonialist nation. This may result in an undue degree of political control or spiraling debt obligations, functionally imitating the relationship of traditional colonialism. Neocolonialism frequently affects all levels of society, creating neo-colonial systems that disadvantage local communities, such as neo-colonial science. Coined by the French p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabonese Democratic And Social Union
The Gabonese Social and Democratic Union (, UDSG) was a political party in Gabon. History The UDSG was established on 9 September 1947 by Jean-Hilaire Aubame,Wilson-André Ndombet (2009) ''Partis politiques et Unité nationale au Gabon (1957-1989)'', KARTHALA Editions, p54 and was affiliated with the African Regroupment Party. In the 1952 Territorial Assembly elections it won 14 of the 24 elected seats. It won the same number of seats in the 1957 elections, but the Assembly had been enlarged to 40 seats. Although the UDSG was the largest party, the Gabonese Democratic Bloc-led coalition gained a majority of seats. The party formed an alliance with the BDG for the 1961 general elections. The BDG's Léon M'ba was the sole presidential candidate and the two parties put forward a joint list for the National Assembly elections. Both M'ba and the joint list were unopposed. In the 1964 parliamentary elections the UDSG won 16 seats, whilst the BDG won 31. The party did not contes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Hilaire Aubame
Jean-Hilaire Aubame (10 November 1912 – 16 August 1989) was a Gabonese politician active during both the colonial and independence periods. The French journalist Pierre Péan said that Aubame's training "as a practicing Catholic and a customs official helped to make him an integrated man, one of whom political power was not an end in itself." Born into a Fang family, Aubame was orphaned at a young age. He was raised by the stepbrother of Léon M'ba, who became Aubame's chief political rival. Encouraged by his colleagues, Aubame entered politics, serving as Gabon's first representative in the National Assembly of France from 1946 to 1958. Aubame was also a leader in solving African problems, particularly developing the Gabonese standard of living and planning urban sites. Aubame's quick rise in Gabonese politics was spurred by the support of the missions and administration, whereas much of M'ba's strength came from the colonists. Despite a rivalry, Aubame and M'ba, now the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beti-Pahuin
The Beti-Pahuin are a Bantu people, Bantu ethnic group located in rain forest regions of Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe. Though they separate themselves into several individual clans, they all share a common origin, history and culture Estimated to be well over 8 million individuals in the early 21st century, they form the largest ethnic group in central Cameroon and its capital city of Yaoundé, in Gabon, and in Equatorial Guinea. Their Beti language, Beti languages are Mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible. Group distinctions The Beti-Pahuin are made up of over 20 individual clans. Altogether, they inhabit a territory of forests and rolling hills that stretches from the Sanaga River in the north to Equatorial Guinea and the northern halves of Gabon to Congo to the south, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the west to the Dja River in the east. Beti The first grouping, called the Beti, consists of the Ewondo (more pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867. Enrolling over 56,000 undergraduate and graduate students, the University of Illinois is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the country. The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". In fiscal year 2019, research expenditures at Illinois totaled $652 million. The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University. The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gabonese Mixed Committee
The Gabonese Mixed Committee (, CMG) was a political party in Gabon. History The CMG was established on 12 August 1946 by Léon M'ba,Messi Me Nang Clotaire, N’Foule Mba Fabrice & Nnang Ndong Léon-ModestLe consensus politique au Gabon, de 1960 à nos jours and was affiliated with the African Democratic Rally.Florence Bernault (1996) ''Démocraties ambiguës en Afrique centrale: Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, 1940-1965'', KARTHALA Editions, p220 In the 1952 Territorial Assembly elections it won two of the 24 elected seats. In August 1953 the CMG merged with the Gabonese Democratic Party The Gabonese Democratic Party (french: Parti Démocratique Gabonais, abbreviated PDG), is the ruling and dominant political party of Gabon. Between 1968 and 1990 it was the sole legal party. History The party was established as the Gabonese Dem ... to form the Gabonese Democratic Bloc. References Rassemblement Démocratique Africain Defunct political parties in Gabon 1946 establishments ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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