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Pallar
The Pallar, who prefer to be called Mallar, are an agricultural community from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The Pallars traditionally inhabited the fertile wetland area referred to as ''Marutham'' in the literary devices of the Sangam landscape. Today, they are the dominant Dalit community of southern Tamil Nadu and have developed a reputation for being assertive about their rights. Due to the demand of the pallar community to classify them under a more dignified generic name Devendrakula Velalar, recently they together with six other related castes have been given the name Devendrakula Velalar; however their original caste name remains valid and they are still part of the Scheduled Caste list. Etymology The ''Pallar'' name may be derived from ''pallam'', which means a pit or low-lying area. This aligns with their traditional occupation of cultivators of the low wetlands. There is literary evidence that suggests that Pallars were traditional farmers who produced large quantit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sri Lankan Pallar
Sri Lankan Pallar is a Tamil caste found in northern and eastern Sri Lanka. They are traditionally involved in agriculture and were also involved in toddy tapping and artisanal fishing. Etymology The ''Pallar'' name may be derived from ''pallam'', which means a pit or low-lying area. This aligns with their traditional occupation of cultivators of the low wetlands. There is literary evidence that suggests that Pallars were traditional farmers who produced large quantities of food grains, and that some were probably rulers in the Tamil region. The change of name from Mallar to Pallar is thought to have been imposed upon them after the decline of their rule, when the leaders ( Nayaks) of competing tribes wanted to suggest a degradation in status. The caste name is sometimes being spelled as ''Pallan''. The -"an" suffix is originally masculine singular and in colloquial usage often attached when implying disrespect. This usage has been observed for other service castes. The plural a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immanuvel Devendrar
Immanuvel Devendrar (9 October 1924 – 11 September 1957), who later took the name Immanuel Sekaran, was a freedom fighter, civil rights activist, former soldier and a party worker for the Indian National Congress in Tamil Nadu, India, who was murdered by a group of people from another caste. Early life Immanuvel Devendrar was born in Sellur, Mudukulathur, Tamil Nadu on 9 October 1924 to Vedhanayagam, a school teacher and founder of Devendra Kula Vellalar Sangam. Politics He took part in the Quit India movement from the age of 18 and was imprisoned for three months because of it. In 1945, he enlisted in the British Indian Army and, upon his discharge, he returned to his native Ramanathapuram district to work for the Indian National Congress party (INC). His time in the army had caused him to question the historic oppression of the Pallar caste in his district, which was particularly severe. Devendrar worked to improve the education, rights and representation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallava Dynasty
The Pallava dynasty existed from 275 CE to 897 CE, ruling a significant portion of the Deccan, also known as Tondaimandalam. The dynasty rose to prominence after the downfall of the Satavahana dynasty, with whom they had formerly served as feudatories. The Pallavas became a major South Indian power during the reign of Mahendravarman I (600–630 CE) and Narasimhavarman I (630–668 CE), and dominated the southern Andhra Region and the northern parts of the Tamil region for about 600 years, until the end of the 9th century. Throughout their reign, they remained in constant conflict with both the Chalukyas of Badami in the north, and the Tamil kingdoms of Chola and Pandyas in the south. The Pallavas were finally defeated by the Chola ruler Aditya I in the 9th century CE. The Pallavas are most noted for their patronage of Hindu temple architecture, the finest example being the Shore Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Mamallapuram. Kancheepuram served as the capital of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mukkulathor
The Mukkulathor people, who are also collectively known as Thevar, are a community or group of communities native to the central and southern districts of Tamil Nadu, India. They comprise the Agamudayar, Kallar and Maravar communities that share a common myth of origin and claim to have once been members of various ancient South Indian dynasties. Origins and development The terms and ' are used synonymously. According to R. Muthulakshmi of Madurai Kamaraj University, ' "literally means celestial beings or divine-natured people" and means "three clans united together". The three constituent communities of Agamudayar, Kallar and Maravar believe themselves to share a common myth of origin formed through being the offspring of a relationship between Indra and a celestial woman. The three groups traditionally each believe themselves to be superior to their fellow Mukkulathors. While they share a common mythological ancestor, the three communities also claim ancestral differences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1957 Ramnad Riots
The Ramnad riots or the Mudukulathur riots were a series of violent clashes that occurred between July and September 1957 in the Ramnad district and in southern Tamil Nadu, India. The violence was between Thevars supporting the Forward Bloc, and pro-Congress Dalit Pallars, and was triggered by a by-election held in the aftermath of the Madras Legislative Assembly elections of earlier that year. 42 Dalits were killed during the riots. Background Treatment of Dalits Ramanathapuram district was deemed to be infamous for its brutal caste based discrimination during the colonial era of the 1930s. Dalits were denied any type of symbols linked with superior social position. In his book, J. H. Hutton, the then Census Commissioner, explained the eight restrictions enforced on Dalits by Upper castes, including a ban on the use of jewellery, ornaments and education. This system was subsequently re-established with a stricter collection of 11 restrictions. Rise of Dalits In the 1930s, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Udayar (caste)
The Udayar is a title used by multiple caste system in India, caste in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Etymology The word ''Udayar'' in Tamil language, Tamil means ''Lord'' or ''Possessor'' as in ''Possessor of land or kingdom''. Present status According to Selva Raj, the Udayar are "socially humbler" than the Vellalar community but, together with the Pallar and Kallar(caste), Kallar, form the Marava castes, who are quite dominant in the region variously known as Ramnad and the Maravar country. Religion In Ramnad and the nearby areas of Pudukottai, Madurai, Salem, Namakkal, Tanjore and Trichy, they and their two fellow Maravar caste groups are prominent in their cult worship of the shrine at Oriyur that commemorates John de Britto, a 17th-century Portugal, Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr. Raj says, "A notable feature of the Britto cult is that it is centered around caste identities rather than religious affiliation", and thus members of the caste-group, irres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pallu (poetry)
Pallu (பள்ளு) is a genre of Tamil poetry that depicts the life of a Pallar farmer of southern India, his two wives, and his landlord in a satirical fashion. Genre Pallu poems are part of ''chitrilakiyangal'' in Tamil literature Tamil literature has a rich and long literary tradition spanning more than two thousand years. The oldest extant works show signs of maturity indicating an even longer period of evolution. Contributors to the Tamil literature are mainly from T ..., and were also known as 'aesal'. They were written during the Nayak rule. The first pallu poem was 'mukkoodar pallu'. Many pallu poems were written which include vaiyapuri pallu, sengottu pallu, thandigai kanagaraayan pallu. http://www.tamilvu.org/courses/degree/p103/p1033/html/p103325.htm References {{reflist Peasants Tamil-language literature Ballads Works about landlords ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaladi (caste)
Devendrakula Velalar is an agricultural community native to the southern, central and western districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The seven subcastes of Devendrakula Velalar are Devendra Kulathar, Kudumbar, Kadaiyar, Kaladi, Pallar, Pannadi and Vathiriyar. History The Devendrakula Velalars traditionally inhabited the fertile wetland area referred to as ''Marutham'' in the literary sources of the Sangam landscape. Vendan, also known as Devendra and is identified with Indra, is the god of the ''Marutham'' landscape and also one of the chief deities of the Devendrakula Velalars. Territorial Divisions The territorial divisions among the Devendrakula Velalar are Devendra, Chozhiya, Pandiya, Kongan, Eshwaran. The common honorofic titles used by the Devendrakula Velalars are "Devendrar", "Mallar", "Kudumbanar", "Vayakkarar", "Mooppanar", "Pannadi", "Mannadi", "Balaganar" and "Kaladi" varying according to their territorial divisions. Inscriptions According to Uthirameru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devendra Kulathan
Devendrakula Velalar is an agricultural community native to the southern, central and western districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The seven subcastes of Devendrakula Velalar are Devendra Kulathar, Kudumbar, Kadaiyar, Kaladi, Pallar, Pannadi and Vathiriyar. History The Devendrakula Velalars traditionally inhabited the fertile wetland area referred to as ''Marutham'' in the literary sources of the Sangam landscape. Vendan, also known as Devendra and is identified with Indra, is the god of the ''Marutham'' landscape and also one of the chief deities of the Devendrakula Velalars. Territorial Divisions The territorial divisions among the Devendrakula Velalar are Devendra, Chozhiya, Pandiya, Kongan, Eshwaran. The common honorofic titles used by the Devendrakula Velalars are "Devendrar", "Mallar", "Kudumbanar", "Vayakkarar", "Mooppanar", "Pannadi", "Mannadi", "Balaganar" and "Kaladi" varying according to their territorial divisions. Inscriptions According to Uthirameru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Devendrakula Velalar
Devendrakula Velalar is an agricultural community native to the southern, central and western districts of Tamil Nadu, India. The seven subcastes of Devendrakula Velalar are Devendra Kulathar, Kudumbar, Kadaiyar, Kaladi, Pallar, Pannadi and Vathiriyar. History The Devendrakula Velalars traditionally inhabited the fertile wetland area referred to as ''Marutham'' in the literary sources of the Sangam landscape. Vendan, also known as Devendra and is identified with Indra, is the god of the ''Marutham'' landscape and also one of the chief deities of the Devendrakula Velalars. Territorial Divisions The territorial divisions among the Devendrakula Velalar are Devendra, Chozhiya, Pandiya, Kongan, Eshwaran. The common honorofic titles used by the Devendrakula Velalars are "Devendrar", "Mallar", "Kudumbanar", "Vayakkarar", "Mooppanar", "Pannadi", "Mannadi", "Balaganar" and "Kaladi" varying according to their territorial divisions. Inscriptions According to Uthirameru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dalit
Dalit (from sa, दलित, dalita meaning "broken/scattered"), also previously known as untouchable, is the lowest stratum of the Caste system in India, castes in India. Dalits were excluded from the four-fold Varna (Hinduism), varna system of Hinduism and were seen as forming a avarna, fifth varna, also known by the name of ''Panchama''. Dalits now profess various religious beliefs, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Christianity, Islam. Scheduled Castes is the official term for Dalits as per the Constitution of India. History The term ''Dalit'' is a self-applied concept for those called the "untouchables" and others that were outside of the traditional Hindu caste hierarchy. Economist and reformer B. R. Ambedkar (1891–1956) said that untouchability came into Indian society around 400 CE, due to the struggle for supremacy between Buddhism and Historical Vedic religion, Brahmanism (an ancient term for Brahmanical Hinduism). Some Hindu priests befriended untouchables ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamils
The Tamil people, also known as Tamilar ( ta, தமிழர், Tamiḻar, translit-std=ISO, in the singular or ta, தமிழர்கள், Tamiḻarkaḷ, translit-std=ISO, label=none, in the plural), or simply Tamils (), are a Dravidian ethno-linguistic group who trace their ancestry mainly to India’s southern state of Tamil Nadu, union territory of Puducherry and to Sri Lanka. Tamils who speak the Tamil Language and are born in Tamil clans are considered Tamilians. Tamils constitute 5.9% of the population in India (concentrated mainly in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry), 15% in Sri Lanka (excluding Sri Lankan Moors), 7% in Malaysia, 6% in Mauritius, and 5% in Singapore. From the 4th century BCE, urbanisation and mercantile activity along the western and eastern coasts of what is today Kerala and Tamil Nadu led to the development of four large Tamil empires, the Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas, and Pallavas and a number of smaller states, all of whom were warring amongst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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