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POLR2A
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB1, also known as RPB1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2A'' gene. Function This gene encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains a carboxy terminal domain composed of heptapeptide repeats that are essential for polymerase activity. These repeats contain serine and threonine residues that are phosphorylated in actively transcribing RNA polymerase. In addition, this subunit, in combination with several other polymerase subunits, forms the DNA-binding domain of the polymerase, a groove in which the DNA template is transcribed into RNA. Interactions POLR2A has been shown to interact with: * BRCA1, * CREBBP, * CTDP1, * CDK8, * GTF2B, * GTF2F1, * GTF2H4, * MED21, * MED26, * PCAF, * POLR2C, * POLR2E, * POLR2H, * POLR2L, * PQBP1, * SMARCA2, * SMARCA4 * SMARCB1, * SMYD3, * SND1, * SUPT5H, * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RNA Polymerase II
RNA polymerase II (RNAP II and Pol II) is a multiprotein complex that transcribes DNA into precursors of messenger RNA (mRNA) and most small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and microRNA. It is one of the three RNAP enzymes found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. A 550 kDa complex of 12 subunits, RNAP II is the most studied type of RNA polymerase. A wide range of transcription factors are required for it to bind to upstream gene promoters and begin transcription. Discovery Early studies suggested a minimum of two RNAPs: one which synthesized rRNA in the nucleolus, and one which synthesized other RNA in the nucleoplasm, part of the nucleus but outside the nucleolus. In 1969, science experimentalists Robert Roeder and William Rutter definitively discovered an additional RNAP that was responsible for transcription of some kind of RNA in the nucleoplasm. The finding was obtained by the use of ion-exchange chromatography via DEAE coated Sephadex beads. The technique separated the enzymes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TATA-binding Protein
The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is a general transcription factor that binds specifically to a DNA sequence called the TATA box. This DNA sequence is found about 30 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site in some eukaryotic gene promoters. TBP gene family TBP is a member of a small gene family of TBP-related factors. The first TBP-related factor (TRF/TRF1) was identified in the fruit fly Drosophila, but appears to be fly or insect-specific. Subsequently TBPL1/TRF2 was found in the genomes of many metazoans, whereas vertebrate genomes encode a third vertebrate family member, TBPL2/TRF3. In specific cell types or on specific promoters TBP can be replaced by one of these TBP-related factors, some of which interact with the TATA box similarly to TBP. Role as transcription factor TBP is a subunit of the eukaryotic general transcription factor TFIID. TFIID is the first protein to bind to DNA during the formation of the transcription preinitiation complex of RNA po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MED26
Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 26 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MED26'' gene. It forms part of the Mediator complex. The activation of gene transcription is a multistep process that is triggered by factors that recognize transcriptional enhancer sites in DNA. These factors work with co-activators to direct transcriptional initiation by the RNA polymerase II apparatus. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the CRSP (cofactor required for SP1 activation) complex, which, along with TFIID, is required for efficient activation by SP1. This protein is also a component of other multisubunit complexes e.g. thyroid hormone receptor-(TR-) associated proteins which interact with TR and facilitate TR function on DNA templates in conjunction with initiation factors and cofactors. Activity MED26 is a transcription elongation factor that increases the overall transcription rate of RNA polymerase II by reactivating transcription elongation com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TAF11
Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 11 also known as TAFII28, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TAF11'' gene. Function Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes a small subunit of TFIID that is present in all TFIID complexes and interacts with TBP. This su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SUPT5H
Transcription elongation factor SPT5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SUPT5H'' gene. Interactions SUPT5H has been shown to interact with: * CDK9, * Cyclin-dependent kinase 7, * HTATSF1, * PIN1, * POLR2A, * PRMT1 and * Protein arginine methyltransferase 5. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of SUPT5H function. A conditional knockout mouse line called ''Supt5tm2a(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen In genetics, the phenotype () is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism. The term covers the organism's morphology or physical form and structure, its developmental processes, its biochemical and physiological proper ... to determine the effects of deletion. Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SND1
Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1 also known as 100 kDa coactivator or Tudor domain-containing protein 11 (TDRD11) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SND1'' gene. SND1 is a main component of RISC complex and plays an important role in miRNA function. SND1 is Tudor domain containing protein and Tudor Proteins are highly conserved proteins and even present in Drosophila melanogaster. SND1 is also involved in Autism. Clinical significance SND1 acts as oncogene in many cancers and in hepatocellular carcinoma progression. SND1 promotes tumor angiogenesis in human hepatocellular carcinoma through a novel pathway which involves NF-kappaB and miR-221. SND1 promotes migration and invasion via angiotensin II type 1 receptor and TGFβ signaling. SND1 expression is regulated by Mir-184 in gliomas. Interactions SND1 has been shown to interact with MYB, * PIM1, POLR2A, RBPJ, and STAT6 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMYD3
SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of Zeste, Trithorax) and MYND (myeloid-Nervy-DEAF-1) domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMYD3'' gene. Function SMYD3 is a lysine methyltransferase which specifically methylates H3K4 and H4K5. SMYD3 plays a role in transcriptional regulation as a member of an RNA polymerase complex. It is also involved in cancer regulation. Expression SMYD3 is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscles and the testis. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of SMYD3 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Smyd3tm2a(KOMP)Wtsi'' was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists — at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMARCB1
SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCB1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that relieves repressive chromatin structures, allowing the transcriptional machinery to access its targets more effectively. The encoded nuclear protein may also bind to and enhance the DNA joining activity of HIV-1 integrase. This gene has been found to be a tumor suppressor and mutations in it have been associated with malignant rhabdoid tumors. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactions SMARCB1 has been shown to interact with: * ARID1A, * BAZ1B, * BRCA1, * CREB-binding protein, * Cyclin-dependent kinase 8, * Myc, * P53, * POLR2A, * PPP1CA, * PPP1CB, * PPP1CC, * PPP1R15A, * SMARCA2, * SMARCA4, * SMARCC1, * SMARCE1, * SS18, and * XPO1 Exportin 1 (XPO1), also known as chromosomal region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMARCA4
Transcription activator BRG1 also known as ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SMARCA4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCA4'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. In addition, this protein can bind BRCA1, as well as regulate the expression of the tumorigenic protein CD44. BRG1 works to activate or repress transcription. Having functional BRG1 is important for development past the pre-implantation stage. Without having a functional BRG1, exhibited with knockout research, the embryo will not hatch out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SMARCA2
Probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCA2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the SWI/SNF family of proteins and is highly similar to the brahma protein of Drosophila. Members of this family have helicase and ATPase activities and are thought to regulate transcription of certain genes by altering the chromatin structure around those genes. The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SNF/SWI, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, which contains a trinucleotide repeat (CAG) length polymorphism. Interactions SMARCA2 has been shown to interact with: * ACTL6A, * ARID1B, * CEBPB, * POLR2A, * Prohibitin, * SIN3A, * SMARCB1, * SMARCC1, and * SS18 Protein SSXT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SS18'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
POLR2L
DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2L'' gene. Function This gene encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes. The product of this gene contains four conserved cysteines characteristic of an atypical zinc-binding domain. Like its counterpart in yeast, this subunit may be shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases. Interactions POLR2L has been shown to interact with POLR2C, POLR2A, POLR2B and POLR2E DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2E'' gene. This gene encodes the fifth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-11-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
POLR2H
DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2H'' gene. This gene encodes one of the essential subunits of RNA polymerase II that is shared by the other two eukaryotic DNA-directed RNA polymerases, I and III. Interactions POLR2H has been shown to interact with POLR2C, POLR2G, POLR2A, POLR2B and POLR2E DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''POLR2E'' gene. This gene encodes the fifth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-3-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
