|
PGNiG
Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo S.A. ( en: Polish Oil Mining and Gas Extraction S.A.), abbreviated to PGNiG, is a Polish state-controlled oil and gas company, headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. The company has branches and representative offices in Russia, Pakistan, Belarus and Ukraine and holds equity interests in some 30 subsidiaries, including providers of specialist geophysical, drilling and well services. PGNiG is one of the largest companies in Poland, the largest Polish oil and gas exploration and production company and is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. History Foundation and early history (1976–1995) PGNiG was established as a state-owned enterprise on September 1, 1982. The company is a successor of the Union of Oil and Gas Mining, which was created by a merger of the Polish Union of Gas Industry and the Oil Industry Union in 1976. Company development (1996–2012) In 1996, the company was transformed into a joint-stock company, owned by the sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yamal–Europe Pipeline
The Yamal–Europe natural gas pipeline is a pipeline connecting Russian natural gas fields in the Yamal Peninsula and Western Siberia with Poland and Germany, through Belarus. In Gazprom's development project nomenclature the pipeline consists of four sections, Bovanenkovo–Ukhta (), Ukhta–Torzhok (), the western section from Torzhok also confusingly named Yamal–Europe (), and the partly parallel SRTO–Torzhok branch section (). History Planning for the Yamal–Europe pipeline started in 1992. Intergovernmental treaties between Russia, Belarus and Poland were signed in 1993. In 1994, Wingas started building the Poland section of the pipeline. The first gas was delivered to Germany through the Belarus-Polish corridor in 1997. The Belarus and Polish sections were completed in September 1999. Construction of the Bovanenkovo–Ukhta section started in December 2008, at about the same time drilling of the first production well in the Bovanenkovo gas field started. The pipeli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piotr Woźniak (politician)
Piotr Grzegorz Woźniak (born 13 February 1956 in Warsaw) is a Polish public servant and geologist. Between 2005–2007 he served as Minister of Economy, between 2011–2013 he was Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Environment and Chief State Geologist, since 2016 he has been serving as President of the Management Board of the Polish Oil and Gas Company (PGNiG). Education and career Piotr Woźniak graduated from Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, in 1980. Between 1980–1984 and 1986–1989 he worked as assistant at the Polish Geological Institute. Between 1990–1991 he served as an advisor to the Minister of Industry, and chaired the Committee for Appointment of Government Representative for Promotion of Entrepreneurship. Between 1992-1996 he was Trade Commissioner in Montreal, part of the Polish Embassy in Ottawa. Between 1997–1998 he served as President of the Polish-American Corporation for Technology Transfer PAKTO S.A. Until 2000 he worked under Jerzy Buz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PKN Orlen
Polski Koncern Naftowy Orlen Spółka Akcyjna (PKN Orlen S.A.), commonly known as Orlen, is a Polish oil refiner and petrol retailer. The corporation is a significant European publicly traded firm with major operations in Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, and the Baltic states as well as an operation in Canada. In February 2022, the Polish state was the first shareholder of the company with 27.52% of the shares. PKN Orlen is the fourth largest company in Central and Eastern Europe and is listed in global rankings such as ''Fortune'' Global 500, Platts TOP250 and Thompson Reuters TOP100. History Foundation (1999) The firm was created through the merger of two state-run petrochemical firms: C.P.N. (Centrala Produktów Naftowych), Communist Poland's petroleum retail monopoly and Petrochemia Płock, the state firm in charge of the oil refineries in Płock, the largest complex of its kind in Poland. After the merger of CPN and Petrochemia Płock in 1999, the company was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Świnoujście LNG Terminal
Świnoujście LNG terminal (also referred as Terminal LNG in Świnoujście, Polskie LNG or Baltic LNG) is a liquefied natural gas import terminal at Świnoujście, Poland. It is operated by Polskie LNG S.A., a subsidiary of Gaz-System. History Discussions about the project started in 2006. The project was originally developed by PGNiG through its subsidiary Polskie LNG S.A. In January 2008, SNC-Lavalin was chosen for the front-end engineering design. The engineering, procurement and construction contract was signed with a consortium of Saipem, Techint, Snamprogetti, and PBG. Construction started in March 2011. After creation of Gaz-System and its separation from PGNiG, the newly created company took over the ownership of Polskie LNG S.A. The terminal was inaugurated by prime minister Ewa Kopacz on 12 October 2015. The gas carrier has delivered the first order on 11 December 2015. Technical description The terminal has unloading jetty for large LNG tankers, two storage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qatargas
Qatargas is the world's largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) company. It produces and supplies the globe with 77 million metric tonnes of LNG annually from across its seven ventures—Qatargas 1, Qatargas 2, Qatargas 3, Qatargas 4, RL1, RL2 and RL3. It is headquartered in Doha, Qatar, and maintains its upstream assets in Ras Laffan, Qatar. Natural gas is supplied to Qatargas's LNG trains from Qatar's North Field, by far the world's largest non-associated gas field. It reached a record LNG production of 77 million tonnes per year in December 2010. History Qatargas (Qatargas Liquefied Gas Company Limited) was established in 1984 as a joint venture between QatarEnergy, ExxonMobil and other partners. In the following years the company began developing the North Field and erected the first three LNG trains (Train 1, 2 and 3) with a design capacity of 3.3 million tonnes per year each. The trains were built in 1996, 1997 and 1998 respectively. The company executed the fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4, with some mixture of ethane, C2H6) that has been cooled down to liquid form for ease and safety of non-pressurized storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state (at standard conditions for temperature and pressure). LNG is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Hazards include flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and asphyxia. The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural gas is then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure by cooling it to approximately ; maximum transport pressure is set at around (gauge pressure), which is about one-fourth times atmospheric pressure at sea level. The gas extracted from underground hydrocarbon deposits contains a varying mix of hy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomaszów Mazowiecki W Województwie łódzkim, PL, EU
Tomaszów may refer to the following places in Poland: * Tomaszów Bolesławiecki, village in Lower Silesian Voivodeship * Tomaszów, Lublin Voivodeship, village in Puławy County * Tomaszów Lubelski County, county in Lublin Voivodeship ** Tomaszów Lubelski, town and county seat * Tomaszów Mazowiecki County, county in Łódź Voivodeship ** Tomaszów Mazowiecki, town and county seat * Tomaszów, Opoczno County, village in Łódź Voivodeship * Tomaszów, Radomsko County, settlement in Łódź Voivodeship * Tomaszów, Gmina Opatów, village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship * Tomaszów, Gmina Tarłów, village in Opatów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship * Tomaszów, Pińczów County, village in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship * Tomaszów, Radom County Tomaszów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skaryszew, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship The Masovian Voivodeship, also known as the Mazovia Province ( pl, województwo mazowieckie ) is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Russia–Ukraine Gas Dispute
In 2009, Russian natural gas company Gazprom refused to conclude a supply contract unless Ukrainian gas company Naftogaz paid its accumulating debts for previous gas supplies. The dispute began in the closing weeks of 2008 with a series of failed negotiations, and on January 1, 2009 Russia cut off gas supplies to Ukraine. On January 7 the dispute turned to crisis when all Russian gas flows through Ukraine were halted for 13 days, completely cutting off supplies to Southeastern Europe, most of which depends on Russian gas, and partially to other European countries.The Russo-Ukrainian gas dispute of January 2009: a comprehensive assessment |
Hydraulic Fracturing
Fracking (also known as hydraulic fracturing, hydrofracturing, or hydrofracking) is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of bedrock formations by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. Hydraulic fracturing began as an experiment in 1947, and the first commercially successful application followed in 1950. As of 2012, 2.5 million "frac jobs" had been performed worldwide on oil and gas wells, over one million of those within the U.S. Such treatment is generally necessary to achieve adequate flow rates in shale gas, tight gas, tig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chevron Corporation
Chevron Corporation is an American multinational energy corporation. The second-largest direct descendant of Standard Oil, and originally known as the Standard Oil Company of California (shortened to Socal or CalSo), it is headquartered in San Ramon, California, and active in more than 180 countries. Chevron is engaged in every aspect of the oil and natural gas industries, including hydrocarbon exploration and production; refining, marketing and transport; chemicals manufacturing and sales; and power generation. Chevron traces its history back to the 1870s. The company grew quickly after the breakup of Standard Oil by acquiring companies and partnering with others, especially Texaco. Socal was one of the Seven Sisters that dominated the global petroleum industry from the mid-1940s to the 1970s. In 1985, Socal merged with the Pittsburgh-based Gulf Oil and rebranded as Chevron; the newly-merged company later merged with Texaco in 2001. Today, Chevron manufactures and sells fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Warsaw
Warsaw ( pl, Warszawa, ), officially the Capital City of Warsaw,, abbreviation: ''m.st. Warszawa'' is the capital and largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the River Vistula in east-central Poland, and its population is officially estimated at 1.86 million residents within a greater metropolitan area of 3.1 million residents, which makes Warsaw the 7th most-populous city in the European Union. The city area measures and comprises 18 districts, while the metropolitan area covers . Warsaw is an Alpha global city, a major cultural, political and economic hub, and the country's seat of government. Warsaw traces its origins to a small fishing town in Masovia. The city rose to prominence in the late 16th century, when Sigismund III decided to move the Polish capital and his royal court from Kraków. Warsaw served as the de facto capital of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1795, and subsequently as the seat of Napoleon's Duchy of Warsaw. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Ukrainian War
The Russo-Ukrainian War; uk, російсько-українська війна, rosiisko-ukrainska viina. has been ongoing between Russia (alongside Russian separatist forces in Donbas, Russian separatists in Ukraine) and Ukraine since February 2014. Following Ukraine's Revolution of Dignity, Russia Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, annexed Crimea from Ukraine and supported pro-Russian separatists in the War in Donbas (2014–2022), war in Donbas against Ukrainian government forces; fighting for the first eight years of the conflict also included List of Black Sea incidents involving Russia and Ukraine, naval incidents, Russian–Ukrainian cyberwarfare, cyberwarfare, and Russia–Ukraine relations, heightened political tensions. In February 2022, the conflict saw a major escalation as Russia launched a 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, full-scale invasion of Ukraine. In early 2014, pro-Russian Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych was ousted from office as a r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
