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Pōhā
Pōhā are traditional Māori bags made from southern bull kelp, which are used to carry and store food and fresh water, to propagate live shellfish, and to make clothing and equipment for sports. Pōhā are especially associated with Ngāi Tahu, who have legally recognised rights for harvesting source species of kelp. Construction Blades from southern bull kelp (rimurapa in Māori) species such as ''Durvillaea antarctica'' and '' D. poha'' (named after the pōhā) were used to construct the bags. The kelp blades have a 'honeycomb' structure,Maggy WassilieffSeaweed - Bull kelp’s honeycombed structure ''Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand'', Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Updated 2 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010. which allows them to be split open, hollowed out (pōhā hau) and inflated into containers. Inflated blades are hung out to dry and then deflated and rolled up for transport. Tōtara bark can be used to cover and protect the bags. Uses Transport Pōhā are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea Poha
''Durvillaea poha'' is a large, robust species of southern bull kelp found in New Zealand. Discovery The species was previously classified as the "cape" lineage of ''Durvillaea antarctica'', but in 2012 it was recognised as a distinct species due to consistent genetic, morphological and ecological differences. In southern New Zealand, ''D. poha'' and ''D. antarctica'' frequently grow next to one another, although ''D. poha'' normally grows higher up or further back on rock platforms, or in more sheltered bays, where wave force is weaker. ''D. poha'' generally has wider fronds than ''D. antarctica'', and can appear more 'orange' across the frond area. Mitochondrial introgression has been observed between the two species, where some plants in Wellington exhibited the nuclear DNA of ''D. poha'' but also mitochondrial DNA belonging to ''D. antarctica''. Etymology The specific epithet is from pōhā, storage bags made by Māori out of kelp fronds. Description The species has wide, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea
''Durvillaea'' is a genus of large brown algae in the monotypic family Durvillaeaceae. All members of the genus are found in the southern hemisphere, including Australia, New Zealand, South America, and various subantarctic islands. ''Durvillaea'', commonly known as southern bull kelps, occur on rocky, wave-exposed shorelines and provide a habitat for numerous intertidal organisms. Many species exhibit a honeycomb-like structure in their fronds that provides buoyancy, which allows individuals detached from substrates to raft alive at sea, permitting dispersal for hundreds of days over thousands of kilometres. ''Durvillaea'' species have been used for clothing, tools and as a food source by many indigenous cultures throughout the South Pacific, and they continue to play a prominent role in Chilean cuisine. Common name and etymology The common name for ''Durvillaea'' is southern bull kelp, although this is often shortened to bull kelp, which can generate confusion with the North Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durvillaea Antarctica
''Durvillaea antarctica'', also known as ' and ', is a large, robust species of southern bull kelp found on the coasts of Chile, southern New Zealand, and Macquarie Island.Smith, J.M.B. and Bayliss-Smith, T.P. (1998). Kelp-plucking: coastal erosion facilitated by bull-kelp ''Durvillaea antarctica'' at subantarctic Macquarie Island, ''Antarctic Science'' 10 (4), 431–438. . ''D. antarctica'', an alga, does not have air bladders, but floats due to a unique honeycomb structure within the alga's blades, which also helps the kelp avoid being damaged by the strong waves.Maggy WassilieffSeaweed - Bull kelp’s honeycombed structure ''Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand'', Ministry of Culture and Heritage. Updated 2 March 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2010. Taxonomy The species was first described in 1822, as ''Fucus antarcticus'', and revised in 1892 as ''Durvillaea antarctica''. The genus name ''Durvillaea'' was given in memory of the French explorer Jules Dumont d'Urville, while the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Podocarpus Totara
''Podocarpus totara'' (; from the Maori-language ; the spelling "totara" is also common in English) is a species of podocarp tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows throughout the North Island and northeastern South Island in lowland, montane and lower subalpine forest at elevations of up to 600 m. Tōtara is commonly found in lowland areas where the soil is fertile and well drained. Description The tōtara is a medium to large tree, which grows slowly to around 20 to 25 m, exceptionally to 35 m; it is noted for its longevity and the great girth of its trunk. The bark peels off in papery flakes, with a purplish to golden brown hue. The sharp, dull-green, needle-like leaves are stiff and leathery, 2 cm long. This plant produces highly modified cones with two to four fused, fleshy, berry-like, juicy scales, bright red when mature. The cone contains one or two rounded seeds at the apex of the scales. The largest known living tōtara, the Pouakani Tree, near Pureora in the ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paphies Ventricosa
''Paphies ventricosa'', or toheroa (a Māori word meaning "long tongue"), is a large bivalve mollusc of the family Mesodesmatidae, endemic to New Zealand. Distribution It is found in both the North and South Islands, but the main habitat is the west coast of the North Island. The best grounds are wide fine-sand beaches where there are extensive sand-dunes, enclosing freshwater, which percolates to the sea, there promoting the growth of diatoms and plankton. Description The toheroa is a very large shellfish with a solid white, elongated shell with the apex at the middle. Maximum length is 117 mm, height 81 mm, and thickness 38 mm. Human use The toheroa has long been a popular seafood, often made into a greenish soup, for which it has an international reputation. Toheroa were translocated across New Zealand by Māori using (kelp bags) made from southern bull kelp (''Durvillaea poha''). It was over-exploited in the 1950s and 1960s, and there has been a ban on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surfing
Surfing is a surface water sport in which an individual, a surfer (or two in tandem surfing), uses a board to ride on the forward section, or face, of a moving wave of water, which usually carries the surfer towards the shore. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found on ocean shores, but can also be found in standing waves in the open ocean, in lakes, in rivers in the form of a tidal bore, or in wave pools. The term ''surfing'' refers to a person riding a wave using a board, regardless of the stance. There are several types of boards. The Moche of Peru would often surf on reed craft, while the native peoples of the Pacific surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such water craft. Ancient cultures often surfed on their belly and knees, while the modern-day definition of surfing most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing. Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, where a surfer rides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sooty Shearwater
The sooty shearwater (''Ardenna grisea'') is a medium-large shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae. In New Zealand, it is also known by its Māori name , and as muttonbird, like its relatives the wedge-tailed shearwater (''A. pacificus'') and the Australian short-tailed shearwater (''A. tenuirostris''). Taxonomy The sooty shearwater was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin under the binomial name ''Procellaria grisea''. The shearwater had been briefly described in 1777 by James Cook in the account of his second voyage to the Pacific, and in 1785 the English ornithologist John Latham had described a museum specimen. The sooty shearwater is now placed in the genus ''Ardenna'', that was introduced in 1853 by Ludwig Reichenbach. The genus name ''Ardenna'' was used to refer to a seabird by Italian naturalist Ulisse Aldrovandi in 1603, and the specific epithet ''grisea'' is medieval Latin for "grey". The species is considered to be mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pāua
Pāua is the Māori name given to three New Zealand species of large edible sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs which belong to the family Haliotidae (in which there is only one genus, ''Haliotis''), known in the United States and Australia as abalone, and in the United Kingdom as ormer shells. Pāua has entered English through common use in the New Zealand English dialect, and is both singular and plural, following the grammar rules of its original language. Species There are three species of New Zealand pāua: New Zealand's best known pāua species is ''Haliotis iris''. It is also the most common species, growing up to 18 cm (7") in width Habitat Pāua are commonly found in shallow coastal waters along rocky shorelines in depths of 1 to 10 metres (3' to 30'). There is clear distinction between juvenile and adult habitats for ''Haliotis iris'', pāua less than 7 cm (3") occur in crevices and under stones in the shallow intertidal zone while adults are f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sea Stars
Starfish or sea stars are star-shaped echinoderms belonging to the class Asteroidea (). Common usage frequently finds these names being also applied to ophiuroids, which are correctly referred to as brittle stars or basket stars. Starfish are also known as asteroids due to being in the class Asteroidea. About 1,900 species of starfish live on the seabed in all the world's oceans, from warm, tropical zones to frigid, polar regions. They are found from the intertidal zone down to abyssal depths, at below the surface. Starfish are marine invertebrates. They typically have a central disc and usually five arms, though some species have a larger number of arms. The aboral or upper surface may be smooth, granular or spiny, and is covered with overlapping plates. Many species are brightly coloured in various shades of red or orange, while others are blue, grey or brown. Starfish have tube feet operated by a hydraulic system and a mouth at the centre of the oral or lower surface. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landcare Research
Landcare may refer to: * Australian Landcare Council, a now superseded Australian government body * Landcare in Australia, umbrella approach promoting land protection in Australia * Landcare Research, New Zealand *The Landcare movement in Australia *The National Landcare Program, underpinned by Natural Heritage Trust legislation and government funding in Australia {{Disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Māori People
The Māori (, ) are the indigenous Polynesian people of mainland New Zealand (). Māori originated with settlers from East Polynesia, who arrived in New Zealand in several waves of canoe voyages between roughly 1320 and 1350. Over several centuries in isolation, these settlers developed their own distinctive culture, whose language, mythology, crafts, and performing arts evolved independently from those of other eastern Polynesian cultures. Some early Māori moved to the Chatham Islands, where their descendants became New Zealand's other indigenous Polynesian ethnic group, the Moriori. Initial contact between Māori and Europeans, starting in the 18th century, ranged from beneficial trade to lethal violence; Māori actively adopted many technologies from the newcomers. With the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, the two cultures coexisted for a generation. Rising tensions over disputed land sales led to conflict in the 1860s, and massive land confiscations, to which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
