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Pyrenophora
The fungal genus ''Pyrenophora'' includes 191 species, including the following plant pathogenic species: '' P. teres'', '' P. graminea'' and '' P. tritici-repentis''. ''P. teres'' (teleomorph ''Drechslera teres'') makes up to 3 conidia per conidiophore. It infects plants with an appressorium. It grows biotrophically in the first infected plant cell, but then switches to a necrotrophic growth mode. During necrotrophic growth the fungus can only be found in the plant apoplast Inside a plant, the apoplast can mean the space outside of cell membranes, where material can diffuse freely; that is, the extracellular spaces. ''Apoplast '' can also refer especially to the continuum of cell walls of adjacent cells; fluid and ma ... but not within plant cells. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Pleosporaceae {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora
The fungal genus ''Pyrenophora'' includes 191 species, including the following plant pathogenic species: '' P. teres'', '' P. graminea'' and '' P. tritici-repentis''. ''P. teres'' (teleomorph ''Drechslera teres'') makes up to 3 conidia per conidiophore. It infects plants with an appressorium. It grows biotrophically in the first infected plant cell, but then switches to a necrotrophic growth mode. During necrotrophic growth the fungus can only be found in the plant apoplast Inside a plant, the apoplast can mean the space outside of cell membranes, where material can diffuse freely; that is, the extracellular spaces. ''Apoplast '' can also refer especially to the continuum of cell walls of adjacent cells; fluid and ma ... but not within plant cells. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Pleosporaceae {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Teres F
The fungal genus ''Pyrenophora'' includes 191 species, including the following plant pathogenic species: '' P. teres'', '' P. graminea'' and '' P. tritici-repentis''. ''P. teres'' (teleomorph ''Drechslera teres'') makes up to 3 conidia per conidiophore. It infects plants with an appressorium. It grows biotrophically in the first infected plant cell, but then switches to a necrotrophic growth mode. During necrotrophic growth the fungus can only be found in the plant apoplast Inside a plant, the apoplast can mean the space outside of cell membranes, where material can diffuse freely; that is, the extracellular spaces. ''Apoplast '' can also refer especially to the continuum of cell walls of adjacent cells; fluid and ma ... but not within plant cells. References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Pleosporaceae {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Seminiperda
''Pyrenophora seminiperda'' is a minor plant pathogen that causes leaf spots on many grasses. It is an important generalist grass seed pathogen which causes visible cylindrical masses of black fungal hyphae (stromata) to grow from infected seeds. Hence the common name "black fingers of death" It has been hypothesized that the fungus arrived in North America with invasive grasses from Eurasia. BFOD has been suggested as a method of biocontrol of the invasive cheatgrass, one of the most important invasive species in the USA. Various secondary metabolites of the fungus, including Cytochalasin B Cytochalasin B, the name of which comes from the Greek ''cytos'' (cell) and ''chalasis'' (relaxation), is a cell-permeable mycotoxin. It was found that substoichimetric concentrations of cytochalasin B (CB) strongly inhibit network formation by act ..., Pyrenophoric Acid-B, and Spirostaphylotrichin W, appears to be responsible for the seed killing. References External links Dr. Erin Mordec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Tritici-repentis
''Pyrenophora tritici-repentis'' (teleomorph) and ''Drechslera tritici-repentis'' ( anamorph) is a necrotrophic plant pathogen of fungal origin, phylum Ascomycota. The pathogen causes a disease originally named yellow spot but now commonly called tan spot, yellow leaf spot, yellow leaf blotch or helminthosporiosis. CABI ISCbr>20001003003 At least eight races of the pathogen are known to occur based on their virulence on a wheat differential set. The tan (yellow) spot fungus was first described by Nisikado in 1923 in Japan. and was later identified in Europe, Australia and the USA, in the mid 1900s. The disease is one of the most important fungal disease on wheat and the fungal pathogen is found to infect in all parts of the world wherever wheat and other susceptible host crops are found. ''P. tritici-repentis'' overwinters on stubble, and due to recent heavily no-till/residue retention cultural practices, increased incidence and yield loss of up to 49% has been witnessed if id ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Teres
''Pyrenophora teres'' is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen of some plant species, the most significant of which are economically important agricultural crops such as barley. Toxins include aspergillomarasmine A and related compounds. Host & symptoms ''Pyrenophora teres'' is a plant pathogen that causes net blotch on barley (''Hordeum vulgare)''. It is a disease that is distributed worldwide, and can be found in all regions where barley is grown. Two economically significant forms of the pathogen exist, '' P. teres f. teres'' and '' P. teres f. maculata'', which give rise to net form of net blotch and spot form of net blotch, respectively. The distinction comes not from morphology, which is essentially the same in each, but rather by the differing manifestation of symptoms upon the infection of a host. Both forms induce chlorosis and necrosis, but the presentation of these symptoms, especially the shape and spread of necrotic lesions, is how they are distinguished. The symptoms of bo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Graminea
''Pyrenophora graminea'' is the causal agent of barley stripe. Barley stripe is disease of barley that once caused significant crop yield losses in many areas of the world. Its associated anamorph is Drechslera graminea (Rabenhorst ex Schlechtendal) S. Ito 1930. Identification Asexual stage: Pycnidia are rarely observed in nature. They are 70-176 μm in diameter, globose to pear-shaped, and develop superficially or partly submerged. The wall is thin and fragile and is yellow to brown, with a short ostiole. Pycnidiospores are 1.4-3.2 x 1.0-1.6 μm, spherical or ellipsoidal, hyaline, and nonseptate. Sexual stage: Perithecia are rare in nature, they occur in barley straw in the autumn. The perithecia are 576-728 x 442-572 μm. They are superficial to partly submerged and are elongate, with rigid setae on the surface. Acsi are club-shaped or cylindrical, clearly bitunicate, and rounded at the apex, with a short stalk at the base. Ascospores are 43-61 x 16-28 μm, light yellow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Avenae
''Pyrenophora avenae'' is a species of fungus in the family Pleosporaceae. It is a plant pathogen Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ..., causing leaf stripe, blotch or spot and seedling blight of oats. References Pyrenophora Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Oats diseases Fungi described in 1930 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenophora Chaetomioides
''Pyrenophora chaetomioides'' is a plant pathogen that affects oats. References External links Index FungorumUSDA ARS Fungal Database Pyrenophora Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Oats diseases Fungi described in 1891 {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pleosporaceae
Pleosporaceae is a family of sac fungi. The taxonomic relationship of this family to associated genera is still not determined. Genera As accepted by GBIF; * '' Acrothecium'' (13) * ''Alternaria'' Nees ex Wallroth, 1816 (841) * '' Alternariaster'' (14) * ''Bipolaris'' Shoemaker (179) * '' Briansuttonomyces'' (1) * '' Chalastospora'' (6) * '' Cleistotheca'' (1) * ''Cochliobolus'' (45) * ''Crivellia'' Shoemaker & Inderbitzin * ''Curvularia'' (497) * ''Decorospora'' ( Pat.) Inderbitzin, Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm, 2002 (3) * ''Dichotomophthora'' Mehrl. & Fitzp. ex M.B.Ellis, 1971 (17) * ''Drechslera'' (36) * '' Edenia'' (5) * '' Embellisia'' (3) * ''Exserohilum'' K.J. Leonard & Suggs (113) * ''Extrawettsteinina'' M.E. Barr (2) * '' Gibbago'' (2) * '' Halokirschsteiniothelia'' (3) * '' Johnalcornia'' (4) * ''Kriegeriella'' Höhn (4) * ''Lewia'' M.E. Barr & E.G. Simmons * ''Macrospora'' Fuckel (2) * '' Macrosporium'' (28) * '' Malustela'' (1) * '' Mycoporopsis'' (12) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoplast
Inside a plant, the apoplast can mean the space outside of cell membranes, where material can diffuse freely; that is, the extracellular spaces. ''Apoplast '' can also refer especially to the continuum of cell walls of adjacent cells; fluid and material flows occurring there or in any extacellular space are called ''apoplastic'' flow or apoplastic transport. The apoplastic route is one way by which water and solutes are transported and distributed to different places through tissues and organs; another way is symplastic flow. To prevent uncontrolled leakage to unwanted places, in certain areas there are barriers to the apoplastic flow: in roots the Casparian strip has this function larification needed On the outside of the skin of certain plant parts is a protective waxy film called plant cuticle to achieve this (protection against e.g. drying out, but also waterproofing against soaking). Air bubbles occupying extracellular spaces can also hinder apoplastic transport. The a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Necrotrophic
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true fun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Appressorium
An appressorium is a specialized cell typical of many fungal plant pathogens that is used to infect host plants. It is a flattened, hyphal "pressing" organ, from which a minute infection peg grows and enters the host, using turgor pressure capable of punching through even Mylar. Following spore attachment and germination on the host surface, the emerging germ tube perceives physical cues such as surface hardness and hydrophobicity, as well as chemical signals including wax monomers that trigger appressorium formation. Appressorium formation begins when the tip of the germ tube ceases polar growth, hooks, and begins to swell. The contents of the spore are then mobilized into the developing appressorium, a septum develops at the neck of the appressorium, and the germ tube and spore collapse and die. As the appressorium matures, it becomes firmly attached to the plant surface and a dense layer of melanin is laid down in the appressorium wall, except across a pore at the plant interface ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
