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Puccinia Recondita
''Puccinia recondita'' is a mushroom species belonging to the order of Pucciniales, family Pucciniaceae. Description This species occurs worldwide. Biology These fungi are endoparasites plant pathogens mainly infecting Balsaminaceae, Boraginaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Ranunculaceae and Poaceae (especially wheat and rye). Symptoms of infestation are yellowish to brown spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces of the host plants. *'' Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici'' C.O. Johnson - causes brown rust in wheat and triticale; *''Puccinia recondita f.sp. secalis'' Miedaner, Klocke, Flath, Geiger & Weber 2012 - causes brown rust of rye [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clematis Vitalba
''Clematis vitalba'' (also known as old man's beard and traveller's joy) is a shrub of the family Ranunculaceae. Description ''Clematis vitalba'' is a climbing shrub with branched, grooved stems, deciduous leaves, and scented greeny-white flowers with fluffy underlying sepals. The many fruits formed in each inflorescence have long silky appendages which, seen together, give the characteristic appearance of ''old man's beard''. The grooves along the stems of ''C. vitalba'' can easily be felt when handling the plant. This species is eaten by the larvae of a wide range of moths. This includes many species which are reliant on it as their sole foodplant; including small emerald, small waved umber and Haworth's pug. Range ''C. vitalba'' has a preference for base rich alkaline soils and moist climate with warm summers. The species is native to Eurasia and North Africa. United Kingdom In the UK it is a native plant and is common throughout England south of a line from the River M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anthoxanthum Odoratum
''Anthoxanthum odoratum'', known as sweet vernal grass, is a short-lived perennial grass that is native to acidic grassland in Eurasia and northern Africa. It is grown as a lawn grass and a house plant, due to its sweet scent, and can also be found on unimproved pastures and meadows. The specific epithet ''odoratum'' is Latin for 'odorous'. Description ''Anthoxanthum odaoratum'' is a short-lived perennial grass that grows in tufts with stems up to tall. The leaves are short and broad, wide, and glabrous to loosely hairy. It flowers in late spring and early summer, i.e. quite early in the season, with flower spikes of long and crowded spikelets of , oblong shaped, which can be quite dark when young. The lower lemmas have projecting awns. The ligules are quite long, up to , blunt, with hairy fringes around the side. The scent is particularly strong when dried, and is due to coumarin, a glycoside, and benzoic acid – it smells like fresh hay with a hint of vanilla. The see ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat Diseases
The cereal grain wheat is subject to numerous wheat diseases, including bacterial, viral and fungal diseases, as well as parasitic infestations. Principal diseases * Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV * Brown rust ''Puccinia recondita'' * Common bunt (aka Covered smut) ''Tilletia caries'' * Ergot ''Claviceps purpurea'' * Eyespot '' Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides'' * Glume blotch '' Septoria nodorum'' * septoria leaf blotch ''Mycosphaerella graminicola'', synonyms: ''Septoria tritici'', ''Zymoseptoria tritici'' * Mildew ''Erysiphe graminis'' * Seedling blight ''Fusarium'' spp., ''Septoria nodorum'' * Sharp eyespot ''Rhizoctonia cerealis'' * Spot blotch '' Biplolaris sorokiana'' * Take-all ''Gaeumannomyces graminis'' * Tan spot ''Pyrenophora tritici-repentis'' * Yellow rust ''Puccinia striiformis'' In Europe Cereals are at risk from numerous diseases due to the level of intensification necessary for profitable production since the 1970s. More recently varietal diversificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rye Diseases
This article is a list of diseases of rye (''Secale cereale''). Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Viral diseases {, class="wikitable" style="clear" ! colspan=2, Viral diseases , - , Barley yellow dwarf, , Barley yellow dwarf virus , - , Soilborne mosaic, , Wheat soil-borne mosaic virus , - , Wheat streak mosaic, , Wheat streak mosaic virus , - ReferencesCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society Lists of plant diseases, Rye Rye diseases, * Rye, diseases ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Plant Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Puccinia Species
This is an incomplete list of species in the fungal genus ''Puccinia''. Members of this genus are pathogens on all major cereal crop species except rice, and some cause large economic losses. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the widespread genus contains about 4000 species. *'' Puccinia abrotani'' *'' Puccinia abrupta'' *'' Puccinia acetosae'' *'' Puccinia achilleae'' *'' Puccinia adjuncta'' *'' Puccinia adoxae'' *'' Puccinia aegopodii'' *'' Puccinia agrophila'' *'' Puccinia akiraho'' *'' Puccinia albescens'' *'' Puccinia alboclava'' *'' Puccinia albulensis'' *'' Puccinia aletridis'' *''Puccinia allii'' *'' Puccinia amphigena'' *'' Puccinia andropogonis'' *'' Puccinia anemones-virginianae'' *''Puccinia angelicae'' *''Puccinia angustata'' *''Puccinia anisotomes'' *''Puccinia annularis'' *''Puccinia antenori'' *''Puccinia anthemidis'' *''Puccinia antirrhini'' *''Puccinia apii'' *''Puccinia arachidis'' *''Puccinia arenariae'' *'' Puccinia areolata' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thalictrum Flavum
''Thalictrum flavum'', known by the common names common meadow-rue, poor man's rhubarb, and yellow meadow-rue,Peder Skou is a flowering plant species in the family Ranunculaceae. It is a native to Caucasus and Russia (Siberia). Growing to tall by broad, it is an herbaceous perennial producing clusters of fluffy yellow fragrant flowers in summer. Description ''Thalictrum flavum'' has fibrous roots,Samuel F. Gray and wedge-shaped, dark green leaves, with a paler green underneath; they are divided into multiple sections. It blooms between June and August. The flowers are composed of short sepals and longer, erect stamens. The sepals are actually white, but the multiple erect, yellow stamens, give the flower a yellow appearance. Later, three fruits are formed from each flower head. Phytochemistry The plant contains an enzyme called pavine ''N''-methyltransferase, which modifies a variety of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids including the eponymous alkaloid pavine. Benzylisoquinol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triticum Aestivum
Common wheat (''Triticum aestivum''), also known as bread wheat, is a cultivated wheat species. About 95% of wheat produced worldwide is common wheat; it is the most widely grown of all crops and the cereal with the highest monetary yield. Taxonomy Numerous forms of wheat have evolved under human selection. This diversity has led to confusion in the naming of wheats, with names based on both genetic and morphological characteristics. List of common cultivars * Albimonte * Manital Phylogeny Bread wheat is an allohexaploid (an allopolyploid with six sets of chromosomes: two sets from each of three different species). Of the six sets of chromosomes, two come from ''Triticum urartu'' (einkorn wheat) and two from a species related to ''Aegilops speltoides''. This spontaneous hybridisation created the tetraploid species ''Triticum turgidum'' (an ancestor of wild emmer wheat and durum wheat) 580,000–820,000 years ago. The last two sets of chromosomes came from wild goat-gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thalictrum Alpinum
''Thalictrum alpinum'' is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names alpine meadow-rue and arctic meadow-rue. It is native to Arctic and alpine regions of North America and Eurasia, including Alaska, northern Canada, and Greenland, and it occurs in cold, wet, boggy habitats in high mountains farther south. Description Alpine meadow-rue is a rhizomatous perennial herb growing up to tall. The stems are erect and usually unbranched and leafless. Most of the leaves form a basal rosette, their compound blades are one to two pinnate and divided into small, triangular-ovate, scalloped leaflets. Each leaflet is longer than it is broad, slightly recurved, shiny dark green above and pale bluish-green below. The inflorescence is a raceme of flowers that arches over as the flowers and fruit develop. Each flower has a bell-shaped calyx of green or purplish sepals bearing up to fifteen long purple stamens tipped with large yellow anthers. There is a single c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hierochloe Odorata
''Hierochloe odorata'' or ''Anthoxanthum nitens'' (commonly known as sweet grass, manna grass, Mary’s grass or vanilla grass, and as holy grass in the UK, bison grass e.g. by Polish vodka producers) is an aromatic herb native to northern Eurasia and North America. It is considered sacred by many Indigenous peoples in Canada and the United States. It is used as a smudge, in herbal medicine and in the production of distilled beverages (e.g., Żubrówka, Wisent). It owes its distinctive sweet scent to the presence of coumarin. This variety of grass is distinct from the species commonly known as buffalo grass in Australia and the United States ('' Stenotaphrum secundatum'' and ''Bouteloua dactyloides'', respectively). Characteristics ''Hierochloe odorata'' is a very hardy perennial, able to grow to the Arctic Circle. Its leaves do not have rigid stems, so only grow to about in height, and then the leaves grow outward horizontally to long or more, by late summer. The base of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calamagrostis Stricta
''Calamagrostis stricta'', known as slim-stem small reed grass or narrow small-reed, is a species of bunchgrass in the family Poaceae of the Holarctic Kingdom. Description General description The species is perennial and caespitose with elongated rhizomes and long culms which are also erect. The leaf-sheaths are keelless and have a glabrous surface. It leaf-blades are by and are flat and stiff. The leaf-blade also have a ribbed and pubescent surface with scaberulous margins the apex of which is filiformed. The panicle is inflorescenced and lanceolate with the diameter being by . The main branches of the panicle are appressed and are long while the other branches are terete and scabrous. Spikelets and lemma Its spikelets are solitary, lanceolate, and are long. They have pedicelled fertile spikelets which are long, filiformed, and have the same features as the branches. The spikelets also carry fertile one which have a long rhachilla which is pilosed. It callus is hair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agrostis Canina
''Agrostis canina'', the velvety bentgrass, brown bent or velvet bent, is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. Description ''Agrostis canina'' is a perennial plant, with stolons but no rhizomes, and culms which grow to a height of up to . It is frequently confused with '' Agrostis vinealis'' (formerly treated as a subspecies or variety of ''A. canina''), which grows in more upland habitats and has rhizomes rather than stolons. The leaf blades are long and wide, with an acute or acuminate ligule up to long. The plant flowers from May to July, and the inflorescence is a panicle long and up to wide, with rough branches. Each spikelet is long; the lemma is long with an awn attached around the middle. Distribution and ecology The range of ''Agrostis canina'' covers most of Europe and temperate parts of Asia, and extends from sea level to the alpine zone. It has also been introduced to eastern North America, Hawaii, Algeria and the Kerguelen Islands. ''Agrosti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
