Pseudopterosin A

	Pseudopterosin A Pseudopterosin A is a diterpene glycoside isolated from the gorgonian sea whip ''Antillogorgia elisabethae ''Antillogorgia elisabethae'' is a species of soft coral found in the Caribbean Sea in the shape of a sea plume (also called a sea whip). It resides from depths of to , often at reef drop-offs. It looks like a plume of feathery appendages with ...'', found in the Bahamas and Florida Keys.A. Kohl, A. Ata, R. Kerr. ''J. Ind Microbiol Biotechnol'' (2003) 30: 495-499. Pseudopterosins A-D, which differ in the degree of acetylation at the sugar ring, were first isolated and reported in 1986. There are at least 25 unique diterpenes isolated from this species of marine animal. Samples of ''P. elisabethae'' from the Bahamas are found to have higher concentrations of pseudopterosins than populations from the Florida Keys, which have a greater diversity in diterpene structures. Uses Pseudopterosins have anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, with a mechanism of action different ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Diterpene Diterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of four isoprene units, often with the molecular formula C20H32. They are biosynthesized by plants, animals and fungi via the HMG-CoA reductase pathway, with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate being a primary intermediate. Diterpenes form the basis for biologically important compounds such as retinol, retinal, and phytol. They are known to be antimicrobial and antiinflammatory. Structures As with most terpenes a huge number of potential structures exists, which may be broadly divided according to the number of rings present. Biosynthesis Diterpenes are derived from the addition of one IPP unit to FPP to form geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate (GGPP). From GGPP, structural diversity is achieved mainly by two classes of enzymes; the diterpene synthases and cytochromes P450. Several diterpenes are produced by plants and cyanobacteria. GGPP is also the precursor for the synthesis of the phytane by the action of the enzyme geranylger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Glycoside In chemistry, a glycoside is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides. These can be activated by enzyme hydrolysis, which causes the sugar part to be broken off, making the chemical available for use. Many such plant glycosides are used as medications. Several species of ''Heliconius'' butterfly are capable of incorporating these plant compounds as a form of chemical defense against predators. In animals and humans, poisons are often bound to sugar molecules as part of their elimination from the body. In formal terms, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides can be linked by an O- (an ''O-glycoside''), N- (a ''glycosylamine''), S-(a ''thioglycoside''), or C- (a '' C-glycoside'') glycosidic bond. According to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pseudopterogorgia Elisabethae ''Antillogorgia elisabethae'' is a species of soft coral found in the Caribbean Sea in the shape of a sea plume (also called a sea whip). It resides from depths of to , often at reef drop-offs. It looks like a plume of feathery appendages with radial symmetry. The branches of ''A. elisabethae'' are pinnate and distichous, and will orient themselves in the direction of the ocean current. It ranges in size from to . It is considered commercially important as it is harvested for analgesics and cosmetic creams. The compound that is believed to cause its beneficial effects is Pseudopterosin A, a diterpene glycoside, a selective analgesic. ''A. elisabethae'' is also used in fish tanks as a part of the commercial pet industry. The species has a Least Concern conservation status. Reproduction The female exposes her eggs to the water current by placing them on her reproductive polyps. Sperm will eventually come into contact with the eggs, and the fertilized egg will develop into a p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of diterpenes and diterpenoids. It is also the precursor to carotenoids, gibberellins, tocopherols, and chlorophylls. It is also a precursor to geranylgeranylated proteins, which is its primary use in human cells. It is formed from farnesyl pyrophosphate by the addition of an isoprene unit from isopentenyl pyrophosphate. In ''Drosophila'', geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is synthesised by HMG-CoA encoded by the Columbus gene. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is utilised as a chemoattractant for migrating germ cells that have traversed the midgut epithelia. The attractant signal is produced at the gonadal precursors, directing the germ cells to these sites, where they will differentiate into eggs and spermatozoa (sperm). Related compounds * Farnesyl pyrophosphate * Geranylgeraniol * Geranyl pyrophosphate Geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), also known as geranyl diphosphate (GDP), is the pyrophosphate ester of the terpenoi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	GPP Cyclization To Elisabethatriene GPP may refer to: Places * Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan, United States Politics * Gambian People's Party, Gambia * German People's Party, a political party in Germany dissolved in 1933 * German People's Party (1868), a political party in Germany from 1868 to 1910 * German People's Party (Austria), a former political party in Austria * German People's Party (Romania), a former political party in Romania * Great Patriotic Pole, a Venezuelan political alliance * Goa Praja Party, Goa, India * Gujarat Parivartan Party, Gujarat, India Science and technology Biology and medicine * General physical preparedness * Generalized pustular psoriasis * Gross Primary Productivity * Gpp protein, which converts pppGpp to ppGpp during the stringent response Chemistry * Geranyl pyrophosphate Computing and telecommunications * 3GPP, a collaboration between telecommunications associations * GeForce Partner Program * General purpose preprocessor * Genuine People Personalities (Douglas Adam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Pseudopterosin A Biosynthetic Scheme Pseudopterosin may refer to: * Pseudopterosin A Pseudopterosin A is a diterpene glycoside isolated from the gorgonian sea whip ''Antillogorgia elisabethae ''Antillogorgia elisabethae'' is a species of soft coral found in the Caribbean Sea in the shape of a sea plume (also called a sea whip) ... * Pseudopterosin E {{disambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Phenol Glycosides Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula . It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile. The molecule consists of a phenyl group () bonded to a hydroxy group (). Mildly acidic, it requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns. Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks. It is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds. It is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials. Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs. Properties Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M). Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to wate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]