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Pseudomyrmex Triplarinus
''Pseudomyrmex triplarinus'' is a venomous species of ant that lives in symbiosis with trees of the genus ''Triplaris'', including the South American species '' T. americana'', '' T. cumingiama'', and '' T. felipensis''. The ant protects the trees against predation Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill th ... by other insects and animals. The ant's venom has anti-inflammatory properties. References Pseudomyrmecinae Insects described in 1850 {{ant-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugh Algernon Weddell
Hugh Algernon Weddell (22 June 1819 – 22 July 1877) was a physician and botanist, specialising in South American flora. Weddell was born at Birches House, Painswick near Gloucester, England but was raised in France and educated at the Lycée Henri IV, where he received a medical degree in 1841. He had also studied botany and became a respected member of the French botanical fraternity. While studying he accompanied Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (1797-1853) on numerous botanizing expeditions and he became a collaborator with Ernest Cosson (1819-1889) and Jacques Germain de Saint-Pierre (1815-1882) in the preparation of Flore des environs de Paris (1845). In 1843, he was invited to join the expedition of François Louis de la Porte, comte de Castelnau to South America, and he explored and collected botanical specimens on that continent for five years. In May 1845, Weddell left the expedition which was then in Paraguay, and proceeded on a solitary journey which would take him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Venom
Venom or zootoxin is a type of toxin produced by an animal that is actively delivered through a wound by means of a bite, sting, or similar action. The toxin is delivered through a specially evolved ''venom apparatus'', such as fangs or a stinger, in a process called envenomation. Venom is often distinguished from poison, which is a toxin that is passively delivered by being ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and toxungen, which is actively transferred to the external surface of another animal via a physical delivery mechanism. Venom has evolved in terrestrial and marine environments and in a wide variety of animals: both predators and prey, and both vertebrates and invertebrates. Venoms kill through the action of at least four major classes of toxin, namely necrotoxins and cytotoxins, which kill cells; neurotoxins, which affect nervous systems; myotoxins, which damage muscles; and haemotoxins, which disrupt blood clotting. Venomous animals cause tens of thousa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, must be of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens. Biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis."symbiosis." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triplaris
''Triplaris'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae. Ant tree is a common name for plants in this genus. The species are variously distributed in the Americas. Some species are used for lumber. They are dioecious pioneer species. Species and taxonomy Species include:The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species. Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 15 August 2012) *'' Triplaris americana'' L. *''Triplaris caracasana'' Cham. *''Triplaris cumingiana'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. *''Triplaris dugandii'' Brandbyge *''Triplaris fulva'' Huber *'' Triplaris gardneriana'' Wedd. *''Triplaris melaenodendron'' (Bertol.) Standl. & Steyerm. *'' Triplaris moyobambensis'' Brandbyge *''Triplaris peruviana'' Fisch. & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer *''Triplaris punctata'' Standl. *''Triplaris purdiae'' Meisn. *''Triplaris purdiei'' Meisn. *''Triplaris setosa'' Rusby *''Triplaris vestita'' Rusby *''Triplaris weigeltiana ''Triplaris ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southern subregion of a single continent called America. South America is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean; North America and the Caribbean Sea lie to the northwest. The continent generally includes twelve sovereign states: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; two dependent territories: the Falkland Islands and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; and one internal territory: French Guiana. In addition, the ABC islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, Ascension Island (dependency of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a British Overseas Territory), Bouvet Island ( dependency of Norway), Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triplaris Americana
''Triplaris americana'' is a species of flowering plant in the Polygonaceae, knotweed family known by many common names, including ant tree''Triplaris americana''. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk. or ''pau-formiga'' ("ant tree"),Haddad Junior, V., et al. (2009) The Triplaria tree (''Triplaris'' spp) and ''Pseudomyrmex'' ants: a symbiotic relationship with risks of attack for humans. ''Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical'' 42 6. ''guacamayo'', ''guayabo zancón'', ''hormiguero'', ''palo de Santa María'', ''tachí'', ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triplaris Cumingiama
''Triplaris'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae. Ant tree is a common name for plants in this genus. The species are variously distributed in the Americas. Some species are used for lumber. They are dioecious pioneer species. Species and taxonomy Species include:The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species. Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 15 August 2012) *''Triplaris americana'' L. *''Triplaris caracasana'' Cham. *''Triplaris cumingiana'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. *''Triplaris dugandii'' Brandbyge *''Triplaris fulva'' Huber *''Triplaris gardneriana'' Wedd. *''Triplaris melaenodendron'' (Bertol.) Standl. & Steyerm. *''Triplaris moyobambensis'' Brandbyge *''Triplaris peruviana'' Fisch. & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer *''Triplaris punctata'' Standl. *''Triplaris purdiae'' Meisn. *''Triplaris purdiei'' Meisn. *''Triplaris setosa'' Rusby *''Triplaris vestita'' Rusby *''Triplaris weigeltiana ''Tripla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triplaris Felipensis
''Triplaris'' is a genus of plants in the family Polygonaceae. Ant tree is a common name for plants in this genus. The species are variously distributed in the Americas. Some species are used for lumber. They are dioecious pioneer species. Species and taxonomy Species include:The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species. Version 1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 15 August 2012) *''Triplaris americana'' L. *''Triplaris caracasana'' Cham. *''Triplaris cumingiana'' Fisch. & C.A.Mey. *''Triplaris dugandii'' Brandbyge *''Triplaris fulva'' Huber *''Triplaris gardneriana'' Wedd. *''Triplaris melaenodendron'' (Bertol.) Standl. & Steyerm. *''Triplaris moyobambensis'' Brandbyge *''Triplaris peruviana'' Fisch. & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer *''Triplaris punctata'' Standl. *''Triplaris purdiae'' Meisn. *''Triplaris purdiei'' Meisn. *''Triplaris setosa'' Rusby *''Triplaris vestita'' Rusby *''Triplaris weigeltiana ''Tripla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill the host) and parasitoidism (which always does, eventually). It is distinct from scavenging on dead prey, though many predators also scavenge; it overlaps with herbivory, as seed predators and destructive frugivores are predators. Predators may actively search for or pursue prey or wait for it, often concealed. When prey is detected, the predator assesses whether to attack it. This may involve ambush or pursuit predation, sometimes after stalking the prey. If the attack is successful, the predator kills the prey, removes any inedible parts like the shell or spines, and eats it. Predators are adapted and often highly specialized for hunting, with acute senses such as vision, hearing, or smell. Many predatory animals, both vertebrate and inv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomyrmecinae
Pseudomyrmecinae is a small subfamily of ants containing only three genera of slender, large-eyed arboreal ants, predominantly tropical or subtropical in distribution. In the course of adapting to arboreal conditions (unlike the predominantly ground-dwelling myrmeciins), the pseudomyrmecines diversified and came to occupy and retain a much wider geographic range. Pseudomyrmecinae consists of 230 described species in three genera. Among those, 32 species live in plant domatia, making them the most diverse plant-occupying ant group worldwide. *Pseudomyrmecinae Smith, 1952 ** Pseudomyrmecini Smith, 1952 *** ''Myrcidris'' Ward, 1990 *** ''Pseudomyrmex'' Lund, 1831 *** ''Tetraponera ''Tetraponera'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae that are commonly known as slender ants and are characterized by their arboreal nature and slender bodies. The 96 described species of ''Tetraponera'' all of which live in hol ...'' Smith, 1852 References * * External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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