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Pseudocercosporella Herpotrichoides
''Tapesia yallundae'' is the causal agent for a variety of cereal and forage grass diseases. The anamorph of ''T. yallundae'' is the W-type strain of ''Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides''. The R-type strain of ''Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides'' is now known as '' Tapesia acuformis''. Morphology Produces two types of mycelium - one vegetative, yellow-brown, linear, and branching, the other dark and stromalike. Conidiophores are simple or sparingly branched. Conidia (1.5-3.5 x 37-70 μm) are hyaline, curved, and mostly five- to seven-celled. Sclerotia or sclerotialike stromatic mycelium, at first white to yellow-brown but later dark brown, may also be found on the lesions of infected plants. Black apothecia, 0.2 to 0.5 mm of diameter, form at the base of host culms. Apothecium contain cylindric to fusoid asci, of 35 to 38 µm x 5.9 to 7.4 µm. Ascospores are hyaline, fusoid, 0-1 septate, with a rounded end and an average size of 8.9 µm (7. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomyce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascomycetes
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defining feature of this fungal group is the " ascus" (), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Familiar examples of sac fungi include morels, truffles, brewers' and bakers' yeast, dead man's fingers, and cup fungi. The fungal symbionts in the majority of lichens (loosely termed "ascolichens") such as ''Cladonia'' belong to the Ascomycota. Ascomycota is a monophyletic group (it contains all descendants of one common ancestor). Previously placed in the Deuteromycota along with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (or anamorphic) ascomycetes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helotiales
Helotiales is an order of the class Leotiomycetes within the division Ascomycota. The taxonomy within Helotiales has been debated. It has expanded significantly as genomic techniques for taxonomical identification have become more commonly used. , the order is estimated to contain 30 accepted families, 519 genera, and 6266 species. Helotiales is the largest order of non-stromatic discomycetes that usually, but not always, have brightly coloured apothecia. Many members of the family have obviously cup-shaped ascomata with little or no stipes. They are usually found fruiting on coarse or large wood debris as well as on other organic matter. Part of these discomycetes are limited to a specific host range, this goes as far as to not just being limited to one particular plant, additionally some species need a particular part of that plant. Description *Helotiales is distinguished by its disc or cup-shaped apothecia. *Its asci are only slightly thickened in contrast to other Leot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dermateaceae
The Dermateaceae is a family of cup fungi in the order Helotiales. Most species in this family are plant pathogens but some are saprobes. Genera This is a list of genera in the family, based on the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota. '' Aivenia'' — '' Angelina'' — '' Anthopsis'' — '' Ascluella'' — ''Atropellis'' — '' Belonopsis'' — '' Blumeriella'' — '' Calloria'' — '' Calloriella'' — ''Cashiella'' — ''Cejpia'' — '' Chaetonaevia'' — ''Chlorosplenium'' — '' Coleosperma'' — ''Coronellaria'' — ''Crustomollisia'' — ''Cryptohymenium'' — ''Dennisiodiscus'' — ''Dermateopsis'' — ''Dermea'' — ''Dibeloniella'' — ''Diplocarpa'' — ''Diplocarpon'' — ''Diplonaevia'' — ''Discocurtisia'' — ''Discohainesia'' — '' Drepanopeziza'' — '' Duebenia'' — '' Durandiella'' — '' Eupropolella'' — '' Felisbertia'' — '' Graddonia'' &m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapesia
''Tapesia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Mollisiaceae. It contains 120 known species but the validity of some is nomen dubium, doubtful. Species * ''Tapesia airae'' * ''Tapesia alba'' * ''Tapesia amoris'' * ''Tapesia angelicae'' * ''Tapesia annae'' * ''Tapesia apocrypta'' * ''Tapesia arachnoidea'' * ''Tapesia atrospora'' * ''Tapesia aurantiaca'' * ''Tapesia aurata'' * ''Tapesia avium'' * ''Tapesia badia'' * ''Tapesia balsamicola'' * ''Tapesia bipunctata'' * ''Tapesia brachycarpa'' * ''Tapesia brevispora'' * ''Tapesia bromeliacearum'' * ''Tapesia byssina'' * ''Tapesia byssiseda'' * ''Tapesia callunae'' * ''Tapesia caricina'' * ''Tapesia caricis-firmae'' * ''Tapesia carnosa'' * ''Tapesia carpathica'' * ''Tapesia caulium'' * ''Tapesia centaureae'' * ''Tapesia chlorotica'' * ''Tapesia cinerea'' * ''Tapesia cinerella'' * ''Tapesia citrinopigmentosa'' * ''Tapesia citrinopigmentosa'' * ''Tapesia clinopodii'' * ''Tapesia coloradensis'' * ''Tapesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tapesia Acuformis
''Tapesia acuformis'' is the causal agent for a variety of cereal and forage grass diseases. The anamorph of ''T. acuformis'' was formerly known as the R-type strain of ''Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides''. The W-type strain of ''P. herpotrichoides'' is now known as '' T. yallundae''. Management '' Agropyron elongatum''s genetic resistance to this disease is useful to introgress into wheat. See also * List of rye diseases * List of wheat diseases This article is a list of diseases of wheat (''Triticum'' spp.) grouped by causative agent. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Viral diseases Phytoplasmal diseases Nematodes, parasitic References Common Names of Diseases, The Amer ... References Fungal plant pathogens and diseases Rye diseases Wheat diseases Dermateaceae {{fungus-plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyespot (wheat)
Eyespot is an important fungal disease of wheat caused by the necrotrophic fungus Tapesia yallundae (syn: ''Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides''; W-type namorph ''Oculimacula yallundae'') and Tapesia acuformis (syn: ''Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides''; R-type namorph ''Oculimacula acuformis''). It is also called Strawbreaker. Eyespot is more severe where wheat is grown continuously and when the weather is cool and moist. Treating crops against eyespot with fungicide costs millions to farmers and is complicated by the pathogen becoming resistant to the more commonly used fungicides. Severe cases of the disease can reduce yield by up to 40%. It is most common in temperate regions such as North and South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Africa.Hollmann, M. (n.d.). Eyespot of Wheat, Retrieved October 27, 2007, fro/ref> Symptoms The eye-shaped elliptical lesions which give eyespot its name form on lower stem bases near to the soil surface. The lesions are straw yel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungal Plant Pathogens And Diseases
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barley Diseases ...
This article is a list of diseases of barley (''Hordeum vulgare''). Bacterial and fungal diseases Nematodes, parasitic Virus, viroid and virus-like diseases Phytoplasma diseases Miscellaneous diseases and disorders Sources Barley Diseases, Queensland Government, AustraliaEPPO Standards, Guidelines on good plant protection - Barley, EuropeCommon Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society, USUSDA ARS Fungal Database References Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Barley Diseases * Barley Barley (''Hordeum vulgare''), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains, particularly in Eurasia as early as 10,000 years ago. Globally 70% of barley pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wheat Diseases
The cereal grain wheat is subject to numerous wheat diseases, including bacterial, viral and fungal diseases, as well as parasitic infestations. Principal diseases * Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV * Brown rust ''Puccinia recondita'' * Common bunt (aka Covered smut) ''Tilletia caries'' * Ergot ''Claviceps purpurea'' * Eyespot '' Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides'' * Glume blotch '' Septoria nodorum'' * septoria leaf blotch ''Mycosphaerella graminicola'', synonyms: ''Septoria tritici'', ''Zymoseptoria tritici'' * Mildew ''Erysiphe graminis'' * Seedling blight ''Fusarium'' spp., ''Septoria nodorum'' * Sharp eyespot ''Rhizoctonia cerealis'' * Spot blotch '' Biplolaris sorokiana'' * Take-all ''Gaeumannomyces graminis'' * Tan spot ''Pyrenophora tritici-repentis'' * Yellow rust ''Puccinia striiformis'' In Europe Cereals are at risk from numerous diseases due to the level of intensification necessary for profitable production since the 1970s. More recently varietal diversificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
