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Przekładaniec
''Przekładaniec'' is a 1968 Short film, short science fiction comedy film directed by Andrzej Wajda based on the screenplay by Stanisław Lem, which was a loose adaptation of Lem's 1955 short story turned into a radio play ''Czy pan istnieje, Mr. Johns?'' (Translated into English as ''Are you there, Mr. Jones?''). The title of the film was variously translated into English as ''Layer Cake'' (literal meaning),Peter Swirski, ''The Art and Science of Stanislaw Lem''p. 160/ref> ''Hodge Podge'', or ''Roly Poly''. The first print of Lem's short story was in ''Przekrój'' in 1955. Translated as ''Are you there, Mr. Jones?'' it appeared in a British-Australian science fiction magazine ''Vision of Tomorrow'' in 1969.Stanisław Lem, "Are you there, Mr. Jones?", trans. by Peter Roberts, ''Vision of Tomorrow'', August 1969, vol. 1, no 1, pp. 55-57Internet Archive According to the introduction to the story in the magazine, it was the first work of Lem translated into English. The central i ...
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Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Witold Wajda (; 6 March 1926 – 9 October 2016) was a Polish film and theatre director. Recipient of an Honorary Oscar, the Palme d'Or, as well as Honorary Golden Lion and Honorary Golden Bear Awards, he was a prominent member of the "Polish Film School". He was known especially for his trilogy of war films consisting of ''A Generation'' (1955), ''Kanał'' (1957) and '' Ashes and Diamonds'' (1958). He is considered one of the world's most renowned filmmakers whose works chronicled his native country's political and social evolution and dealt with the myths of Polish national identity offering insightful analyses of the universal element of the Polish experience – the struggle to maintain dignity under the most trying circumstances. Four of his films have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: '' The Promised Land'' (1975), ''The Maids of Wilko'' (1979), ''Man of Iron'' (1981) and '' Katyń'' (2007). Early life Wajda was born in Suwałk ...
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Stanisław Lem
Stanisław Herman Lem (; 12 September 1921 – 27 March 2006) was a Polish writer of science fiction and essays on various subjects, including philosophy, futurology, and literary criticism. Many of his science fiction stories are of satirical and humorous character. Lem's books have been translated into more than 50 languages and have sold more than 45 million copies. Worldwide, he is best known as the author of the 1961 novel ''Solaris (novel), Solaris''. In 1976 Theodore Sturgeon wrote that Lem was the most widely read science fiction writer in the world. Lem is the author of the fundamental philosophical work "Summa Technologiae", in which he anticipated the creation of virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and also developed the ideas of human autoevolution, the creation of Simulacrum, artificial worlds, and many others. Lem's science fiction works explore philosophical themes through speculations on technology, the nature of intelligence, the impossibility of com ...
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Gerard Wilk
Gerard Wilk (12 January 1944, Gliwice - 28 August 1995, Paris) – Polish dancer, the soloist of Warsaw Grand Theatre ballet from 1966 to 1970, member of Ballet of the 20th Century. Life Early life He was born in Gliwice to Jadwiga and Jan/Hans Wilk. He was raised by a single mother, with father drafted into the German army, and after the war, exiled to Siberia until 1949 for being a member of Wehrmacht. Gerard had a brother, Jan, who was four years older. At the age of 13, he took the exams for the .„Viva!”, Agnieszka Dajbor, ''Miał wszystko: urodę, talent, uznanie. Niezwykłe życie Gerarda Wilka'', 2021-12-21 He was admitted on a probationary period for a year. During this time, he had to catch up three years worth of craft under Halina Hulanicka, who studied dance under Isadora Duncan in Paris. Wilk not only successfully dealt with the backlog, but also discovered a life passion, and years later became an icon of Polish ballet. Career Hulanicka persuaded Wilk to ...
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Anna Prucnal
Anna Prucnal (born 17 December 1940) is a Polish actress in both cinema and theatre, as well as a singer. Prucnal was born in Warsaw, Poland. After her father, a surgeon, was killed by the Nazis during World War II, Anna and her sister were raised by their mother, who was of noble descent and related to the 18th-century King of Poland Stanisław Leszczyński. After studying piano and lyrical song, Anna Prucnal went on an acting career at the ''Studencki Teatr Satyryków'', in Warsaw. Prucnal first appeared in a movie at the age of twenty-two in the film “Sun and Shadow” (Slăntzeto i siankata), a popular release. In 1970, Prucnal moved to France and embarked upon a theatrical career, appearing in a number of plays by Bertolt Brecht. She worked with many important directors including Jorge Lavelli, Georges Wilson, Roger Planchon, Jean-Louis Barrault, Marc’O, Petrika Ionesco, Lucian Pintilie and Jacques Lassalle. She also appeared in several notable films, the most noto ...
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Bogumił Kobiela
Bogumił Kobiela (31 May 1931 – 10 July 1969) was a Polish stage and film actor. He was an actor of , Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw, Komedia Theatre in Warsaw, Bim-Bom student theatre, Kabaret Wagabunda and Kabaret Dudek. He suffered serious injuries in a car crash on 2 July 1969 in Buszkowo. He died eight days later in hospital in Gdańsk. Selected filmography Kobilea appeared among other in the following films: * '' Szkice węglem'' (1957) * ''Ashes and Diamonds'' (1958) * ''Heroism'' (1958) * '' Bad Luck'' (1960) * ''Goodbye to the Past'' (1960) * ''Zacne grzechy'' (1963) * ''The Saragossa Manuscript'' (1965) * ''Three Steps on Earth ''Three Steps on Earth'' ( pl, Trzy kroki po ziemi) is a 1965 Polish drama film directed by Jerzy Hoffman and Edward Skórzewski. It was entered into the 4th Moscow International Film Festival where it won a Silver Prize. Cast * Irena Orska a ...'' (1965) * '' Małżeństwo z rozsądku'' (1966) * ' (1968) * '' Przekładaniec'' (1968) * '' ...
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Short Film
A short film is any motion picture that is short enough in running time not to be considered a feature film. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences defines a short film as "an original motion picture that has a running time of 40 minutes or less, including all credits". In the United States, short films were generally termed short subjects from the 1920s into the 1970s when confined to two 35 mm reels or less, and featurettes for a film of three or four reels. "Short" was an abbreviation for either term. The increasingly rare industry term "short subject" carries more of an assumption that the film is shown as part of a presentation along with a feature film. Short films are often screened at local, national, or international film festivals and made by independent filmmakers with either a low budget or no budget at all. They are usually funded by film grants, nonprofit organizations, sponsor, or personal funds. Short films are generally used for industry experience and ...
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Co-driver
A co-driver is the navigator of a rally car in the sport of rallying, who sits in the front passenger seat. The co-driver's job is to navigate, commonly by reading off a set of pacenotes to the driver (what lies ahead, where to turn, the severity of the turn, and what obstacles to look out for). Some competitions require map interpretation. In stage rallying communication is often over a radio headset, due to the high level of noise in the car. The co-driver also tells the driver about any incidents or accidents that may have occurred further ahead in the stage."Rallying : What about the co-driver?"
, motorsportads.com, no date This role is particularly critical in high-end rally competitions such as

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BBC Television
BBC Television is a service of the BBC. The corporation has operated a public broadcast television service in the United Kingdom, under the terms of a royal charter, since 1927. It produced television programmes from its own studios from 1932, although the start of its regular service of television broadcasts is dated to 2 November 1936. The BBC's domestic television channels have no commercial advertising and collectively they accounted for more than 30% of all UK viewing in 2013. The services are funded by a television licence. As a result of the 2016 Licence Fee settlement, the BBC Television division was split, with in-house television production being separated into a new division called BBC Studios and the remaining parts of television (channels and genre commissioning, BBC Sport and BBC iPlayer) being renamed as BBC Content. History of BBC Television The BBC operates several television networks, television stations (although there is generally very little distincti ...
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Sitges Film Festival
The Sitges Film Festival ( ca, Festival Internacional de Cinema Fantàstic de Catalunya, links=no) is an annual film festival held in Sitges, Spain, specialized in fantasy and horror films, of which it is considered one of the world's foremost international festivals. Established in 1968, the festival takes place every year, usually in early October. The 55th edition of the festival will be held from October 6 to 16, 2022. This year, in the 22nd edition of the Awards 15 film schools and universities around Catalonia, which have submitted a total of 32 audiovisual works, will also participate. Venues The main venue of the Sitges Film Festival is the Auditori (Auditorium), located in the Hotel Melià Sitges (in the Port d'Aiguadolç area), which has a capacity of 1,384 seats. As of 2020, other venues are: Cine El Retiro (El Retiro Cinema), Cine Prado (Prado Cinema), Brigadoon - L'escorxador (a beautiful modernista building), Tramuntana (another cinema hall in Hotel Melià), Platj ...
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Niebiesko-Czarni
Niebiesko-Czarni (Blue-Blacks) were one of the most popular Polish big-beat and rock groups of the 1960s and early 1970s. The band was founded by Franciszek Walicki. Czesław Niemen Czesław Niemen (; February 16, 1939 – January 17, 2004), born Czesław Juliusz Wydrzycki, and often credited as just Niemen, was one of the most important and original Polish singer-songwriters and rock balladeers of the 20th century, singing ... played in the band for several years. Throughout their 14 years of history (1962-1976) the Niebiesko-Czarni released 8 longplay discs and 24 singles/fours (over 3.5 million discs) and had over 3000 concerts. References Niebiesko-Czarni Encyklopedia PWN Musical groups established in 1962 1976 disestablishments Polish rock music groups 1962 establishments in Poland {{poland-band-stub ...
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Wojciech Rajewski
Wojciech () is a Polish name, equivalent to Czech Vojtěch , Slovak Vojtech, and German Woitke. The name is formed from two components in archaic Polish: * ''wój'' (Slavic: ''voj''), a root pertaining to war. It also forms words like ''wojownik'' ("warrior") and ''wojna'' ("war"). * ''ciech'' (from an earlier form, ''tech''), meaning "joy". The resulting combination means "he who enjoys war" or "joyous warrior". Its Polish diminutive forms include ''Wojtek'' , ''Wojtuś'' , ''Wojtas'', ''Wojcio'', ''Wojteczek'', ''Wojcieszek'', ''Wojtaszka'', ''Wojtaszek'', ''Wojan'' (noted already in 1136), ''Wojko'', and variants noted as early as 1400, including ''Woytko'', ''Woythko'', and ''Voytko''. The feminine form is Wojciecha (). Related names in South Slavic languages include ''Vojko'', ''Vojislav'', and ''Vojteh''. The name has been rendered into German in several different variations, including: ''Woitke'', ''Witke'', ''Voitke'', ''Voytke'', ''Woytke'', ''Vogtke'', ''Woytegk'', ''W ...
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Witold Dederko
Witold may refer to: *Vytautas the Great Vytautas (c. 135027 October 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian: ', be, Вітаўт, ''Vitaŭt'', pl, Witold Kiejstutowicz, ''Witold Aleksander'' or ''Witold Wielki'' Ruthenian: ''Vitovt'', Latin: ''Alexander Vitoldus'', O ... (ca. 1350–1430), ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania * Witold (given name), people with the given name ''Witold'' {{Disambig ...
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