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Protura
The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6-1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previously regarded as insects, and sometimes treated as a class in their own right. Some evidence indicates the Protura are basal to all other hexapods, although not all researchers consider them Hexapoda, rendering the monophyly of Hexapoda unsettled. Uniquely among hexapods, proturans show anamorphic development, whereby body segments are added during moults. There are close to 800 species, described in seven families. Nearly 300 species are contained in a single genus, ''Eosentomon''. Morphology Proturans have no eyes, wings, or antennae, and, lacking pigmentation, are usually white or pale brown. The sensory function of the antennae is fulfilled by the first of three pairs of five-segmented legs, which are held up, pointing forward and have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acerentomidae
The Acerentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura. Acerentomids are not tracheated, and instead use cuticular gas exchange. Genera These genera are members of the family Acerentomidae. * '' Acerella'' Berlese, 1909 * ''Acerentomon'' Silvestri, 1907 * '' Acerentuloides'' Ewing, 1921 * '' Acerentulus'' Berlese, 1908 * '' Alaskaentomon'' Nosek, 1977 * '' Amazonentulus'' Yin, 1989 * '' Amphientulus'' Tuxen, 1981 * '' Andinentulus'' Tuxen, 1984 * '' Australentulus'' Tuxen, 1967 * '' Baculentulus'' Tuxen, 1977 * '' Berberentulus'' Tuxen, 1963 * '' Bolivaridia'' Bonet, 1942 * '' Brasilentulus'' Nosek, 1973 * '' Brasilidia'' Nosek, 1973 * '' Callientomon'' Yin, 1980 * '' Chosonentulus'' Imadaté & Szeptycki, 1976 * '' Delamarentulus'' Tuxen, 1963 * '' Filientomon'' Rusek, 1974 * '' Fjellbergella'' Nosek, 1978 * '' Gracilentulus'' Tuxen, 1963 * '' Huashanentulus'' Yin, 1980 * '' Imadateiella'' Rusek, 1974 * '' Kenyentulus'' Tuxen, 1981 * '' Liaoxientulus'' Wu & Yin, 2011 * ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acerentomon
''Acerentomon'' is a genus of proturans in the family Acerentomidae The Acerentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura. Acerentomids are not tracheated, and instead use cuticular gas exchange. Genera These genera are members of the family Acerentomidae. * '' Acerella'' Berlese, 1909 * ''Acerentomon .... Species * '' Acerentomon aceris'' Rusek, 1965 * '' Acerentomon affine'' Bagnall, 1912 * '' Acerentomon album'' Loksa, 1966 * '' Acerentomon bagnalli'' Womersley, 1927 * '' Acerentomon balcanicum'' Ionesco, 1933 * '' Acerentomon baldense'' Torti, 1986 * '' Acerentomon brevisetosum'' Condé, 1945 * '' Acerentomon carpaticum'' Nosek, 1961 * '' Acerentomon condei'' Nosek & Dallai, 1982 * '' Acerentomon dispar'' Stach, 1954 * '' Acerentomon doderoi'' Silvestri, 1907 * '' Acerentomon dominiaki'' Szeptycki, 1977 * '' Acerentomon fageticola'' Rusek, 1966 * '' Acerentomon franzi'' Nosek, 1965 * '' Acerentomon gallicum'' Ionesco, 1933 * '' Acerentomon giganteum'' Condé, 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fujientomidae
''Fujientomon'' is a genus of hexapods in the order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6-1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. The Protura constitute an order of hexapods that were previously ..., placed in its own family, Fujientomidae. It contains two species found in China and Japan. ''Fujientomon '' was originally described by Imadaté in 1964, and was redescribed by Nakamura in 2014. Species * '' Fujientomon dicestum'' Yin, 1977 * '' Fujientomon primum'' Imadaté, 1964 References Protura {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eosentomon
''Eosentomon'' is a genus of proturans in the family Eosentomidae The Eosentomidae are a family of hexapods in the order Protura The Protura, or proturans, and sometimes nicknamed coneheads, are very small (0.6-1.5mm long), soil-dwelling animals, so inconspicuous they were not noticed until the 20th century. .... Species * '' Eosentomon actitum'' Zhang, 1983 * '' Eosentomon adakense'' Bernard, 1985 * '' Eosentomon adami'' Condé, 1961 * '' Eosentomon affine'' Tuxen, 1967 * '' Eosentomon afrorostratum'' Tuxen, 1977 * '' Eosentomon agaeophthalmum'' Yin & Zhang, 1982 * '' Eosentomon ailaoense'' Imadaté, Yin & Xie, 1995 * '' Eosentomon alaskaense'' Nosek, 1977 * '' Eosentomon alcirae'' Najt & Vidal Sarmiento, 1972 * '' Eosentomon angolae'' Tuxen, 1977 * '' Eosentomon ankarafantsikaense'' Nosek, 1978 * '' Eosentomon antrimense'' Bernard, 1975 * '' Eosentomon aquilinum'' Nosek, 1980 * '' Eosentomon armatum'' Stach, 1926 * '' Eosentomon asahi'' Imadaté, 1961 * '' Eosentomon asak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hexapoda
The subphylum Hexapoda (from Greek for 'six legs') comprises most species of arthropods and includes the insects as well as three much smaller groups of wingless arthropods: Collembola, Protura, and Diplura (all of these were once considered insects). The Collembola (or springtails) are very abundant in terrestrial environments. ''Hexapods'' are named for their most distinctive feature: a consolidated thorax with three pairs of legs (six legs). Most other arthropods have more than three pairs of legs. Most recent studies have recovered Hexapoda as a subgroup of Crustacea. Morphology Hexapods have bodies ranging in length from 0.5 mm to over 300 mm which are divided into an anterior head, thorax, and posterior abdomen. The head is composed of a presegmental ''acron'' that usually bears eyes (absent in Protura and Diplura), followed by six segments, all closely fused together, with the following appendages: :Segment I. None :Segment II. Antennae (sensory), absent in Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anamorphosis (biology)
Anamorphosis or Anamorphogenesis refers to postembryonic development and moulting in Arthropoda that results in the addition of abdominal body segments, even after sexual maturity. An example of this occurs in proturans and millipede Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a resu ...s. Protura hatch with only 8 abdominal segments and add the remaining 3 in subsequent moults. These new segments arise behind the last abdominal segment, but in front of the telson. In myriapods, euanamorphosis is when the addition of new segments continues during each moult, without there being a fixed number of segments for the adult, teloanamorphosis is when the moulting ceases once the adult has reached a fixed number of segments, and hemianamorphosis is when a fixed number of segments is reached, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sinentomidae
''Sinentomon'' is the only genus in the family Sinentomidae, in the hexapod order Protura. It contains three species found in China, Japan, and North Korea. Species * ''Sinentomon chui ''Sinentomon chui'' is a species of proturan in the family Sinentomidae. It is found in Southern Asia. References Protura Articles created by Qbugbot Animals described in 1982 {{protura-stub ...'' Tuxen & Paik, 1982 * '' Sinentomon erythranum'' Yin, 1965 * '' Sinentomon yoroi'' Imadaté, 1977 References Protura {{Protura-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entognatha
The Entognatha are a class (biology), class of wingless and Ametabolism, ametabolous arthropods, which, together with the insects, makes up the subphylum Hexapoda. Their Arthropod mouthparts, mouthparts are entognathous, meaning that they are retracted within the head, unlike the insects. Entognatha are apterous, meaning that they lack insect wing, wings. The class contains three Order (biology), orders: Collembola (springtails, 9000 species), Diplura (“two-tail”, 1000 species) and Protura (“first-tail”, 800 species). These three groups were historically united with the now-obsolete order Thysanura to form the class Apterygota, but it has since been recognized that the hexapodous condition of these animals has evolved independently from that of insects, and independently ''within'' each order. The orders may not be closely related, and Entognatha is now considered to be a Polyphyly, polyphyletic group. Morphology These minute arthropods are apterous, unlike some orders o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Mouthparts
Insects have mouthparts that may vary greatly across insect species, as they are adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts. Most specialisation of mouthparts are for piercing and sucking, and this mode of feeding has evolved a number of times idependently. For example, mosquitoes and aphids (which are true bugs) both pierce and suck, however female mosquitoes feed on animal blood whereas aphids feed on plant fluids. Evolution Like most external features of arthropods, the mouthparts of Hexapoda are highly derived. Insect mouthparts show a multitude of different functional mechanisms across the wide diversity of insect species. It is common for significant homology to be conserved, with matching structures forming from matching primordia, and having the same evolutionary origin. However, even if structures are almost physically and functionally identical, they may not be homologous; their analogous functions and appearance might be the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Telson
The telson () is the posterior-most division of the body of an arthropod. Depending on the definition, the telson is either considered to be the final segment of the arthropod body, or an additional division that is not a true segment on account of not arising in the embryo from teloblast areas as other segments. It never carries any appendages, but a forked "tail" called the caudal furca may be present. The shape and composition of the telson differs between arthropod groups. Crustaceans In lobsters, shrimp and other decapods, the telson, along with the uropods, forms the tail fan. This is used as a paddle in the caridoid escape reaction ("lobstering"), whereby an alarmed animal rapidly flexes its tail, causing it to dart backwards. Krill can reach speeds of over 60 cm per second by this means. The trigger time to optical stimulus is, in spite of the low temperatures, only 55 milliseconds. In the Isopoda and Tanaidacea (superorder Peracarida), the last abdominal b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is an Australian Government agency responsible for scientific research. CSIRO works with leading organisations around the world. From its headquarters in Canberra, CSIRO maintains more than 50 sites across Australia and in France, Chile and the United States, employing about 5,500 people. Federally funded scientific research began in Australia years ago. The Advisory Council of Science and Industry was established in 1916 but was hampered by insufficient available finance. In 1926 the research effort was reinvigorated by establishment of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), which strengthened national science leadership and increased research funding. CSIR grew rapidly and achieved significant early successes. In 1949, further legislated changes included renaming the organisation as CSIRO. Notable developments by CSIRO have included the invention of atomic absorption spectroscopy, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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