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Proporz
''Proporz'' (, from german: Proportionalität, "proportionality") is a long-standing practice in the Second Austrian Republic in which positions in government are distributed between political parties in a manner proportional to their electoral or public support. More broadly, it describes a culture of power sharing and consensus between Austria's two major parties, the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ), which developed throughout the period of grand coalition government from 1945 to 1966. During this time, partisan divisions were established in most government institutions and the public service, designed to balance the influence of both parties. Much of the system has been dismantled over time, particularly since the 1990s. While in 1999 all but one of the nine federal states operated ''Proporz'' systems, five have since formally abolished them. Some aspects, such as its application on a municipal level, endure to this day. Origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic Party Of Austria
The Social Democratic Party of Austria (german: Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs , SPÖ), founded and known as the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Austria (german: link=no, Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei Österreichs, SDAPÖ) until 1945 and later the Socialist Party of Austria (german: link=no, Sozialistische Partei Österreichs) until 1991, is a social-democratic political party in Austria. Founded in 1889, it is the oldest extant political party in Austria. Along with the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), it is one of the country's two traditional major parties. It is positioned on the centre-left on the political spectrum. Since November 2018, the party has been led by Pamela Rendi-Wagner. It is currently the second largest of five parties in the National Council, with 40 of the 183 seats, and won 21.2% of votes cast in the 2019 legislative election. It holds seats in the legislatures of all nine states; of these, it is the largest party in three (Burgenland, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Austrian Republic
The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states. In the late Iron Age Austria was occupied by people of the Hallstatt Celtic culture (c. 800 BC), they first organized as a Celtic kingdom referred to by the Romans as Noricum, dating from c. 800 to 400 BC. At the end of the 1st century BC, the lands south of the Danube became part of the Roman Empire. In the Migration Period, the 6th century, the Bavarii, a Germanic people, occupied these lands until it fell to the Frankish Empire establish by the Germanic Franks in the 9th century. The name ''Ostarrîchi'' (Austria) has been in use since 996 AD when it was a margravate of the Duchy of Bavaria and from 1156 an independent duchy (later archduchy) of the Holy Roman Empire (''Heiliges Römisches Reich'' 962–1806). Austria was dominated by the House of Habsburg and House of Habsburg-Lorraine (''Haus Österreich'') from 1273 to 1918. In 1806, when Emperor Francis II of Austria dissolved the Holy Roman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Civil War
The Austrian Civil War (german: Österreichischer Bürgerkrieg), also known as the February Uprising (german: Februarkämpfe), was a few days of skirmishes between Austrian government and socialist forces between 12 and 16 February 1934, in Austria. The clashes started in Linz and took place principally in the cities of Vienna, Graz, Bruck an der Mur, Judenburg, Wiener Neustadt, and Steyr, but also in some other industrial cities of eastern and central Austria. Origins of the conflict After the end of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in October 1918, the state of Austria was eventually formed as a parliamentary democracy. Two major factions dominated politics in the new country: socialists (represented politically by the Social Democratic Workers' Party) and conservatives (politically represented by the Christian Social Party). The socialists found their strongholds in the working-class districts of the cities, while the conservatives could build on the support of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allied-occupied Germany
Germany was already de facto occupied by the Allies from the real fall of Nazi Germany in World War II on 8 May 1945 to the establishment of the East Germany on 7 October 1949. The Allies (United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France) asserted joint authority and sovereignty at the 1945 Berlin Declaration. At first, defining Allied-occupied Germany as all territories of the former German Reich before Nazi annexing Austria; however later in the 1945 Potsdam Conference of Allies, the Potsdam Agreement decided the new German border as it stands today. Said border gave Poland and the Soviet Union all regions of Germany (eastern parts of Pomerania, Neumark, Posen-West Prussia, Free City of Danzig, East-Prussia & Silesia) east of the Oder–Neisse line and divided the remaining "Germany as a whole" into the four occupation zones for administrative purposes under the three Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) and the Soviet Union. Although the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austrian Trade Union Federation
The Austrian Trade Union Federation or Austrian Federation of Trade Unions ( de: ''Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund'', abbreviated OeGB or ÖGB) is a labour union of employees. It is constituted as an association and is subdivided into seven smaller affiliated trade unions. Each union is traditionally dominated by a certain political faction, with the strongest faction in the ÖGB as a whole traditionally being the social democratic one (Fraktion Sozialdemokratischer GewerkschafterInnen), which is known for its close contacts to Austria's Social Democratic Party (SPÖ); chairmen of the ÖGB have often also been influential SPÖ members.* Affiliated unions *PRO-GE * Union of Construction and Woodworkers (GBH) * Union of Postal and Telecommunications Workers (GPF) * Union of Private Sector Employees, Printing, Journalism, and Paper (GPA-DJP) * Union of Public Services (GÖD) *Vida *Younion Former affiliates Presidents :1945: Johann Böhm :1959: Franz Olah :1963: Anton Benya : ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber For Workers And Employees
The Chamber of Labour (German: ''Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte'', shortform ''Arbeiterkammer'' or ''AK''), is an organisation that represents the interests of 3 million Austrian employees and consumers. Membership is compulsory for all employees working in Austria, and it is thus not to be confused with Austrian labour unions, where membership is voluntary and which are organized in an umbrella organisation, the ÖGB. Together, the ÖGB and the Arbeiterkammer represent the interests of employees in the Austrian system of Sozialpartnerschaft (''"Social Partnership"''), which plays a major role in the regulation of wages and prices. The Austrian Chamber of Labour is based on the nine Chambers of labour for each federal state in Austria. The president of the Chamber of Labour for Vienna is also the president of the Austrian Chamber of Labour. The Chamber of Labour was founded in 1920 after the collapse of the Austrian-Hungarian monarchy. During 1934 and 1938 the Chamber of La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corporatism
Corporatism is a collectivist political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups, such as agricultural, labour, military, business, scientific, or guild associations, on the basis of their common interests. The term is derived from the Latin ''corpus'', or "body". As originally conceived, and as enacted in fascist states in mid-20th century Europe, corporatism was meant to be an alternative to both free market economies and socialist economies. The hypothesis that society will reach a peak of harmonious functioning when each of its divisions efficiently performs its designated function, as a body's organs individually contributing its general health and functionality, lies at the center of corporatist theory. Corporatism does not refer to a political system dominated by large business interests, even though the latter are commonly referred to as "corporations" in modern American vernacular and legal parlance; instead, the correct term for thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1949 Austrian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Austria on 9 October 1949. About 500,000 registered Nazis, who were not allowed to vote in 1945, regained their voting rights. A newly created party, the Electoral Party of Independents (WdU) (a predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria) specifically targeted this group of voters and immediately won a large share of votes. The Austrian People's Party remained strongest party, although losing their absolute majority of seats. Leopold Figl stayed as Chancellor, leading a coalition with the Socialist Party of Austria as junior partner. Austrian Chancellery Results References {{Austrian elections[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federation Of Independents
The Federation of Independents (german: Verband der Unabhängigen, VdU) was a German nationalist and national-liberal political party in Austria active from 1949 to 1955. It was the predecessor of the Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Formation The party was officially founded on 25 March 1949 by Herbert Kraus and Viktor Reimann. The party's formation had been encouraged by the Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ), which sought to split the right-wing vote in the 1949 legislative election in order to weaken the conservative People's Party (ÖVP) and gain a parliamentary majority. On the next day the constituent assembly was held at Salzburg, then in the US occupation zone. Herbert Kraus was elected Chairman (''Bundesobmann''), while Viktor Reimann, Josef Karoly, Karl Hartleb and Karl Winkler were appointed Vice-Chairmen (''Bundesobmann-Stellvertreter''). Kraus was party leader until 1952. VdU saw itself as representing the interests of former members of the Nazi Party, expellees ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Ministry Of Agriculture, Regions And Tourism
In Austrian politics, the Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism (German: ''Bundesministerium für Landwirtschaft, Regionen und Tourismus'' or ''BMLRT'', although often called ''Nachhaltigkeitsministerium'') is the ministry in charge of agricultural policy, forestry, hunting, fishing, viticulture and wine law, postal and telecommunications services, mining, animal welfare, and the tourism industry. The Ministry was first created in 2000 through a merger of the Ministry of Agriculture (''Landwirtschaftsministerium'') and the Ministry of Environment (''Umweltministerium''); it gained responsibility for the energy sector, mining, and tourism under the first Kurz cabinet in 2018. The current Minister of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism is Elisabeth Köstinger. History The Ministry's earliest precursor was the Cisleithanian Ministry of Agriculture (''Ackerbauministerium''), created in 1867. In additional to agriculture, the Ministry was responsible for regulating hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Ministry Of Labour, Family And Youth
The Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Health and Consumer Protection is a ministry of the Government of Austria. From January 2020 to January 2021, the ministry was officially called the Federal Ministry of Labour, Family and Youth (''Bundesministerium für Arbeit, Familie und Jugend''). The current Minister of Labour is Martin Kocher, who has served in the role in the Second Kurz government The Second Kurz government (german: Zweite Bundesregierung Kurz or ''Kurz II'' for short) was the 33rd Government of Austria. Led by Sebastian Kurz as chancellor and Werner Kogler as vice-chancellor, it was sworn in by President Alexander Van der ... and the Schallenberg government since January 2020. References Government ministries of Austria Children, young people and families ministries Labour ministries Organisations based in Vienna Ministries established in 2020 2020 establishments in Austria Youth in Austria Family in Austria {{Austria-poli-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
