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Proclamation Of Independence Of Morocco
The Proclamation of Independence of Morocco (, ), also translated as the Manifesto of Independence of Morocco or Proclamation of January 11, 1944, is a document in which Moroccan nationalists called for the independence of Morocco in its national entirety under Muhammad V Bin Yusuf, as well as the installment of a democratic, constitutional government to guarantee the rights of all segments of society. January 11 is an official government holiday in Morocco. Context On November 8, 1942, Allied forces landed in Morocco— a colony of France since the 1912 Treaty of Fes—during Operation Torch. Free France then retook control of the largely collaborationist colonial administration sympathetic to Philippe Pétain, which boded well for Moroccan nationalists. Sultan Muhammad V of Morocco, who was a de facto prisoner of the colonial administration, though he had made no public gesture of sympathy toward Nazi Germany, and had protected Moroccan Jews from antisemitic policies, rec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maghrebi Script
Maghrebi script or Maghribi script () refers to a loosely related family of Arabic scripts that developed in the Maghreb (North Africa), al-Andalus (Iberia), and ''Bilad as-Sudan'' (the West African Sahel). Maghrebi script is directly derived from the Kufic script, and is traditionally written with a pointed tip (), producing a line of even thickness. The script is characterized by rounded letter forms, extended horizontal features, and final open curves below the baseline. It also differs from Mashreqi scripts in the notation of the letters ''faa'' (Maghrebi: ; Mashreqi: ) and ''qoph'' (Maghrebi: ; Mashreqi: ). For centuries, Maghrebi script was used to write Arabic manuscripts and record Andalusi and Moroccan literature, whether in Classical Arabic, Maghrebi Arabic, or Amazigh languages. History Origins Arabic script first came to the Maghreb with the Islamic conquests (643–709). The conquerors, led by Uqba ibn Nafi, used both Hijazi and Kufic scripts, as demonst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohamed Belhassan Wazzani
Mohamed Belhassan Wazzani (in Arabic: محمد بن الحسن الوزاني - Fez, 17 January 1910 9 September 1978) was a Moroccan journalist and politician, one of the main leaders of the Moroccan nationalist movement, founder of the ''L'Action du Peuple'' newspaper and of the Democratic Independence Party. Early life Mohamed Belhassan Wazzani was born in 1910 in Fez, and grew up in his hometown, studying at the University of al-Qarawiyyin. In 1927, he went to Paris to pursue his studies in political sciences. In 1933, he founded the nationalist French-speaking newspaper ''L'Action du Peuple'', which was the first anti-colonial French-speaking newspaper in Morocco. Political life In 1934, Wazzani started his activity in the Moroccan nationalist movement, of which he was one of the leaders together with Allal al-Fassi Muhammad Allal al-Fassi (ⵄⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵍⴼⴰⵙⵉ) (January 10, 1910 – May 13, 1974), was a Moroccan politician, writer, poet and Islamic scholar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehdi Ben Barka
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Omar Benabdeljalil
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ( ar, عمر بن الخطاب, also spelled Omar, ) was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was also an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet ''al-Fārūq'' ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' ('the Distinguisher') upon Umar, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest adviser t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kacem Benabdeljalil
Kacem may refer to: People with the given name Kacem *Mouloud Kacem Naît Belkacem (1927–1992), Algerian politician, philosopher, historian, and writer * Kacem Bouallouche (born 1963), Moroccan wrestler *Kacem El Ghazzali (born 1990), Moroccan-Swiss secularist essayist and activist * Abou El Kacem Hadji (born 1990), Algerian football player * Kacem Kefi (1945–2018), Tunisian singer and composer * Kacem Klifa (born 1940), Moroccan gymnast * Kacem Slimani (1948–1996), Moroccan football defender People with the surname Kacem *Mehdi Belhaj Kacem (born 1973), French-Tunisian actor, philosopher, and writer * Mehdi Kacem, (born 1986), French-born Algerian football midfielder * Rafiq Belhaj Kacem (born 1949), Tunisian politician * Sonia Kacem (born 1985), Swiss-born artist See also * Bab Sidi Kacem, one of the gates of the Medina of Tunis, the old capital of Tunisia *Sidi Kacem, a city in Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco *Sidi Kacem Province, province in the Moroccan economic regio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Balafrej
Ahmed Balafrej (Arabic: ; September 5, 1908, in Rabat – April 14, 1990, in Rabat) was the Prime Minister of Morocco between May 12, 1958, and December 2, 1958. He was a significant figure in the struggle for the independence of Morocco. Biography Ahmed Balafrej was born in 1908 to a family in Rabat. His family financed his primary studies at the school of Bab Laâlou, and his secondary studies at the Muslim College of Rabat, later known as the Moulay Youssef college. The colonial system did not allow him to pass his college classes in Rabat, so he obtained his baccalaureate in Paris at the Lycée Henri-IV. He completed his Arabic studies at the Fouad I University in Cairo during 1927, then back in Paris at the Faculty of the Sorbonne (degree in letters, diploma in political science) from 1928 to 1932. In August 1926, he created The Society of Friends of the Truth in Rabat, the first form of a Moroccan nationalist organization. He began his history studies at La Sorbonne in D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdelkader Hassan El Assimi
Abd al-Qadir or Abdulkadir ( ar, عبد القادر) is a male Muslim given name. It is formed from the Arabic words '' Abd'', ''al-'' and '' Qadir''. The name means "servant of the powerful", ''Al-Qādir'' being one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which give rise to the Muslim theophoric names. The letter ''a'' of the ''al-'' is unstressed, and can be transliterated by almost any vowel, often by ''u''. So the first part can appear as Abdel, Abdul or Abdal. The second part can be transliterated Qader, Kadir, Qadir, Kader, Gadir or in other ways, and the whole name subject to variable spacing and hyphenation. There is a related but much less common name, Abdul Qadeer ( ar, عبد القدیر), with a similar meaning. The two may become confused when transliterated, and a few of the names below may be instances of the latter name. Notable people with the name include: Men In sport Athletics * Abdelkader Zaddem (born 1944), Tunisian runner * Abdelkader El Mouaziz ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Benlarbi Al-Alami
Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monotheistic teachings of Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets within Islam. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born approximately 570CE in Mecca. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father Abdullah was the son of Quraysh tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, and he died a few months before Muhammad's birth. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal uncle, Abu Talib. In later years, he would periodically seclude himsel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran Conference
The Tehran Conference (codenamed Eureka) was a strategy meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943, after the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran. It was held in the Soviet Union's embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first of the list of World War II conferences, World War II conferences of the "Big Three" Allies of World War II, Allied leaders (the Soviet Union, the United States, and the United Kingdom) and closely followed the Cairo Conference (1943), Cairo Conference, which had taken place on 22–26 November 1943, and preceded the 1945 Yalta Conference, Yalta and Potsdam Conference, Potsdam conferences. Although the three leaders arrived with differing objectives, the main outcome of the Tehran Conference was the Western Allies' commitment to open a Western Front (World War II), second front against Nazi Germany. The conference also addressed the 'Big Three' Allies' relations with Turkey and Pahlavi Iran, Iran, operations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-determination
The right of a people to self-determination is a cardinal principle in modern international law (commonly regarded as a ''jus cogens'' rule), binding, as such, on the United Nations as authoritative interpretation of the Charter's norms. It states that peoples, based on respect for the principle of equal rights and fair equality of opportunity, have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no interference. The concept was first expressed in the 1860s, and spread rapidly thereafter. During and after World War I, the principle was encouraged by both Soviet Premier Vladimir Lenin and United States President Woodrow Wilson. Having announced his Fourteen Points on 8 January 1918, on 11 February 1918 Wilson stated: "National aspirations must be respected; people may now be dominated and governed only by their own consent. 'Self determination' is not a mere phrase; it is an imperative principle of action." During World War II, the princip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
