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Prix Paul Langevin
The ''prix Paul-Langevin'' is a prize created in 1956 and named in honor of Paul Langevin. It has been awarded each year since 1957 by the ''SociĂ©tĂ© française de physique'' (SFP). The prize honors French physicists for work in theoretical physics. The ''prix Paul Langevin'' should not be confused with the ', which is a prize awarded in mathematics, physics, chemistry, or biology by the ''AcadĂ©mie des sciences''. Recipients * 1957 Yves Ayant * 1958 Jacques Winter * 1959 Roland OmnĂšs * 1960 Philippe NoziĂšres * 1961 Cyrano de Dominicis * 1962 Jacques Villain * 1963 Claude Cohen-Tannoudji * 1964 Marcel Froissart * 1965 Robert Arvieu * 1966 Roger Balian * 1967 Jean Lascoux * 1968 Ămile Daniel * 1969 Jean Ginibre * 1970 Daniel Bessis * 1971 Loup Verlet * 1972 Claude Itzykson * 1973 AndrĂ© Neveu * 1974 Ădouard BrĂ©zin * 1975 Dominique Vautherin * 1976 GĂ©rard Toulouse * 1977 Jean Zinn-Justin * 1978 Jean Iliopoulos * 1979 Richard Schaeffer * 1980 Roland Seneor and Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Langevin
Paul Langevin (; ; 23 January 1872 â 19 December 1946) was a French physicist who developed Langevin dynamics and the Langevin equation. He was one of the founders of the ''ComitĂ© de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes'', an anti-fascist organization created after the 6 February 1934 far right riots. Being a public opponent of fascism in the 1930s resulted in his arrest and being held under house arrest by the Vichy government for most of World War II. Langevin was also president of the Human Rights League (LDH) from 1944 to 1946, having recently joined the French Communist Party. He was a doctoral student of Pierre Curie and later a lover of widowed Marie Curie. He is also known for his two US patents with Constantin Chilowsky in 1916 and 1917 involving ultrasonic submarine detection. He is entombed at the PanthĂ©on. Life Langevin was born in Paris, and studied at the '' Ăcole de Physique et Chimie'' and the ''Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure''. He then went to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loup Verlet
Loup Verlet (; 24 May 1931 â 13 June 2019) was a French physicist who pioneered the computer simulation of molecular dynamics models. In a famous 1967 paper he used what is now known as Verlet integration (a method for the numerical integration of equations of motion) and the Verlet list (a data structure that keeps track of each molecule's immediate neighbors in order to speed computer calculations of molecule-to-molecule interactions). He received his PhD in 1957; his PhD work was initially conducted in the group of Victor Weisskopf at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and concluded under the guidance of Maurice LĂ©vy at the Ăcole normale supĂ©rieure in Paris. From 1957 to 1993 he worked mostly on the physics of the liquid state. He also wrote about the history of science. In his book "La Malle de Newton" (1993) he argued that Isaac Newton was an important transition figure between the medieval, mainly religious, world of ideas and the modern scientific way of analyz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thibault Damour
Thibault Damour (; born 7 February 1951) is a French physicist. He was a permanent professor in theoretical physics at the Institut des Hautes Ătudes Scientifiques (IHĂS) from 1989 to 2022. Since then, he is professor emeritus. An expert in general relativity, he has long taught this theory at the Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure (Ulm). He contributed greatly to the modelling of gravitational waves from compact binary systems, and with Alessandra Buonanno, he invented the "effective one-body" approach to representing the orbital trajectories of binary black holes. In 2021 he was awarded, with Alessandra Buonanno, the Balzan Prize The International Balzan Prize Foundation awards four annual monetary prizes to people or organizations who have made outstanding achievements in the fields of humanities, natural sciences, culture, as well as for endeavours for peace and the br ... for Gravitation: physical and astrophysical aspects as well as the Galileo Galilei Medal and the Dir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Fayet
Pierre Fayet (born 4 December 1949) is a French theoretical physicist. Biography Pierre Fayet studied at the Ăcole normale supĂ©rieure, worked from 1977 to 1979 at Caltech, then at CERN. Currently research director at the CNRS, he works at the Laboratoire de Physique ThĂ©orique de l'ENS (LPTENS). He has been a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences since 1997. Mainly known for his work in supersymmetry, he introduced the idea of supersymmetric partners (photino for photon, gluino for gluon, etc.). He also introduced with Jean Iliopoulos a mechanism for spontaneous breakage of supersymmetry called the Fayet-Iliopoulos mechanism Main publications * P. Fayet, J. Iliopoulos, ', Phys.Lett.B51:461-464,1974. (EntrĂ©e sur SPIRES The Stanford Physics Information Retrieval System (SPIRES) is a database management system developed by Stanford University. It is used by universities, colleges and research institutions. The first website in North America was created to allow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yves Pomeau
Yves Pomeau, born in 1942, is a French mathematician and physicist, emeritus research director at the CNRS and corresponding member of the French Academy of sciences. He was one of the founders of thLaboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure, Paris He is the son of RenĂ© Pomeau. Career Yves Pomeau did his state thesis in plasma physics, almost without any adviser, at the University of Orsay-France in 1970. After his thesis, he spent a year as a postdoc with Ilya Prigogine in Brussels. He was a researcher at the CNRS from 1965 to 2006, ending his career as DR0 in the Physics Department of the Ecole Normale SupĂ©rieure (ENS) (Statistical Physics Laboratory) in 2006. He was a lecturer in physics at the Ăcole Polytechnique for two years (1982â1984), then a scientific expert with the Direction gĂ©nĂ©rale de l'armement until January 2007. He was Professor, with tenure, part-time at the Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, from 1990 to 2008. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Magnen
Ancient and noble French family names, Jacques, Jacq, or James are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related to the surname by the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Origins The origin of this surname ultimately originates from the Latin, Jacobus which belongs to an unknown progenitor. Jacobus comes from the Hebrew name, Yaakov, which translates as "one who follows" or "to follow after". Ancient history A French knight returning from the Crusades in the Holy Lands probably adopted the surname from "Saint Jacques" (or "James the Greater"). James the Greater was one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles, and is believed to be the first martyred apostle. Being endowed with this surname was an honor at the time and it is likely that the Church allowed it because of acts during the Crusades. Indeed, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roland Seneor
Roland (; frk, *HrĆĂŸiland; lat-med, Hruodlandus or ''Rotholandus''; it, Orlando or ''Rolando''; died 15 August 778) was a Frankish military leader under Charlemagne who became one of the principal figures in the literary cycle known as the Matter of France. The historical Roland was military governor of the Breton March, responsible for defending Francia's frontier against the Bretons. His only historical attestation is in Einhard's ''Vita Karoli Magni'', which notes he was part of the Frankish rearguard killed in retribution by the Basques in Iberia at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass. The story of Roland's death at Roncevaux Pass was embellished in later medieval and Renaissance literature. The first and most famous of these epic treatments was the Old French ''Chanson de Roland'' of the 11th century. Two masterpieces of Italian Renaissance poetry, the ''Orlando Innamorato'' and ''Orlando Furioso'' (by Matteo Maria Boiardo and Ludovico Ariosto respectively), are even further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Schaeffer
Richard is a male given name. It originates, via Old French, from Old Frankish and is a compound of the words descending from Proto-Germanic ''*rīk-'' 'ruler, leader, king' and ''*hardu-'' 'strong, brave, hardy', and it therefore means 'strong in rule'. Nicknames include "Richie", "Dick", "Dickon", " Dickie", "Rich", "Rick", "Rico", "Ricky", and more. Richard is a common English, German and French male name. It's also used in many more languages, particularly Germanic, such as Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Icelandic, and Dutch, as well as other languages including Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Finnish. Richard is cognate with variants of the name in other European languages, such as the Swedish "Rickard", the Catalan "Ricard" and the Italian "Riccardo", among others (see comprehensive variant list below). People named Richard Multiple people with the same name * Richard Andersen (other) * Richard Anderson (other) * Richard Cartwright (other) * Ri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Iliopoulos
John (Jean) Iliopoulos (Greek: ÎÏÎŹÎœÎœÎ·Ï ÎλÎčÏÏÎżÏ Î»ÎżÏ; 1940, Kalamata, Greece) is a Greek physicist. He is the first person to present the Standard Model of particle physics in a single report. He is best known for his prediction of the charm quark with Sheldon Glashow and Luciano Maiani (the "GIM mechanism"). Iliopoulos is also known for demonstrating the cancellation of anomalies in the Standard model. He is further known for the Fayet-Iliopoulos D-term formula, which was introduced in 1974. He is currently an honorary member of Laboratory of theoretical physics of Ăcole Normale SupĂ©rieure, Paris. Biography Iliopoulos graduated from National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) in 1962 as a Mechanical-Electrical Engineer. He continued his studies in the field of Theoretical Physics in University of Paris, and in 1963 he obtained the D.E.A, in 1965 the Doctorat 3e Cycle, and in 1968 the Doctorat d' Etat titles. Between the years 1966 and 1968 he was a scholar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Zinn-Justin
Jean Zinn-Justin (born 10 July 1943 in Berlin) is a French theoretical physicist. Biography Zinn-Justin was educated in physics (undergraduate 1964) at the Ăcole Polytechnique, and did graduate work in theoretical physics at Orsay, (Ph.D. 1968) under the supervision of Marcel Froissart. Zinn-Justin has worked since 1965 as a theoretical and mathematical physicist at the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre ( CEA), where he was head of theoretical physics in 1993â1998 . He has served as a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Princeton University, State University of New York at Stony Brook (1972), and Harvard University, and further guest scientists at CERN. From 1987 to 1995 he was Director of the Les Houches summer school for theoretical physics. In 2003 he became leader of DAPNIA (Department of Astrophysics, Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Associated Instrumentation) at Saclay. He has made seminal contributions to the reno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GĂ©rard Toulouse
Gérard Marie Robert Toulouse, born on 4 September 1939 in Vattetot-sur-Mer (Seine-Maritime), is a French theoretical physicist. Diplomas and career Normalien, agrégé de physique, PhD in physics, research director at the CNRS, member of several French and foreign Academies, and notably founding member of the French Academy of Technologies (in 2000) and Corresponding Member of the French Academy of sciences. Scientific work Gérard Toulouse is the author of various works in the field of theoretical physics: physics of condensed matter (magnetism, surfaces), magnetic impurity in a metal (Kondo effect): discovery of the Toulouse limit, exact results in the study of critical phenomena of phase transitions, topological classification of defects in ordered media, frustrated and disordered systems, spin glasses, neural networks and brain theories. Studies of cognition. Ethics of science and technology. He won the 1983 Fernand Holweck Medal and Prize. Personal Commitments In c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dominique Vautherin
Dominique Vautherin (October 30, 1941, Bois-Colombes â December 7, 2000, Paris) was a French theoretical physicist, specializing in nuclear physics. Education and career Dominique Vautherin studied from 1961 to 1963 at the Ăcole polytechnique and then, beginning in 1964, did research for the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS ). From 1969, he worked at the UniversitĂ© Paris-Sud in Orsay with Marcel VĂ©nĂ©roni (1929â2015) on the HartreeâFock calculations for a finite range interaction with saturation in closed-shell nuclei. For this work Vautherin received the degree of Doctor of Science with VĂ©nĂ©roni as supervisor. Shortly afterward, Vautherin began his collaboration with David M. Brink on HartreeâFock calculations with Skyrme interactions for spherical nuclei, and such calculations were then extended to deformed nuclei by Vautherin. Later, with colleagues, he carried out calculations with Skyrme interactions, and such calculation were then extended by Vauthe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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