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Private Use Area (Unicode Block)
In Unicode, a Private Use Area (PUA) is a range of code points that, by definition, will not be assigned characters by the standard. Three Private Use Areas are defined: one in the Basic Multilingual Plane (), and one each in, and nearly covering, planes 15 and 16 (, ). They are intentionally left undefined so that third parties may assign their own characters without conflicting with Unicode Standard assignments. Under the Unicode Stability Policy, the Private Use Areas will remain allocated for that purpose in all future Unicode versions. Assignments to private-use code points need not be "private" in the sense of strictly internal to an organisation; a number of assignment schemes have been published by several organisations. Such publication may include a font that supports the definition (showing the glyphs), and software making use of the private-use characters (e.g., a graphics character for a "print document" function). By definition, multiple private parties may assign d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unicode
Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Character (computing), characters and 168 script (Unicode), scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic, and technical contexts. Unicode has largely supplanted the previous environment of a myriad of incompatible character sets used within different locales and on different computer architectures. The entire repertoire of these sets, plus many additional characters, were merged into the single Unicode set. Unicode is used to encode the vast majority of text on the Internet, including most web pages, and relevant Unicode support has become a common consideration in contemporary software development. Unicode is ultimately capable of encoding more than 1.1 million characters. The Unicode character repertoire is synchronized with Univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cirth
The Cirth (, meaning "runes"; sg. certh ) is a semi‑artificial script, based on real‑life runic alphabets, one of Tolkien's scripts, several scripts invented by J. R. R. Tolkien for the constructed languages he devised and used in his works. ''Cirth'' is written with a capital letter when referring to the writing system; the letters themselves can be called ''cirth''. In the fictional history of Middle-earth, the original ''Certhas'' was created by the Sindar (or Grey Elves) for their language, Sindarin. Its extension and elaboration was known as the ''Angerthas Daeron'', as it was attributed to the Sinda Daeron, despite the fact that it was most probably arranged by the Noldor in order to represent the sounds of other languages like Quenya and Telerin. Although it was later largely replaced by the Tengwar, the Cirth was nonetheless adopted by the Dwarf (Middle-earth), Dwarves to write down both their Khuzdul language (''Angerthas Moria'') and the languages of Man (Middle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TITUS Cyberbit Basic
''Bitstream Cyberbit'' is a commercial serif Unicode font designed by Bitstream Inc. It is freeware for non-commercial uses. It was one of the first widely available fonts to support a large portion of the Unicode repertoire. Cyberbit was developed by Bitstream to provide Unicode Consortium members with a large Unicode-encoded font to use for testing and development purposes. The font has 32,910 characters (29,934 glyphs) and 935 kerning pairs in v2.0 beta. The related ''Bitstream Cyberbase'' font includes a much smaller number of characters, with 1,249 glyphs and 935 kerning pairs in v1.0 beta. Bitstream no longer offers Cyberbit as a free download or retail product. TITUS Cyberbit ''TITUS Cyberbit Basic'' is a typeface derived from the Bitstream Cyberbit family, designed by Bitstream Inc. and the TITUS project for Unicode 4.0. Jost Gippert and Carl-Martin Bunz were the principal developers. It can be obtained for free from TITUS and is freeware for non-commercia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
TITUS (project)
TITUS ( 'Thesaurus of Indo-European Texts and Languages') is a project of Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main, maintained by Professor Dr. Jost Gippert, it aimed to collect information about Indo-European languages, and to improve collaboration between scholars. The project aims to assist computer-related studies and to collect dictionaries, word lists, tools for linguistic analyses, etc. All contributors are given access to the materials, and some of the files can be accessed freely. Resources The project provides a Unicode Unicode or ''The Unicode Standard'' or TUS is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 16.0 defines 154,998 Char ... 4.0 font ( TITUS Cyberbit Basic) and keyboard map for non-commercial purposes to match the requirements of linguists and philologists working on several languages (ancient and modern). E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charis SIL
Charis SIL or Charis () is a slab serif typeface developed by SIL International based on Bitstream Charter, one of the first fonts designed for laser printers. The font offers four family members: roman, bold, italic, and bold italic. Its design goal is to "provide a single Unicode-based font family that would contain a comprehensive inventory of glyphs needed for almost any Roman- or Cyrillic-based writing system, whether used for phonetic or orthographic needs." Charis SIL supports Graphite (SIL), Graphite, OpenType, and Apple Advanced Typography, AAT technologies for advanced rendering features. Along with Doulos SIL and Gentium, it is licensed under the SIL Open Font License (OFL), and can be downloaded free of charge. Version 6.2 of the font, with over 3,800 glyphs, was released on 1 February 2023. Version 7 was released on 2 June 2025. Variant forms of many characters can be chosen in the word-processor. For example, for primer (textbook), primer-style 'a' and 'g', app ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SIL International
SIL Global (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics International) is an evangelical Christian nonprofit organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development. Based on its language documentation work, SIL publishes a database, '' Ethnologue'', of its research into the world's languages, and develops and publishes software programs for language documentation, such as FieldWorks Language Explorer (FLEx) and Lexique Pro. Its main offices in the United States are located at the International Linguistics Center in Dallas, Texas. History Early History William Cameron Townsend, a Presbyterian minister, founded the organization in 1934, after undertaking a Christian mission with the Disciples of Christ among the Kaqchikel Maya people in Guatemala in the earl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Code2000
Code2000 is a serif and pan- Unicode digital font, which includes characters and symbols from a very large range of writing systems. As of the current version 1.176 released in 2023, Code2000 is designed and implemented by James Kass to include as much of the Unicode 15.1 standard as practical (with 15.1 being the currently-released version), and to support OpenType digital typography features. Code2000 supports the Basic Multilingual Plane. Code2001 was designed to support the Supplementary Multilingual Plane, with ISO 8859-1 characters shared with Code2000 for compatibility. A third font, Code2002, was left substantially unfinished and never officially released. Code2000 was released as shareware/ donationware, with the licensing fee set at $5.00. Code2001 was released under a free software license that prohibited most derivative works but otherwise allowed free use, redistribution and embedding. The project was discontinued in 2008, with its web domain name later taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Letterforms
A letterform, letter-form or letter form is a term used especially in typography, palaeography, calligraphy and epigraphy to mean a letter's shape. A letterform is a type of glyph, which is a specific, concrete way of writing an abstract character or grapheme. For example, medieval scholars may discuss the particular handwritten letterforms that distinguish one script from another. The history of letterforms is discussed in fields of study relating to materials used in writing. Epigraphy includes the study of letterforms carved in stone or other permanent materials. Palaeography is the study of writing in ancient and medieval manuscripts. Calligraphy treats the letterforms of decorative writing, usually in ink. In the field of typography, type design is the process of designing typefaces that consist of sets of letterforms for use with metal print or computer. More broadly letterforms may be discussed wherever letters appear stylistically—in graffiti for example. In context ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Precomposed Character
A precomposed character (alternatively composite character or decomposable character) is a Unicode entity that can also be defined as a sequence of one or more other characters. A precomposed character may typically represent a letter with a diacritical mark, such as ''é'' (Latin small letter ''e'' with acute accent). Technically, ''é'' (U+00E9) is a character that can be decomposed into an equivalent string of the base letter ''e'' (U+0065) and combining acute accent (U+0301). Similarly, ligatures are precompositions of their constituent letters or graphemes. Precomposed characters are the legacy solution for representing many special letters in various character sets. In Unicode, they are included primarily to aid computer systems with incomplete Unicode support, where equivalent decomposed characters may render incorrectly. Comparing precomposed and decomposed characters In the following example, there is a common Swedish surname Åström written in the two alterna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Medieval Unicode Font Initiative
In digital typography, the Medieval Unicode Font Initiative (MUFI) is a project which aims to coordinate the encoding and display of special characters in medieval texts written in the Latin alphabet or in runes, which are not otherwise encoded as part of Unicode. Organization MUFI was founded in July 2001 by a workgroup consisting of Odd Einar Haugen (University of Bergen, Bergen), Alec McAllister (University of Leeds, Leeds), and Tarrin Wills (University of Sydney, Sydney). From 2006 to 2015, MUFI had a board of four members, consisting of the three founding members and Andreas Stötzner (University of Leipzig, Leipzig). Currently the board consists of Tarrin Wills, Copenhagen (Chair), Alex Speed Kjeldsen, Copenhagen (Deputy chair), Odd Einar Haugen, Bergen and Beeke Stegmann, Iceland. Character variants In medieval texts, many special ligature (typography), ligatures, scribal abbreviations, and letter forms existed, which are no longer a part of the Latin alphabet. As fe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deseret Alphabet
The Deseret alphabet (; Deseret: or ) is a phoneme, phonemic English-language spelling reform developed between 1847 and 1854 by the board of regents of the University of Deseret under the leadership of Brigham Young, the second President of the Church (LDS Church), president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). George D. Watt is reported to have been the most actively involved in the development of the script's novel characters, which were used to replace those of Isaac Pitman's English Phonotypic Alphabet, English phonotypic alphabet. He was also the "New Alphabet's" first serious user. The script gets its name from the word Deseret (Book of Mormon), ''deseret'', a ''hapax legomenon'' in the Book of Mormon, which is said to mean "honeybee" in the only verse it is used in. The Deseret alphabet was an outgrowth of the Restorationism, Restorationist ideal (ethics), idealism and utopianism of Young and the early LDS Church. Young and the Mormon pioneer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shavian Alphabet
The Shavian alphabet ( ; also known as the Shaw alphabet) is a Constructed writing system, constructed alphabet conceived as a way to provide simple, phonemic orthography for the English language to replace the inefficiencies and difficulties of English orthography, conventional spelling using the English alphabet, Latin alphabet. It was posthumously funded by and named after Irish people, Irish playwright George Bernard Shaw and designed by Ronald Kingsley Read. Shaw set three main criteria for the new alphabet. It should be: # at least 40 letters; # as Phonemic orthography, phonetic as possible (that is, letters should have a 1:1 correspondence to phonemes); # distinct from the Latin script, Latin alphabet to avoid the impression that the new spellings were simply misspellings. Letters The Shavian alphabet consists of three types of letters: tall (with an ascender), deep (with a descender) and short. All vowels but the consonant–vowel ligature ''yew'' are short. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
