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Principles Of The Treaty Of Waitangi
In New Zealand law and politics, the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi () are a set of principles derived from, and interpreting, the Treaty of Waitangi. These principles were codified in 1987, partly an attempt to reconcile the different Māori and English language versions of the treaty, and allow the application of the treaty to a contemporary context. The principles of the treaty are often mentioned in contemporary New Zealand politics. Need for treaty principles The Treaty of Waitangi is not regarded as law because it is a treaty, meaning an agreement. The English and Māori language versions "do not have exactly the same meaning", and it "focuses on the issues relevant at the time it was signed". As well as this, New Zealand law affirms the common law doctrine that "It is well settled that any rights purported to be conferred by such a Treaty of cession cannot be enforced by the Courts, ex-cept in so far as they have been incorporated in municipal law". Origins of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reconstruction Of The Signing Of The Treaty Of Waitangi, Marcus King (16044258961)
Reconstruction may refer to: Politics, history, and sociology *Reconstruction (law), the transfer of a company's (or several companies') business to a new company *''Perestroika'' (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union political movement *Critical reconstruction, an architectural theory related to the reconstruction of Berlin after the end of the Berlin Wall *Economic reconstruction *Ministry of Reconstruction, a UK government department *The Reconstruction era of the United States, the period after the Civil War, 1865–1877 ** The Reconstruction Acts, or Military Reconstruction Acts, addressing requirements for Southern States to be readmitted to the Union *Reconstruction Finance Corporation, a United States government agency from 1932–1957 Arts, entertainment, and media Films *Reconstruction (1968 film), ''Reconstruction'' (1968 film), a Romanian tragicomedy *Reconstruction (2001 film), ''Reconstruction'' (2001 film), about the 1959 Ioanid Gang ban ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rangatiratanga
' is a Māori language term that translates literally to 'highest chieftainship' or 'unqualified chieftainship', but is also translated as "self-determination", "sovereignty" and "absolute sovereignty". The very translation of is important to New Zealand politics, as it is used in the Māori version of the Treaty of Waitangi to express "full exclusive and undisturbed possession" over Māori-owned lands and property, but different translations have drastically different implications for the relationship between the 1840 signatories: the British Crown and the Māori chiefs (''rangatira''). It has become one of the most contentious phrases in retrospective analyses of the treaty amid debate surrounding the obligations that were agreed to by each signatory. The phrase features in current historical and political discourse on race relations in New Zealand and is widely used by Māori advocacy groups. A ''tino rangatiratanga'' flag was designed in 1989 and has become accepted as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2023 New Zealand General Election
The 2023 New Zealand general election to determine the composition of the 54th Parliament of New Zealand is planned to be held on 14 October 2023, after the currently elected 53rd Parliament is dissolved or expires. Voters will elect 120 members to the unicameral New Zealand House of Representatives under the mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system, a proportional representation system in which 72 members will be elected from single-member electorates and 48 members from closed party lists. At the 2020 election, the centre-left Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, won an outright majority in the House, the first time under MMP that a party has been able to form a government without needing the support of another party. Nonetheless, Labour formed a co-operation agreement with the Green Party. The main opponent to the Labour government is the centre-right National Party, led by Christopher Luxon, along with ACT New Zealand and Te Pāti Māori. Backgroun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ACT New Zealand
ACT New Zealand, known simply as ACT (), is a right-wing, classical-liberal political party in New Zealand. According to former party leader Rodney Hide, ACT's values are "individual freedom, personal responsibility, doing the best for our natural environment and for smaller, smarter government in its goals of a prosperous economy, a strong society, and a quality of life that is the envy of the world".Rodney Hide , "Speech to ACT Auckland Regional Conference, 30 July 2006" is an associated (albeit unofficial) student wing. The name is an acronym of Association of Consumers and Taxpayers, which was founded in 1993 by |
Winston Peters
Winston Raymond Peters (born 11 April 1945) is a New Zealand politician serving as the leader of New Zealand First since its foundation in 1993. Peters served as the 13th deputy prime minister of New Zealand from 1996 to 1998 and 2017 to 2020, the minister of Foreign Affairs from 2005 to 2008 and 2017 to 2020, and the treasurer of New Zealand from 1996 to 1998. He was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1979 to 1981, 1984 to 2008 and 2011 to 2020. Peters was born in Whangārei, and raised in Whananāki in rural Te Tai Tokerau before attending school in Dargaville. He is of mixed parentage, his father being Māori and his mother being of Scottish descent. Widely known simply as "Winston", Peters has had a long and turbulent political career since first entering Parliament following the National Party win of the 1978 general election. Throughout his career, he has called for more focused and restrictive immigration policies. He has advocated benefits for senior citizens, critic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doug Woolerton
Doug Woolerton (born 17 May 1944) is a New Zealand politician who has been a member of the New Zealand First party since it was founded, and the National Party for a few years before that. Early years He was educated at Hamilton Boys' High School, and has a background in agriculture, having been a farmer for twenty-one years and director of a milk company for nine. Political career Woolerton was originally a member of the National Party. He stood for selection as the National candidate for the seat of Hamilton West in 1990, but lost to Grant Thomas, who was later elected to the seat. Woolerton left the National Party in 1992 to form the New Zealand First party with Winston Peters. Member of Parliament Woolerton first entered Parliament in the 1996 election, becoming a list MP after being ranked fifth on the New Zealand First party list. He remained an MP until his party lost all parliamentary seats in the 2008 general election. He was the president of New Zealand F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand First
New Zealand First ( mi, Aotearoa Tuatahi), commonly abbreviated to NZ First, is a nationalist and populist political party in New Zealand. The party formed in July 1993 following the resignation on 19 March 1993 of its leader and founder, Winston Peters, from the then-governing New Zealand National Party, National Party. Peters had been the sitting Member of Parliament for Tauranga (New Zealand electorate), Tauranga since 1984 and would use the electorate as the base for New Zealand First until consecutive defeats by National Party candidates in Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)#2005 election, 2005 and Tauranga (New Zealand electorate)#2008 election, 2008. His party has formed coalition governments with both major political parties in New Zealand: first with the National Party from 1996 to 1998 and then with the New Zealand Labour Party, Labour Party from 2005 to 2008 and from 2017 to 2020. Peters has served on two occasions as Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand, deputy prime m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Private Member's Bill
A private member's bill is a bill (proposed law) introduced into a legislature by a legislator who is not acting on behalf of the executive branch. The designation "private member's bill" is used in most Westminster system jurisdictions, in which a "private member" is any member of parliament (MP) who is not a member of the cabinet (executive). Other labels may be used for the concept in other parliamentary systems; for example, the label member's bill is used in the Scottish Parliament and the New Zealand Parliament, the term private senator's bill is used in the Australian Senate, and the term public bill is used in the Senate of Canada. In legislatures where the executive does not have the right of initiative, such as the United States Congress, the concept does not arise since bills are always introduced by legislators (or sometimes by popular initiative). In the Westminster system, most bills are " government bills" introduced by the executive, with private members' bills ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Lange
David Russell Lange ( ; 4 August 1942 – 13 August 2005) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 32nd prime minister of New Zealand from 1984 to 1989. Lange was born and brought up in Otahuhu, the son of a medical doctor. He became a lawyer by profession, and represented poor and struggling people in civil rights causes in the rapidly changing Auckland of the 1970s. After serving as legal advisor to the Polynesian Panthers, Lange was first elected to the New Zealand Parliament in the Mangere by-election of 1977. He became a prominent debater within parliament, and soon gained a reputation for cutting wit (sometimes directed against himself) and eloquence. Lange became the Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition in 1983, succeeding Bill Rowling. When Prime Minister Robert Muldoon called an election for July 1984 Lange led his party to a landslide victory, becoming, at the age of 41, New Zealand's youngest prime minister of the 20th century. Lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taonga
''Taonga'' or ''taoka'' (in South Island Māori) is a Maori-language word that refers to a treasured possession in Māori culture. It lacks a direct translation into English, making its use in the Treaty of Waitangi significant. The current definition differs from the historical one, noted by Hongi Hika as "property procured by the spear" war booty or defended property] and is now interpreted to mean a wide range of both tangible and intangible possessions, especially items of historical cultural significance. Tangible examples are all sorts of Antique, heirlooms and artefacts, land, fisheries, natural resources such as geothermal springs and access to natural resources, such as riparian water rights and access to the riparian zone of rivers or streams. Intangible examples may include language and spiritual beliefs. What is deemed to be a ''taonga'' has major political, economic and social consequences in New Zealand and has been the subject of fierce debates as the varying ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robin Cooke, Baron Cooke Of Thorndon
Robin Brunskill Cooke, Baron Cooke of Thorndon (9 May 1926 – 30 August 2006) was a New Zealand judge and later a British Law Lord and member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. He is widely considered one of New Zealand's most influential jurists, and is the only New Zealand judge to have sat in the House of Lords. He was a Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong from 1997 to 2006. Early life and education The son of the Supreme Court judge, Justice Philip Brunskill Cooke and his wife, Valmai, Lord Cooke was born in Wellington and attended Wanganui Collegiate School. He graduated with an LL.M. from Victoria University College, and subsequently studied at Clare College, Cambridge as a Research Fellow. While on a travelling scholarship, Lord Cooke was awarded an MA in 1954 from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and subsequently a PhD in 1955. In 1952, he married Annette Miller, with whom he had three sons. One of their sons, Franc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Of New Zealand
The law of New Zealand uses the English common law system, inherited from being a part of the British Empire. There are several sources of law, the primary ones being statutes enacted by the New Zealand Parliament and case law made by decisions of the courts of New Zealand. At a more fundamental level, the law of New Zealand is based on three related principles: parliamentary sovereignty; the rule of law; and the separation of powers. History Pre-European law Before colonisation by the British, Māori customary law ( tikanga) would have served as rule of law for most tribes. The first mention of New Zealand in British statutes is in the Murders Abroad Act of 1817, which clarified that New Zealand was not a British colony (despite being claimed by Captain Cook) and "not within His Majesty's dominions". Treaty of Waitangi The Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840, is widely believed to have established British law in New Zealand. There are numerous problems with this theory. F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
