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Primor
Primor is a Hungarian title of nobility of Székely origin. It was the highest-ranking title in Székely aristocracy, and is usually compared in rank with the Western titles of count and baron. Synonyms sometimes found in older sources are főnemes (chief noble), főúr (chief lord), or főszékely (chief Székely) Origins Traditionally, on paper, all Székely were considered nobles. Their nobility was derived from their settlement in Székely Land as terra nullius (not yet belonging to anyone, including to the Hungarian king). Being nobles, all members of Székely society were personally bound to take up arms in defence of their country (Székely Land at the time forming the Eastern border of Hungary, and in part of Christian Europe). According to their ability to do so, they were divided into three categories. The pixidarii (commoners) were those who had a small plot of land, but did not have a horse, and as such were enlisted as infantrymen. The wealthier primipilus, also ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apor Family
The Apor family (different branches styled '' altorjai'' or '' zaláni'') is a family of ancient Hungarian nobility, which played a major role in Transylvanian history. It has several branches, which held different ranks over the years, including ''primor'' (the highest rank of Székely nobility, comparable to baron or count)'','' and the Westernised titles of ''báró'' (baron) and ''gróf'' (count). History The exact origins of the family are subject to debate. Traditionally, the Apors claim descent from the Hungarian chieftain Apor, known for having laid siege to Constantinople. Transylvanian historian Baron Peter Apor de Altorja (1676–1752) claims such descent. In addition, acknowledging that no surviving written sources explicitly state so, he proposes that Apor was a legitimate son of Hungary's Grand Prince Árpád. In Transylvanian folklore, the family is assumed to have been rabonbáns, ancient rulers of the Székely people, who resisted conversion to Christianit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal And Noble Ranks
Traditional rank amongst European royalty, peers, and nobility is rooted in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Although they vary over time and among geographic regions (for example, one region's prince might be equal to another's grand duke), the following is a reasonably comprehensive list that provides information on both general ranks and specific differences. Distinction should be made between reigning (or formerly reigning) families and the nobility – the latter being a social class subject to and created by the former. Ranks and titles Sovereign * The word ''monarch'' is derived from the Greek μονάρχης, ''monárkhēs'', "sole ruler" (from μόνος, ''mónos'', "single" or "sole", and , ''árkhōn'', archon, "leader", "ruler", "chief", the word being the present participle of the verb ἄρχειν, ''árkhein'', "to rule", "to lead", this from the noun ὰρχή, ''arkhē'', "beginning", "authority", "principle") through the Latinized form ''monarcha''. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans ( la, Imperator Romanorum, german: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period ( la, Imperator Germanorum, german: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of king of Italy (''Rex Italiae'') from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of king of Germany (''Rex Teutonicorum'', lit. "King of the Teutons") throughout the 12th to 18th centuries. The Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among medieval Roman Catholic monarchs, because the empire was considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the only successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Thus, in theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered '' primus inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stephen Bocskai
Stephen Bocskai or Bocskay ( hu, Bocskai István; 1 January 155729 December 1606) was Prince of Transylvania and Hungary from 1605 to 1606. He was born to a Hungarian noble family. His father's estates were located in the eastern regions of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, which developed into the Principality of Transylvania in the 1570s. He spent his youth in the court of the Holy Roman Emperor, Maximilian, who was also the ruler of Royal Hungary (the western and northern regions of the medieval kingdom). Bocskai's career started when his underage nephew, Sigismund Báthory, became the ruler of Transylvania in 1581. After the Diet of Transylvania declared Sigismund of age in 1588, Bocskai was one of the few members of Sigismund's council who supported his plan to join an anti-Ottoman coalition. Sigismund made Bocskai captain of Várad (now Oradea in Romania) in 1592. After the pro-Ottoman noblemen forced Sigismund to renounce his throne in 1594, Bocskai supported him in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrássy
The House of Andrássy is the name of a Hungarian noble family of very ancient lineage that was prominent in Hungarian history. The full family name is ''Andrássy de Csíkszentkirály et Krasznahorka''. ''Csíkszentkirály'' is a town in modern-day Romania, now called Sâncrăieni, while Krásna Hôrka is a castle in Slovakia. Recent history The present head of the family is Count Gyula Andrássy de Csik-Szent-Király et Kraszna-Horka (b. 1927), who with his family currently resides in Canada. He married as his first wife the former Renate Hiller (b. 1928) in 1958, with no issue. He married secondly in 1964 the former Lesley Trist (b. 1934). By his second wife, he has one son, Michael (b. 1967), and one daughter, Ilona (b. 1965). Count Gyula Andrássy is the son of the late Count Mihály Andrássy (1893–1990) and his late wife, ''née'' Countess Gabrielle Károlyi de Nagy-Károly (1899–1992). The paternal uncle of Count Gyula Andrássy was the late Count Imre Andrássy (1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kálnoky Family
The Kálnoky family is a noble family originating from the Kingdom of Hungary. The Kálnoky family history can be traced back to medieval times. History In 1252 the family was documented in Székely Land, in the eastern part of Transylvania, as ''comes'' (chief) of the Szekler 'Sepsi' tribe. Since their first documentation, the family have been ''primores'' (magnates) of the Szekler people in Transylvania. They are styled as Count Kálnoky Baron of Kőröspatak since 1697 when Sámuel Kálnoky (1640–1706) was chancellor of Transylvania at the court of Vienna. At the beginning of the 18th century, through multiple marriages, the Kálnokys became close to Prince Constantin Brancoveanu, ruler of Wallachia. An entire generation grew up in Bucharest at the prince's court, and held public functions there. To support Austria's Empress Maria Theresia in the ''Erbfolgekrieg'' War of the Austrian Succession, the family established a regiment of hussars in 1741 which bore their name. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mikes Family
The House of Mikes de Zabola is a Hungarian noble family of Székely origin from the 16th century. Notable members * Mihály Mikes (politician) (d. 1662), Chancellor of Transylvania (1656–1660) *Mihály Mikes (soldier) (d. 1721), created Baron (1693) then Count (1696), became kuruc after 1703 *Kelemen Mikes (1820–1849), Honvéd general in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, killed in the Siege of Nagyszeben (Sibiu) * Ármin Mikes *János Mikes (1876–1945), Bishop of Szombathely (1911–1936) From the Zágon branch *Kelemen Mikes (1690–1761), essayist, scribe of Francis II Rákóczi, died in exile Manor Houses Bodola Nagydebrek Marosujvár Szászfenes Sepsibükszad Uzon Zágon See also *List of titled noble families in the Kingdom of Hungary Dukes and princes Marquesses Counts Barons References Sources * * * * * * * * * * * * {{Refend Croatian nobility Hungarian nobility Jewish-Hungarian families ... Ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pálffy Ab Erdöd
The House of Pálffy ab Erdöd, also known as ''Pálffy von Erdöd'', ''Pálffy de Erdöd'', or ''Pálffy of Erdöd'', is the name of a Hungarian noble family. Several members of the family held significant positions in the Habsburg monarchy. History The Hungarian name ''Pálffy'' derives from the Latin term ''Pauli filius'' (son of Paul), after the first known ancestor of the family.Entr''Pálffy von Erdöd'' in 'Pierer's Universal-Lexikon von 1857', at zeno.org (in German) ''Erdőd'' is the Hungarian name for Ardud, a town situated in Transylvania. The Pálffy ab Erdöd family members bore as well the title of Baron or Baroness of Újezd, of the name of their Czech barony of Újezd. The family crest is of a deer above a wooden wheel which was created supposedly after an incident in the forest. The legend says that members of the Pálffy family were travelling in a horse-drawn carriage in the forest at night and in the mist when a deer shot out from the forest and hit the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statute IV Of 1947 Regarding The Abolition Of Certain Titles And Ranks (Hungary)
The Statute IV of 1947 regarding the abolition of certain titles and ranks (), a law still in force in the Republic of Hungary, declares the abolition of hereditary noble ranks and related styles and titles, also putting a ban on their use. Contents of the Statute 1. § (1) of the Statute declares annulment of the Hungarian aristocratic and noble ranks, such as ''duke'', '' marquis'', ''count'', ''baron'', ''noble'', ''primor'', and ''primipilus'' ("''lófő''"). It also nullifies all permissions granted in the past to hold such titles bestowed upon a citizen by a foreign head of state. * (2) abolishes the title of "''örökös főispán''" (Latin: ''supremus et perpetuus comes''). * (3) abolishes rank titles designated for decoration purposes .g. "''valóságos belső titkos tanácsos''" (Real Internal Privy Councillor), "''titkos tanácsos''" (Privy Councillor) ''etc.'' This point also revokes any previous bestowals of such titles. 2. § (1) prohibits the future bestowal of titl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diploma Leopoldinum
The ''Diploma Leopoldinum'' was a legal document which determined the basic principles of the government of the Principality of Transylvania within the Habsburg Empire. The diploma was drafted by Miklós Bethlen, Chancellor of Transylvania. The Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I, sanctioned it in Vienna on 16 October 1690. The diploma announced on 4 December 1691. The diploma restored civil administration in the principality, and confirmed the traditional liberties of the Three Nations of Transylvania, including the freedom of the four "received" religions. Background Until 1683, it stood at the peak of the Ottoman Empire's power in Hungary. Mihály I Apafi was promoted to princely position against János Kemény. In 1681, in exchange for abundant gifts, the Porta recognized the election of Michael Apafi as prince. However, in 1682, Sertar Pasha Ibrahim proclaimed Imre Thököly the prince of Hungary. In 1683, the Turks besieged Vienna, where the Transylvanian armies lined up alo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor
Leopold I (Leopold Ignaz Joseph Balthasar Franz Felician; hu, I. Lipót; 9 June 1640 – 5 May 1705) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. The second son of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, by his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain, Leopold became heir apparent in 1654 by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand IV. Elected in 1658, Leopold ruled the Holy Roman Empire until his death in 1705, becoming the second longest-ruling Habsburg emperor (46 years and 9 months). He was both a composer and considerable patron of music. Leopold's reign is known for conflicts with the Ottoman Empire in the Great Turkish War (1683-1699) and rivalry with Louis XIV, a contemporary and first cousin (on the maternal side; fourth cousin on the paternal side), in the west. After more than a decade of warfare, Leopold emerged victorious in the east thanks to the military talents of Prince Eugene of Savoy. By the Treaty of Karlowitz, Leopold recovered almost all of the Kingd ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg, especially the dynasty's Austrian branch. The history of the Habsburg monarchy can be traced back to the election of Rudolf I as King of Germany in 1273 and his acquisition of the Duchy of Austria for the Habsburg in 1282. In 1482, Maximilian I acquired the Netherlands through marriage. Both realms passed to his grandson and successor, Charles V, who also inherited the Spanish throne and its colonial possessions, and thus came to rule the Habsburg empire at its greatest territorial extent. The abdication of Charles V in 1556 led to a division within the dynasty between his son Philip II of Spain and his brother Ferdinand I, who had served as his lieutenant and the elected king of Hungary and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
