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Presidential Republic (1925–1973)
The Presidential Republic () is the period in the history of Chile spanning from the approval of the 1925 Constitution on 18 September 1925, under the government of Arturo Alessandri Palma, to the overthrow of the Popular Unity government headed by the President Salvador Allende on 11 September 1973. The period is concurrent with the "Inward Development" (''Desarrollo hacia adentro'') period in Chilean economic history. Carlos Ibáñez and Arturo Alessandri Palma Headed by Colonel Marmaduque Grove, left-wing troops deposed the September Junta in the 1925 coup, and handed power to General Pedro Dartnell as interim president, with the hope of recalling Arturo Alessandri Palma from exile. Dartnell, however, decided to form another junta, the January Junta, which ended with Alessandri's return on March 20, 1925. Alessandri had a new Constitution drafted, and approved in a referendum by 134,421 voters on August 30. The Constitution, which was promulgated on September 18, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chilean Constitution Of 1925
The Constitution of 1925 was the constitution in force in Chile between 1925 and 1973 when the Government Junta suspended it. In the 1920s Chile had a severe social and economic crisis that led to the loss of prestige for old ruling class, labeled oligarchy in Chilean historiography, and the rise of a more sensibilized populist government led by Arturo Alessandri. In 1924 Alessandri was outed in a coup, but was called back in 1925 to complete his mandate. Alessandri then used his presidency to draft a new constitution to replace the Constitution of 1833. The constitution was approved by plebiscite by 134,421 voters on August 30 of 1925. Prominent features of the constitution were: * Separation of the church from the state. This was the fulfillment of an old goal among many liberals in Chile. This issue had caused a series of conflicts and controversies in the 19th century. * Legislative initiative powers to the president. (Reinforced with subsequent reforms) * Created an ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January Junta
Government Junta of Chile (January 27, 1925 - March 20, 1925) (also known as the ''January Junta''), was the political structure established to restore power to President Arturo Alessandri, after he had been deposed in 1924. On January 23, 1925, a military movement of young officers, wrestled power from the previous September Junta. Then they organized a new Junta and recalled president Alessandri back to his post. The Junta lasted until Alessandri's resumption of power. Creation After the September Junta had been a few months in power, the "military committee", led by Colonel Marmaduque Grove and Lieutenant Colonel Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, started to suspect that a Conservative restoration was under way. The fears seemed confirmed when Ladislao Errazuriz, head of the conservative party, suddenly presented his candidacy to the upcoming presidential elections. So, on January 23, 1925 they launched the Chilean coup of 1925: army troops surrounded the La Moneda Palace and arreste ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín (; 12 July 1866 – 16 May 1931) was President of Chile from December 23, 1925, until his resignation on May 10, 1927. He also served as acting president for a few months in 1910. Biography Figueroa was born on July 12, 1866, in Santiago, son of Francisco de Paula Figueroa Araoz and of Rosalía Larraín Echeverría. He studied in the San Ignacio School and then went on to study law at the State University. He graduated in 1889 and that same year was named secretary to the Intendant of Santiago. Figueroa decided to embark on a political career and joined the Liberal Democratic Party, which supported a stronger executive. He was elected deputy for Victoria and Melipilla in 1900 and reelected in 1903. In 1907, once his term had ended, he was selected to replace Juan José Valenzuela, deputy for Rere and Puchacay, who had died in July that year. In 1909, Figueroa was once again elected to the Chamber of Deputies, this time representing Itata. On October ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of The Interior And Public Security (Chile)
The Ministry of the Interior () is the cabinet-level office responsible for home affairs in Chile. It is tasked with "maintaining public order, security and social peace" within the country. The ministry is also responsible for planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling, and informing the domestic policies formulated by the President of Chile. As the authority in charge of local government, the minister supervises all non-elected regional authorities. Álvaro Elizalde has served as Minister of the Interior and Public Security since March 4, 2025. His Undersecretary of the Interior is Luis Cordero Vega, the Undersecretary of Regional Development is Francisca Perales Flores, and the Undersecretary of Crime Prevention is Carolina Leitao. In the absence of the president of Chile (due to travel, death, or other impediment), the Minister of the Interior assumes the role of 'vice president.' However, this is not a true vice-presidential position but rather a designat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis Barros Borgoño
Luis Barros Borgoño (; March 26, 1858 – July 26, 1943) was a Chilean politician who served as Vice President of Chile in 1925. Born in Santiago, he was the son of Manuel Barros Arana and Eugenia Borgoño Vergara. He graduated as a lawyer in 1880, held a position in the Supreme Court in 1884, was Minister of War and Navy on three occasions (1890, 1892 and 1895–96), was Minister of Foreign Affairs twice (1894 and 1918) and Finance Minister in 1901. As the conservative candidate in the Chilean presidential election of 1920, he faced the liberal Arturo Alessandri and was defeated by a very slim margin. When Alessandri resigned again on October 1, 1925 Vice President Barros became the Acting President though he technically remained Vice-President until December 23, 1925, when Emiliano Figueroa took the office."President of Chile Resigns His Post— Borgono Takes the Place of Alessandri", ''The Boston Globe'', October 1, 1925, p.1 Barros was also an author who focused on histo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decree
A decree is a law, legal proclamation, usually issued by a head of state, judge, monarch, royal figure, or other relevant Authority, authorities, according to certain procedures. These procedures are usually defined by the constitution, Legislative Law, Legislative laws, or customary laws of a government. Belgium In Belgium, a decree is a law of a Communities, regions and language areas in Belgium, community or regional parliament, e.g. the Flemish Parliament. Catholic Church A decree (Ecclesiastical Latin, Latin: ''decretum'') in the usage of the canon law (Catholic Church), canon law of the Catholic Church has various meanings. Any papal bull, papal brief, brief, or motu proprio is a decree inasmuch as these documents are legislative acts of the pope. In this sense, the term is quite ancient. The Roman Congregations were formerly empowered to issue decrees in matters which come under their particular jurisdiction but were forbidden from continuing to do so under Pope Benedic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manifesto
A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent manifestos—such as ''The Communist Manifesto'' (1848) and those of various artistic movements—reject accepted knowledge in favor of a new idea. Manifestos relating to religious belief are generally referred to as ''creeds'' or ''confessions of faith''. Etymology The Italian word , itself derived from the Latin , meaning "clear" or "conspicuous". Its first recorded use in English is from 1620, in Nathaniel Brent's translation of the Italian from Paolo Sarpi's ''History of the Council of Trent'': "To this citation he made answer by a Manifesto" (p. 102). Similarly, "They were so farre surprised with his Manifesto, that they would never suffer it to be published" (p. 103).''Oxford English Dictionary,'' s.v. “manifesto (n.) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlos Ibáñez Del Campo
General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (; 3 November 1877 – 28 April 1960) was a Chilean Army officer and political figure. He served as president twice, first between 1927 and 1931, and then from 1952 to 1958, serving for 10 years in office. Early life Carlos Ibáñez del Campo was born to Francisco Ibáñez and María Nieves del Campo. On his father's side, his family descended from the Irish captain, John Augustine Evans, a native of Galway, who arrived in Chile in 1730 after the shipwreck of HMS Wager on the island of the same name, and who Hispanicized his surname. Captain Evans contacted Ambrosio O'Higgins, Governor of Linares, who entrusted him with the administration of the Royal Treasury of Perquilauquén. Ibáñez's ancestors include members of the Alvarado family of Spanish conquistadors. He was a direct descendant of García de Alvarado. On his maternal side, he is descended from the Frenchman Giles Du Champ, who arrived in Chile in 1700 and settled in Concepci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Defence (Chile)
The Ministry of National Defense () is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of "maintaining the independence and sovereignty" of Chile. It is also charged with planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the defense policies formulated by the President of Chile. The minister supervises all the Chilean armed forces. It is Chile's ministry of defence. History During the first days of the independence movements, the senior "secretary" of the respective Junta would function as the ''Secretary of Government'' with administrative power over the army. The office officially first came to be on 17 March 1814, when then Supreme Director Francisco de la Lastra dictated the Constitutional Norms approved on that date. It was then named ''Secretariat of War''. It was abolished the same year by the Spanish authorities when, after the Battle of Rancagua, they re-asserted royal power. On 23 October 1818, after independence the secretariat was re-estab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marusia Massacre
The Marusia massacre () (March, 1925) was the response of the Chilean government under president Arturo Alessandri to a strike by the workers of a saltpeter mine leading to over 500 dead, over ninety percent being strikers or their family members. Background The nitrate ''oficina'' (saltpeter mine) of Marusia was located in the foothills of the Andes in the región de Tarapacá, about 4 miles northwest of the town of Huara. Its monthly production was 865 tons of salt. In March 1925, the mine workers went on strike to demand higher pay, a shorter workday, and better working conditions. While negotiations were taking place between the company executives and the workers' representatives, the British engineer who ran the mine, a man much hated because of his habit of whipping his workers, was found dead near the mine. A Bolivian engineer was accused of the crime and executed without due process by decision of the company owners. Events The union, under the leadership of Domingo Soto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laissez Faire
''Laissez-faire'' ( , from , ) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations). As a system of thought, ''laissez-faire'' rests on the following axioms: "the individual is the basic unit in society, i.e., the standard of measurement in social calculus; the individual has a natural right to freedom; and the physical order of nature is a harmonious and self-regulating system." The original phrase was ''laissez faire, laissez passer'', with the second part meaning "let (things) pass". It is generally attributed to Vincent de Gournay. Another basic principle of ''laissez-faire'' holds that markets should naturally be competitive, a rule that the early advocates of ''laissez-faire'' always emphasized. The Physiocrats were early advocates of ''laissez-faire'' and advocated for an ''impôt unique'', a tax on land rent to replace the "monstrous and crippling netw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
