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Poulaine
Crakows or crackowes were a style of shoes with extremely long toes very popular in 15th century Europe. They were so named because the style was thought to have originated in Kraków, the then capital of Poland. They are also known as poulaines or pikes, though the term ''poulaine'', as in ''souliers à la poulaine'', "shoes in the Polish fashion", referred to the long pointed beak of the shoe, not the shoe itself. History Long-toed shoes had been popular in Europe at different times, first appearing in the archaeological record in the 12th century and falling in and out of fashion periodically. They reached their most exaggerated form in the third quarter of the 15th century before falling out of fashion in the 1480s. The arrival of this fashion in England is traditionally associated with the marriage of Richard II and Anne of Bohemia in 1382. An anonymous 'monk of Evesham' recorded in 1394: "With this queen there came from Bohemia into England those accursed vices (Englis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pattens
Pattens are protective overshoes that were worn in Europe from the Middle Ages until the early 20th century. Pattens were worn outdoors over a normal shoe, had a wooden or later wood and metal sole, and were held in place by leather or cloth bands. Pattens functioned to elevate the foot above the mud and dirt (including human effluent and animal dung) of the street, in a period when road and urban paving was minimal. Etymology The word ''patten'' probably derives from the Old French ''patte'' meaning hoof or paw. Women continued to wear pattens in muddy conditions until the 19th or even early 20th century. In appearance, they may resemble contemporary clogs or sandals, but though historical usage was apparently not always consistent, the term now is used only to describe protective overshoes worn over another pair of shoes. Medieval period Pattens were worn during the Middle Ages outdoors, and in public places, over (outside of) the thin soled shoes of that era. Pattens we ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1400–1500 In European Fashion
Fashion in 15th-century Europe was characterized by a series of extremes and extravagances, from the voluminous robes called houppelandes with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing doublets and hose of Renaissance Italy. Hats, hoods, and other headdresses assumed increasing importance, and were draped, jewelled, and feathered. As Europe continued to grow more prosperous, the urban middle classes, skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. It is in this time period that we begin to see fashion take on a temporal aspect. People could now be dated by their clothes, and being in "out of date" clothing became a new social concern. National variations in clothing seem on the whole to have increased over the 15th century.Boucher, François: ''20,000 Years of Fashion'', Harry Abrams, 1966. General trends New trends emerge among the Danes The Lübeckian chronicler Arnold mocked changes in Danish atti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sabaton
A sabaton or solleret is part of a knight's body armor that covers the foot. History Fourteenth and fifteenth century sabatons typically end in a tapered point well past the actual toes of the wearer's foot, following fashionable shoe shapes of the fourteenth century. Sabatons of the first half of sixteenth century end at the tip of the toe and may be wider than the actual foot. They were the first piece of armour to be put on, and were made of riveted iron plates called '' lames''. These plates generally covered only the top of the foot. Some sources maintain that the broad-toed variant is the true sabaton, whereas the earlier versions should be referred to as a solleret. At least in theory, French princes and dukes were allowed to have toes of Gothic sabatons long, lords (barons and higher) 2 feet long and gentry only long.Fred & Liliane Funcken, ''Le Costume, l'Armure et les Armes au Temps de la Chevalerie'', "2: Le siècle de la Renaissance (2)" (in French) The sabaton ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Sempach
The Battle of Sempach was fought on 9 July 1386, between Leopold III, Duke of Austria and the Old Swiss Confederacy. The battle was a decisive Swiss victory in which Duke Leopold and numerous Austrian nobles died. The victory helped turn the loosely allied Swiss Confederation into a more unified nation and is seen as a turning point in the growth of Switzerland. Background During 1383 and 1384, the expansion of the Old Swiss Confederacy collided with Austrian interests. The interests of Austria were further undermined in the Pact of Constance, a union of Zürich, Zug, Solothurn and 51 cities of Swabia. In 1385, there were various attacks, without formal declaration of war or central organization, by forces of Zürich, Zug and Lucerne on the Austrian strongholds of Rapperswil, Rothenburg, Cham and Wolhusen. In 1384 the people of Entlebuch receive the Lucerne citizenry and on Epiphany on the 6 January 1386, Lucerne expanded its sphere of influence by providing the same right als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arsen 5104 F14 Detail2
Arsen (in Armenian, Արսեն; Georgian, არსენ; Russian, ; Ukrainian, ) is a given name, a diminutive of Greek ''Arsenios''. Notable people with the name include: * Arsen Akayev (born 1970), Kumyk-Russian professional football coach and a former player *Arsen Avakov (born 1964), Ukrainian politician *Arsen Avakov (born 1971), former Tajik football player * Arsen Avetisyan (born 1973), Armenian football player *Arsen Balabekyan (born 1986), Armenian football striker * Arsen Beglaryan (born 1993), Armenian football player *Arsen Dedić (1938–2015), Croatian singer-songwriter, musician and composer and a poet * Arsen Fadzayev (born 1962), former Soviet wrestler, world champion and Olympic champion in freestyle wrestling * Arsen Gasparian, former Armenian press secretary, publisher and cigar manufacturer * Arsen Gitinov (born 1977), male freestyle wrestler from Kyrgyzstan *Arsen Goshokov (born 1991), Russian footballer *Arsen Kanokov (born 1957), President of Kabardino-Balka ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pigache
Pigache, Poulaine and Pigage are types of shoe with a long pointed turned up toe that was worn during the Romanesque and Byzantine period. The plural form of the word is pigaciae. The shoes were sometimes stuffed with moss, wool, or horsehair to make the extension erect. The protrusion was sometimes flesh colored. In the 12th century the shoes had a pointed and hooked toe that was sometimes adorned with a small bell. Marie-Josèphe Bossan - 2012 Page 266 See also *Crakow
Crakows or crackowes were a style of shoes with extremely long toes very popular 1400–1500 in European fashion, in 15th century Europe. They were so named because the style was thought to have originated ...
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Venetian-style Shoe
Venetian-style shoes or Venetian-style loafers are mid-heel slippers with an upper or top part that is slightly open to the kick of the foot and the ankle bone. The venetian-style shoe and its lack of ornamentation contrasts with the loafer which may have slotted straps, vamps and even tassels. The term came from Great Britain.Office québécois de la langue française (QOLF).Vénitienne" Def. '' Chaussure.'' '' Le Grand dictionnaire terminologique'', Office de la langue française (OQLF), 1989, (Research in French). Accessed 3 February 2008." Loafers are "slip-on shoes with a moccasin toe construction and slotted straps stitched across vamps"."Drummond, Sharon, edHistory of Footwear Vers. "Originally Written as Her Fourth Year Independent Study". Toronto's Ryerson University Theatre-Technical/Production Program as a Costuming Major. Accessed 27 February 2008. See ''Intro'' & ''Resources: Glossary''. A loafer may even be "decorated with metal chains or tassels". A penny-loaf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I (22 March 1459 – 12 January 1519) was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death. He was never crowned by the pope, as the journey to Rome was blocked by the Venetians. He proclaimed himself Elected Emperor in 1508 (Pope Julius II later recognized this) at Trent, thus breaking the long tradition of requiring a Papal coronation for the adoption of the Imperial title. Maximilian was the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal. Since his coronation as King of the Romans in 1486, he ran a double government, or ''Doppelregierung'' (with a separate court), with his father until Frederick's death in 1493. Maximilian expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the ruler of the Burgundian State, heir of Charles the Bold, though he also lost his family's original lands in today's Switzerland to the Swiss Confederacy. Through marriage of his son Phil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luzerner Schilling
The ''Luzerner Schilling'' (or ''Luzernerchronik'', Lucerne chronicle) is an illuminated manuscript of 1513, containing the chronicle of the history of the Swiss Confederation written by Diebold Schilling the Younger of Lucerne. The chronicle is an impressive volume containing 443 colourful full-page miniature illustrations and 237 text pages, which cover the whole history of the Confederation, but with more space given to events of the previous forty years. Diebold, through his father and his uncle Diebold Schilling the Elder, came into contact with the art of chronicle book illustration as it had evolved in Alsace under the influence of Burgundy, in works like the Froissart of Louis of Gruuthuse (BnF Fr 2643-6). Both the illustrations and the accompanying narratives are remarkably lively and realistic. Two painters can be distinguished, one keeping in the more traditional gothic style of manuscript illumination - this is believed to be Schilling himself - while the other develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold III, Duke Of Austria
Leopold III (1 November 1351 – 9 July 1386), known as the Just, a member of the House of Habsburg, was Duke of Austria from 1365. As head and progenitor of the Leopoldian line, he ruled over the Inner Austrian duchies of Carinthia, Styria and Carniola as well as the County of Tyrol and Further Austria from 1379 until his death. Biography Born in Vienna, Leopold was a younger son of Duke Albert II of Austria (thereby a grandson of King Albert I of Germany), and younger brother of the Dukes Rudolf IV and Albert III. His mother, Joanna of Pfirt, a daughter of Princess Joanna of Burgundy, was 51 when she gave birth to him and died shortly after. Upon the death of Albert II, his eldest son Rudolf IV, called the Founder, assumed the rule over the Habsburg dominions, despite the regulations on a joint rule left by his father. Nevertheless, on 18 November 1364 he promulgated his own house law (''Rudolfinische Hausordnung''), according to which the Austrian "hereditary lands" were a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sempach Schilling
Sempach is a municipality in the district of Sursee in the canton of Lucerne in Switzerland. History It has retained some traces of its medieval appearance, especially the main gateway, beneath a watch tower, and reached by a bridge over the old moat. About half an hour distant to the north-east, on the hillside, is the site of the famous Battle of Sempach (9 July 1386), in which the Swiss defeated the Austrians, whose leader, Duke Leopold, lost his life. The legendary deed of Arnold of Winkelried is associated with this victory. The spot is now marked by an ancient and picturesque Battle Chapel (restored in 1886) and by a modern monument to Winkelried. A few years later, in 1393, the so-called '' Sempacherbrief'' was signed between the '' Acht Orte'' (the original eight Swiss cantons), plus the associated Canton of Solothurn. It was the first document signed by all eight (plus Solothurn), but it also defined that none of them was to unilaterally start a war without the cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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