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Posterolateral Palatal Pits
In anatomy, posterolateral palatal pits are gaps at the sides of the back of the bony palate, near the last molars.Weksler, 2006, p. 34 Posterolateral palatal pits are present, in various degrees of development, in several members of the rodent family Cricetidae. Many members of the family lack them or have only simple pits, but Arvicolinae (voles, lemmings, and relatives) and Oryzomyini (rice rats and relatives) have more highly developed posterolateral palatal pits. Posterolateral palatal pits are also present in some other rodents, including ''Glis'', '' Jaculus'', '' Hystrix'', ''Abrocoma'', '' Ctenomys'', '' Chinchilla'', and ''Lagidium''. Sigmodontinae Many members of the mainly South American cricetid subfamily Sigmodontinae have posterolateral palatal pits. In Oryzomyini (rice rats), the largest tribe of the Sigmodontinae, all but some species—'' Mindomys hammondi'' and '' Sigmodontomys aphrastus'' usually have only one small pit on each side of the palate—have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatomy
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental biology, embryology, comparative anatomy, evolutionary biology, and phylogeny, as these are the processes by which anatomy is generated, both over immediate and long-term timescales. Anatomy and physiology, which study the structure and function (biology), function of organisms and their parts respectively, make a natural pair of related disciplines, and are often studied together. Human anatomy is one of the essential basic research, basic sciences that are applied in medicine. The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic scale, macroscopic and microscopic scale, microscopic. Gross anatomy, Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mindomys Hammondi
''Mindomys'' is a genus of sigmodontine rodents in the family Cricetidae. It includes two species known only from Ecuador, Hammond's rice rat ''Mindomys hammondi'', also known as Hammond's rice rat or Hammond's oryzomys,Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1149 is an endangered species of rodent in the tribe Oryzomyini of family Cricetidae. Formerly considered to be related with ''Nect ... (''Mindomys hammondi'') and the Kutukú rat (''Mindomys kutuku''). See also * List of mammals of Ecuador References Oryzomyini Rodent genera Endemic fauna of Ecuador Mammals of Ecuador {{Sigmodontinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abrawayaomys Chebezi
Ruschi's rat or Ruschi's spiny mouse (''Abrawayaomys ruschii'') is a rodent species found in Argentina and Brazil. Some cranial features suggest it may be an archaic relative of the paramo Oldfield mouse (''Thomasomys paramorum''). The upper parts are greyish yellow with a darker head and yellowish-white underparts. Fine hairs are mixed with flattened and grooved spines that are most numerous on the back.Walker's Mammals of the World (6th Edition, 1999) by Ronald M. Nowak, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London. Taxonomy This rat was first described by Cunha and Cruz in 1979 and is named in honour of the Brazilian naturalist Augusto Ruschi (1915 - 1986). Description A medium-sized rodent, Ruschi's rat has a broad head and rounded ears. Adults have a total length of between , about half of which is the tail. The fur is short and dense. Some of the hairs are slender while others are spiny, especially on the back and rump; each spiny hair is flattened and stiff, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhagomys Longilingua
The long-tongued arboreal mouse (''Rhagomys longilingua'') is a South American rodent species of the family Cricetidae. It is found in a variety of habitats, including dense forest, in Bolivia and Peru at elevations from on the eastern side of the Andes. The species is at least partly arboreal. It is distinguished from the Brazilian arboreal mouse (''R. rufescens''), the only other known member of ''Rhagomys'', by spiny fur and certain skull features such as the presence of beading in the interorbital region. Description The adult long-tongued arboreal mouse weighs in the range and has a tail that is nearly as long as the head-and-body length. The fur is short and dense, and consists of a mixture of long slender hairs and spines, giving the mouse a bristly appearance. The upper parts are olive-brown and the underparts are buffish ochre with fewer spines. The tail is dark above and slightly paler below, with rings of scales, and hairs increasing in length towards the tip and endi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noronhomys Vespuccii
''Noronhomys vespuccii'', also known as Vespucci's rodent, is an extinct rat species from the islands of Fernando de Noronha off northeastern Brazil. Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci may have seen it on a visit to Fernando de Noronha in 1503, but it subsequently became extinct, perhaps because of the exotic rats and mice introduced by the first explorers of the island. Numerous but fragmentary fossil remains of the animal, of uncertain but probably Holocene age, were discovered in 1973 and described in 1999. ''Noronhomys vespuccii'' was a fairly large rodent, larger than the black rat (''Rattus rattus''). A member of the family Cricetidae and subfamily Sigmodontinae, it shares several distinctive characters with ''Holochilus'' and related genera within the tribe Oryzomyini, including high-crowned molars with simplified crown features and the presence of several ridges on the skull which help anchor the chewing muscles. Although a suite of traits suggest that ''Holochilus'' is i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephelomys Nimbosus
''Nephelomys nimbosus'' is a species of rodent in the genus ''Nephelomys'' of family Cricetidae.Weksler et al., 2006, p. 18 Its type locality is at San Antonio on the northeastern slope of the Tungurahua in the Andes of Ecuador, at an altitude of about . The type series included five individuals.Anthony, 1926, p. 4 The fur of the upperparts is brown to blackish, becoming lighter towards the sides. The underparts are grayish, with a white patch at the throat. The long tail virtually lacks hairs and is darker above than below. In the holotype, the total length is , the head and body length is , the combined length of the tail vertebrae is , the hindfoot length (including claws) is , and the length of the skull is . In most species of ''Nephelomys'', the posterolateral palatal pits, perforations of the palate near the third molar, are conspicuous and receded into a depression or fossa, but in ''N. nimbosus'' and '' N. caracolus'', they are much smaller. It was first described, in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephelomys Caracolus
''Nephelomys caracolus'', also known as the Costa Central oryzomysMusser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1146 or caracol rice rat, is a species of rodent in the genus ''Nephelomys'' of family Cricetidae.Weksler et al., 2006, p. 18 It is found in cloud forest in the Cordillera de la Costa Central of Aragua, Miranda, and the Distrito Federal in north-central Venezuela at elevations from 1000 to 2500 m. It is nocturnal and terrestrial, and has a varied diet. In most ''Nephelomys'' species, the posterolateral palatal pits, perforations of the palate near the third molar, are conspicuous and receded into a fossa, but in ''N. caracolus'' and the Ecuadorian species '' N. nimbosus'', the pits are much smaller.Wekser et al., 2006, p. 19 Oldfield Thomas originally described the species, in 1914, as a member of ''Oryzomys'', ''Oryzomys caracolus''. From 1960 on, it was included in '' Oryzomys capito'', the current ''Hylaeamys megacephalus'', and subsequently in '' Oryzomys albigularis''. In the 1990 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nephelomys
''Nephelomys'' is a genus of South American oryzomyine rodents found in the Andes from Bolivia to Venezuela, with a westward extension into the mountains of Costa Rica. Its generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek word ''nephelê'' "mist", referring to the cloud forest habitat of the members of the genus. The species in this genus have historically been placed in ''Oryzomys'', but in 2006, Brazilian zoologist Marcelo Weksler and coworkers described it as a separate genus, because it is not closely related to the type species of ''Oryzomys''.Weksler, 2006 They are most closely related to other members of clade B, including ''Euryoryzomys'', ''Transandinomys'', '' Hylaeamys'', '' Oecomys'', and ''Handleyomys'', with some weak evidence supporting a sister-group relationship to ''Transandinomys''.Weksler et al., 2006, p. 20 ''Oryzomys'' appears in a different part of the oryzomyine evolutionary radiation, perhaps close to ''Holochilus'' and related genera. ''Nephelomys'' spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synapomorphy
In phylogenetics, an apomorphy (or derived trait) is a novel character or character state that has evolved from its ancestral form (or plesiomorphy). A synapomorphy is an apomorphy shared by two or more taxa and is therefore hypothesized to have evolved in their most recent common ancestor. ) In cladistics, synapomorphy implies homology. Examples of apomorphy are the presence of erect gait, fur, the evolution of three middle ear bones, and mammary glands in mammals but not in other vertebrate animals such as amphibians or reptiles, which have retained their ancestral traits of a sprawling gait and lack of fur. Thus, these derived traits are also synapomorphies of mammals in general as they are not shared by other vertebrate animals. Etymology The word —coined by German entomologist Willi Hennig—is derived from the Ancient Greek words (''sún''), meaning "with, together"; (''apó''), meaning "away from"; and (''morphḗ''), meaning "shape, form". Clade analysis T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
