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Portellsaurus
''Portellsaurus'' (meaning "Portell Lizard") is a genus of hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Margas de Mirambell Formation of Spain. The genus contains a single species, ''Portellsaurus sosbaynati'', known from a partial right dentary. Discovery and naming ''Portellsaurus'' was discovered in 1998 by Miquel Guardiola, Julián Yuste and Silvia Fabregat in a site near Mas de Curolles. The generic name, ''Portellsaurus'', comes from the Portell de Morella, the town where the holotype was recovered, and the specific name, ''sosbaynati'', refers to Vicente Sos Baynat, a Spanish geologist who was the first scientist honored by Universitat Jaume I as "Doctor Honoris Causa". Description ''Portellsaurus'' is known from an almost complete right dentary, MQ98-II-1, which is stored at the Colección Museográfica de Cinctorres in Castellón. ''Portellsaurus'' can be distinguished from other styracosternans through the possession of two unique features: the absence of a bulg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosauroid
Hadrosauroidea is a clade or superfamily of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or hadrosaurids, and all dinosaurs more closely related to them than to ''Iguanodon''. Their remains have been recovered in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the Asian '' Probactrosaurus'' and '' Altirhinus'', have traditionally been included in a paraphyletic (unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistic analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only ''Iguanodon'' and perhaps its closest relatives. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Andrew McDonald, 2012, and shows the position of Hadrosauroidea within Styracosterna. The cladogram below follows an analysis by Wu Wenhao and Pascal Godefroit (2012). Cladogram after Prieto-Marquez and Norell (2010). A phylogenetic analysis performed by Ramírez-Velasco ''et al.'' (2012) found a large polytom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosauroidea
Hadrosauroidea is a clade or superfamily of ornithischian dinosaurs that includes the "duck-billed" dinosaurs, or hadrosaurids, and all dinosaurs more closely related to them than to ''Iguanodon''. Their remains have been recovered in Asia, Europe, Africa and the Americas. Many primitive hadrosauroids, such as the Asian ''Probactrosaurus'' and ''Altirhinus'', have traditionally been included in a paraphyly, paraphyletic (unnatural grouping) "Iguanodontidae". With cladistics, cladistic analysis, the traditional Iguanodontidae has been largely disbanded, and probably includes only ''Iguanodon'' and perhaps its closest relatives. Classification The cladogram below follows an analysis by Andrew McDonald, 2012, and shows the position of Hadrosauroidea within Styracosterna. The cladogram below follows an analysis by Wu Wenhao and Pascal Godefroit (2012). Cladogram after Prieto-Marquez and Norell (2010). A phylogenetic analysis performed by Ramírez-Velasco ''et al.'' (2012) foun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barremian
The Barremian is an age in the geologic timescale (or a chronostratigraphic stage) between 129.4 ± 1.5 Ma (million years ago) and 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma). It is a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous Epoch (or Lower Cretaceous Series). It is preceded by the Hauterivian and followed by the Aptian Stage.See Gradstein ''et al.'' (2004) or the online geowhen database (link below) Stratigraphic definitions The original type locality for the Barremian Stage is in the vicinity of the village of Barrême, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. Henri Coquand defined the stage and named it in 1873. The base of the Barremian is determined by the first appearance of the ammonites ''Spitidiscus hugii'' and ''Spitidiscus vandeckii''. The end of the Barremian is determined by the geomagnetic reversal at the start of the M0r chronozone, which is biologically near the first appearance of the ammonite '' Paradeshayesites oglanlensis''. Regional equivalents The Barremian falls in the Gallic epoch, a su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanodon
''Iguanodon'' ( ; meaning 'iguana-tooth'), named in 1825, is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur. While many species have been classified in the genus ''Iguanodon'', dating from the late Jurassic Period to the early Cretaceous Period of Asia, Europe, and North America, taxonomic revision in the early 21st century has defined ''Iguanodon'' to be based on one well-substantiated species: ''I. bernissartensis'', which lived from the late Barremian to the earliest Aptian ages ( Early Cretaceous) in Belgium, Germany, England, Spain, and possibly elsewhere in Europe, between about 126 and 122 million years ago. ''Iguanodon'' was a large, bulky herbivore, measuring up to in length and in body mass. Distinctive features include large thumb spikes, which were possibly used for defense against predators, combined with long prehensile fifth fingers able to forage for food. The genus was named in 1825 by English geologist Gideon Mantell but discovered by William Harding Bensted, bas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fukuisaurus
''Fukuisaurus'' (meaning "Fukui lizard") is a genus of herbivorous ornithopod dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now Japan. The type species is ''F. tetoriensis'', which was named and described in 2003. Discovery and naming Remains of ''Fukuisaurus'' were discovered in 1989, in Katsuyama, Fukui Prefecture, in rocks from the Kitadani Formation, dating to the Barremian. The type species, ''Fukuisaurus tetoriensis'', was described in 2003 by Yoshitsugu Kobayashi and Yoichi Azuma. The genus name refers to Fukui; the specific name to the geological Tetori Group. The type specimens or cotypes are FPDM-V-40-1, a right maxilla, and FPDM-V-40-2, a right jugal. Further elements of a skull and a right sternal plate had been recovered.Kobayashi, Y. and Azuma, Y. (2003). "A new iguanodontian (Dinosauria; Ornithopoda), form the lower Cretaceous Kitadani Formation of Fukui Prefecture, Japan". ''Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology'' 23(1): 166-175 Since 2003 much more ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barilium
''Barilium'' is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur which was first described as a species of ''Iguanodon'' (''I. dawsoni'') by Richard Lydekker in 1888, the specific epithet honouring the discoverer Charles Dawson. In 2010 it was reclassified as a separate genus by David Norman. The generic name ''Barilium'' is derived from Greek ''barys'', "heavy", and Latin '' ilium''. Later in 2010, Kenneth Carpenter and Yusuke Ishida independently assigned it to the new genus ''Torilion'',Carpenter, K. and Ishida, Y. (2010).Early and “Middle” Cretaceous Iguanodonts in Time and Space. ''Journal of Iberian Geology'', 36 (2): 145-164. which is thus a junior objective synonym of ''Barilium''. It is known from two partial skeletons found near St Leonards-on-Sea in East Sussex, England, from the middle Valanginian-age Lower Cretaceous Wadhurst Clay. Lydekker based the species on the syntype series BMNH R798, 798a, 803-805, 806, 798b, 802, 802a and 799-801. Norman chose NHMUK R 798 and R802, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrosauriformes
Ankylopollexia is an extinct clade of ornithischian dinosaurs that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous. It is a derived clade of iguanodontian ornithopods and contains the subgroup Styracosterna. The name stems from the Greek word, “ankylos”, mistakenly taken to mean stiff, fused (in fact the adjective means bent or curved; used of fingers, it can mean hooked), and the Latin word, “pollex”, meaning thumb. Originally described in 1986 by Sereno, a most likely synapomorphic feature of a conical thumb spine defines the clade.Sereno, P.C. (1986). "Phylogeny of the bird-hipped dinosaurs (order Ornithischia)". National Geographic Research 2 (2): 234–56 First appearing around 156 million years ago, in the Jurassic, Ankylopollexia became an extremely successful and widespread clade during the Cretaceous, and were found around the world. The group died out at the end of the Maastrichtian. They grew to be quite large, comparable to some carnivorous dinosaurs and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iguanacolossus
''Iguanacolossus'' (meaning "Iguana Colossus" or "Colossal Iguana") is a genus of iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaur that lived in North America during the Early Cretaceous period. It is known from UMNH VP 20205, the associated holotype with a large partial skeleton of a single individual. Discovery and naming The holotype of ''Iguanacolossus'', UMNH VP 20205, was discovered by Donald D. DeBlieux in 2005, unearthed from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah; dating from the Valanginian stage in the Early Cretaceous, it wasn't named and described until 2010 by Andrew T. McDonald, James I. Kirkland, Donald D. DeBlieux, Scott K. Madsen, Jennifer Cavin, Andrew R. C. Milner, and Lukas Panzarin, along with the genus ''Hippodraco'', also from the Cedar Mountain Formation. UMNH VP 20205 is assigned to a single individual, including skull elements: fragmented predentary, partial right maxilla, right squamosal, teeth, right and left quadrates. Body remains compromise: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dakotadon
''Dakotadon'' (meaning "Dakota tooth") is a genus of iguanodont dinosaur from the Barremian-age Lower Cretaceous Lakota Formation of South Dakota, USA, known from a partial skull. It was first described in 1989 as '' Iguanodon lakotaensis'', by David B. Weishampel and Philip R. Bjork. Its assignment has been controversial. Some researchers suggest that ''"I." lakotaensis'' was more basal than ''I. bernissartensis'', and related to ''Theiophytalia'',Brill, Kathleen and Kenneth Carpenter. 2007. "A description of a new ornithopod from the Lytle Member of the Purgatoire Formation (Lower Cretaceous) and a reassessment of the skull of ''Camptosaurus''." ''Horns and Beaks'', 49–67. but David Norman has suggested that it was a synonym of ''I. bernissartensis''. Gregory S. Paul Gregory Scott Paul (born December 24, 1954) is an American freelance researcher, author and illustrator who works in paleontology, and more recently has examined sociology and theology. He is best known fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cedrorestes
''Cedrorestes'' is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Utah. It is based on an incomplete skeleton which was found in the Valanginian-age Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation. Discovery and history ''Cedrorestes'' is based on DMNH 47994, a partial skeleton including rib fragments, a sacrum, the left ilium and a portion of the right, a right thighbone, the right third metatarsal, and fragments of ossified tendons. These remains were in 2001 recovered from near the top of the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, in east-central Utah. They were found scattered in a calcareous mudstone, and showed evidence of pre-burial damage, from weathering or trampling. This genus can be told apart from other iguanodontian ornithopods by its combination of a tall ilium, as is present in ''Iguanodon''-like ornithopods, with a large lateral bony process above and behind the acetabulum and joint surface for the ischium, as is seen in hadrosaur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Owenodon
''Owenodon'' is a genus of iguanodontian dinosaur known from a partial lower jaw discovered in Early Cretaceous-age rocks of Durlston Bay, Dorset, United Kingdom. The specimen, NHM R2998, comes from the Purbeck Limestone, dating to the middle Berriasian stage (approximately 143 million years ago). It was first described by Richard Owen, who in 1874 assigned it to ''Iguanodon'' as the type specimen of the new species ''I. hoggii'', the specific name honouring naturalist A.J. Hogg who had originally collected the fossil in 1860. The bone was damaged during initial preparation but was freed from the surrounding rock matrix by an acid bath between 1975 and 1977. David Norman and Paul Barrett subsequently transferred the species to ''Camptosaurus'' in 2002, but this was challenged, and in 2009 Peter Galton assigned the species to the new genus ''Owenodon'', meaning "Owen's tooth", named after Sir Richard Owen. Galton interpreted the genus as an iguanodontoid more derived ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magnamanus
''Magnamanus'' is an extinct genus of herbivorous iguanodontian dinosaur that lived during the Early Cretaceous in what is now Spain in the Golmayo Formation. It contains a single species, ''Magnamanus soriaensis''. Description ''Magnamanus'' is a large ornithopod, with an estimated length of between nine and ten meters, and weight over three tons—a similar size to ''Iguanodon bernissartensis''. The hand is broad and similar to other basal members of Iguanodontia, with a protruding thumb spine and a fifth finger. The descriptors established nine distinctive features for this taxon, all autapomorphies. The dentary contributes to the front coronoid process of the lower jaw so that the last dentary tooth is located on the slope of the protrusion, instead of on the basis of it. The length of the shoulder amounts to six times the upper width, and seven times the minimum width. In the shoulder the front processus acromion is facing on the other side of the rear projection. When the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
