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Population Of Racibórz
In the 14th century, Racibórz was one of the most populous cities in Upper Silesia. However, over time, its population remained relatively stable, and the city began to lose its significance. Only in the past two centuries has Racibórz seen significant population growth, but it has not regained its former prominence due to the parallel growth of other cities. History The first mention of Racibórz dates back to 1108, but the population of the city during that period is difficult to determine. By the mid-14th century, Racibórz had around 3,100 inhabitants, making it one of the most populous cities in Upper Silesia. It had a similar population at the end of the 18th century. Since the 19th century, the population gradually increased, and by the end of the century, over 21,000 people lived in the city. In the 20th century, population growth was further amplified by the incorporation of neighboring towns into the city's borders. By the early 20th century, the population surpassed 30, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia ( ; ; ; ; Silesian German: ; ) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic. The area is predominantly known for its heavy industry (mining and metallurgy). Geography Upper Silesia is situated on the upper Oder River, north of the Eastern Sudetes mountain range and the Moravian Gate, which form the southern border with the historic Moravia region. Within the adjacent Silesian Beskids to the east, the Vistula River rises and turns eastwards, the Biała and Przemsza tributaries mark the eastern border with Lesser Poland. In the north, Upper Silesia borders on Greater Poland, and in the west on the Lower Silesian lands (the adjacent region around Wrocław also referred to as Middle Silesia). It is currently split into a larger Polish and the smaller Czech Silesian part, which is located within the Czech regions of Moravia-Silesia and Olomouc. The P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter's Pence
Peter's Pence (or ''Denarii Sancti Petri'' and "Alms of St Peter") are donations or payments made directly to the Holy See of the Catholic Church. The practice began under the Saxons in Kingdom of England, England and spread through Europe. Both before and after the Norman Conquest the practice varied by time and place: initially, it was given as a pious contribution, whereas later it was required by various rulers and collected like a Church tax, tax. Though formally discontinued in England at the time of the English Reformation, Reformation, a post-Reformation payment of uncertain character was seen in some English manorialism, manors into the 19th century. In 1871, Pope Pius IX formalized the practice of lay members of the church and "other persons of good will" providing financial support to the Roman See. Modern "Peter's Pence" proceeds are used by the Pope for philanthropic works throughout the world and for administrative costs of the Vatican state. Medieval payment (1031 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racibórz County
__NOTOC__ Racibórz County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland, on the Czech Republic, Czech border. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Racibórz, which lies west of the regional capital Katowice. The county also contains the towns of Kuźnia Raciborska, lying north of Racibórz, and Krzanowice, south-west of Racibórz. The county covers an area of . As of 2019 its total population is 108,388, out of which the population of Racibórz is 54,778, that of Kuźnia Raciborska is 5,359, that of Krzanowice is 2,157, and the rural population is 46,094. Neighbouring counties Racibórz County is bordered by Głubczyce County to the west, Kędzierzyn-Koźle County to the north, Gliwice County to the north-east, and the city of Rybnik, Rybnik County and Wodzisław County to the east. It also borders t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oder
The Oder ( ; Czech and ) is a river in Central Europe. It is Poland's second-longest river and third-longest within its borders after the Vistula and its largest tributary the Warta. The Oder rises in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming of the border between Poland and Germany as part of the Oder–Neisse line. The river ultimately flows into the Szczecin Lagoon north of Szczecin and then into three branches (the Dziwna, Świna and Peene) that empty into the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea. Names The Oder is known by several names in different languages, but the modern ones are very similar: English and ; Czech, Polish, and , ; (); ; Medieval Latin: ''Od(d)era''; Renaissance Latin: ''Viadrus'' (invented in 1534). The origin of this name is said by onomastician Jürgen Udolph to come from the Illyrian word ''*Adra'' (“water vein”). Ptolemy knew the modern Oder as the Συήβος (''Suebos''; Latin ''Suevus''), a name apparen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brzezie, Racibórz
Brzezie () is a dzielnica (district) of Racibórz, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It is located on the right bank of the Oder river, across the old town. History The village was mentioned already in 1223. It became a seat of a Catholic parish in Żory deanery of Diocese of Wrocław, established probably in the second half of the 13th century, first mentioned in 1335 as ''Birkindorf'' in an incomplete register of Peter's Pence payment composed by Galhard de Carceribus. Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, within feudally fragmentated Poland, ruled by a local branch of the Silesian Piast dynasty. As a result of further fragmentation, since 1281 it formed part of the Duchy of Racibórz, which became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1327. From 1521, it was part of the reunited Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, remaining under the Piast dynasty until 1532, when it was integrated with Habsburg-ruled Bohemian Crown. In 1645 it return ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Racibórz Castle
Racibórz Castle is a stronghold mentioned in ''Gesta principum Polonorum'' of Gallus Anonymus in an entry dated to the year 1108. The first brick sections were likely built around the mid-13th century. History It is speculated that the first mention of the Racibórz stronghold dates back to around 845 in a text known as the Bavarian Geographer. It mentions the Golensizi tribe inhabiting the Upper Oder Basin, which had five strongholds. Based on research, it is presumed that one of these strongholds was Racibórz. It is also assumed that it could have been Eburium, the legendary capital of the Quadi. The Latin work ''Commentarius belli adversum Turcas ad Viennam...'' by Wespazjan Kochowski, which discusses John III Sobieski's expedition to Vienna, describes the 24th of August, the day when the king arrived at the Racibórz Castle, as follows:''From Tarnowskie Góry through Gliwice and Rudy, marching along the road amidst forests to Racibórz, where once was the capital of the Q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesian Uprisings
The Silesian Uprisings (; ; ) were a series of three uprisings from August 1919 to July 1921 in Upper Silesia, which was part of the Weimar Republic at the time. Ethnic Polish and Polish-Silesian insurrectionists, seeking to have the area transferred to the newly founded Polish Republic, fought German police and paramilitary forces which sought to keep the area part of the new German state founded after World War I and the subsequent revolutions in Germany. Following the conflict, the area was divided between the two countries. The rebellions have subsequently been commemorated in modern Poland as an example of Polish nationalism. Despite central government involvement in the conflict, Polish historiography renders the events as uprisings reflecting the will of ordinary Upper Silesians rather than a war. In total, several thousand people may have died violently in the militant clashes in Upper Silesia between 1919 and 1921. About four fifths of the victims were killed during th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1921 Upper Silesia Plebiscite
The Upper Silesia plebiscite was a plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty and carried out on 20 March 1921 to determine ownership of the province of Upper Silesia between Weimar Germany and the Second Polish Republic. The region was ethnically mixed with both Germans and Poles. According to prewar statistics, ethnic Poles formed 60 percent of the population. Under the previous rule by the German Empire, Poles claimed they had faced discrimination and had been effectively second-class citizens. The period of the plebiscite campaign and the Allied occupation was marked by violence. Three Polish uprisings occurred, and German volunteer paramilitary units came to the region. The area was policed by French, British and Italian troops and overseen by an Interallied Commission. The Allies planned a partition of the region, but a Polish insurgency took control of over half the area. The Germans responded with the Freikorps, volunteer paramilitary units from all over Germany tha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moravian Language
Moravian dialects () are the varieties of Czech spoken in Moravia, a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. There are more forms of the Czech language used in Moravia than in the rest of the Czech Republic. The main four groups of dialects are the Bohemian-Moravian group, the Central Moravian group, the Eastern Moravian group and the Lach (Silesian) group (which is also spoken in Czech Silesia). While the forms are generally viewed as regional variants of Czech, some Moravians (108,469 in the 2011 census) claim them to be one separate Moravian language. Moravian dialects are considerably more varied than the dialects of Bohemia, and span a dialect continuum linking Bohemian and West Slovak dialects. A popular misconception holds that eastern Moravian dialects are closer to Slovak than Czech, but this is incorrect; in fact, the opposite is true, and certain dialects in far western Slovakia exhibit features more akin to standard Czech than to standard Slovak. Until ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a significant role in the unification of Germany in 1871 and was a major constituent of the German Empire until its German Revolution of 1918–1919, dissolution in 1918. Although it took its name from the Prussia (region), region called Prussia, it was based in the Margraviate of Brandenburg. Its capital was Berlin. The list of monarchs of Prussia, kings of Prussia were from the House of Hohenzollern. The polity of Brandenburg-Prussia, predecessor of the kingdom, became a military power under Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, known as "The Great Elector". As a kingdom, Prussia continued its rise to power, especially during the reign of Frederick the Great, Frederick II "the Great".Horn, D. B. "The Youth of Frederick the Great 1712–30." ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golensizi
The Golensizi (, , ) were a tribe of West Slavs, specifically of the Lechitic tribes (one of the Silesian tribes), living in the Early Middle Ages and inhabiting southern territories of what was later known as Upper Silesia, on the upper Oder River. The area was settled by Slavs after it was abandoned by the Germanic tribes between the 5th and 6th century. Later the organised tribe of Golensizi according to Bavarian Geographer had 5 ''civitates'' (strongholds). Among them most notable were located in Lubomia (the biggest), Chotěbuz and Hradec nad Moravicí which was in 1155 mentioned as ''Gradice Golenzicezke''. Some of them were most probably destroyed at the end of 9th century by Svatopluk I, the king of Great Moravia. The settlement from the destroyed Chotěbuz moved to Castle Hill (Góra Zamkowa) in what is today a city of Cieszyn. Some historians claim that the area was then ruled by Great Moravia, however, that is now disputed.I. Panic, 2009, p. 249. In 990 the area wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
