Popular Independent Movement
The Popular Independent Movement (french: Mouvement indépendant populaire), abbreviated to MIP, was a Luxembourgish single-issue political party in the 1960s. It sought to represent the interests of the 12,000 people who had been conscripted into the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Luxembourg during the Second World War.Thewes (2006), p. 160 The party tried to claim compensation for those conscripted from the government of West Germany as victims of Nazi Germany. A 1959 treaty between West Germany and Luxembourg, compensating Luxembourg for the German occupation and recognising the legitimacy of the actions of the resistance, was thought by the former conscripts to discriminate against them, who dubbed it the 'Treaty of Shame' (french: traité de la honte).Thewes (2006), p. 155 The treaty took two years to ratify, after a protracted debate in the Chamber of Deputies and a protest of 10,000 people in Place Guillaume II, in Luxembourg City. The Popular Independent Movem ...
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small landlocked country in Western Europe. It borders Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France to the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg, is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union (together with Brussels, Frankfurt, and Strasbourg) and the seat of several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority. Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are highly intertwined with its French and German neighbors; while Luxembourgish is legally the only national language of the Luxembourgish people, French and German are also used in administrative and judicial matters and all three are considered administrative languages of the cou ...
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Luxembourgian Legislative Election, 1945
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 21 October 1945. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 They were the first elections held after the German occupation during World War II. As a result of the war, the political alliances of the interwar period had been ended. In their place were new parties; the Christian Social People's Party, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, and the Patriotic and Democratic Group in place of the Party of the Right, Socialist Party, and Radical Liberal Party respectively. It is regarded as a realigning election, as the election established the party political order, with four established parties, that would be maintained until 1974. The conservatives remained the dominant faction, and the Christian Social People's Party's leader, Pierre Dupong, was invited to head another government. The election was also a success for both liberal and communist candidates, with both the Patriotic and Demo ...
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Political Parties Disestablished In 1968
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including wa ...
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Luxembourg In World War II
The involvement of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in World War II began with its invasion by German forces on 10 May 1940 and lasted beyond its liberation by Allied forces in late 1944 and early 1945. Luxembourg was placed under occupation and was annexed into Germany in 1942. During the occupation, the German authorities orchestrated a programme of "Germanisation" of the country, suppressing non-German languages and customs and conscripting Luxembourgers into the ''Wehrmacht'', which led to extensive resistance, culminating in a general strike in August 1942 against conscription. The Germanisation was facilitated by a collaborationist political group, the ''Volksdeutsche Bewegung'', founded shortly after the occupation. Shortly before the surrender, the government had fled the country along with Grand Duchess Charlotte, eventually arriving in London, where a Government-in-exile was formed. Luxembourgish soldiers also fought in Allied units until liberation. Background The Luxem ...
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Defunct Political Parties In Luxembourg
Defunct (no longer in use or active) may refer to: * ''Defunct'' (video game), 2014 * Zombie process or defunct process, in Unix-like operating systems See also * * :Former entities * End-of-life product * Obsolescence Obsolescence is the state of being which occurs when an object, service, or practice is no longer maintained or required even though it may still be in good working order. It usually happens when something that is more efficient or less risky r ...

Luxembourgian Legislative Election, 1979
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 10 June 1979. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 The Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 24 of the 59 seats in the Chamber of Deputies. After spending the previous four years in opposition, it returned to government in coalition with the Democratic Party, resulting in the Werner-Thorn Ministry.Nohlen & Stöver, p1236 Results References {{Luxembourgian elections Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Luxembourg Legislative election, 1979 History of Luxembourg (1945–present) Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

Enrôlés De Force
''Enrôlés de Force'' ( lb, Zwangsrekrutéierten, german: Zwangsrekruten) was a Luxembourgish single-issue political party and pressure group. It sought to represent the interests of the 12,000 people who had been conscripted into the Wehrmacht during the German occupation of Luxembourg during the Second World War. The party tried to claim compensation for those conscripted from the government of West Germany as victims of Nazi Germany. ''Enrôlés de Force'' won a single seat in the Chamber of Deputies at the 1979 legislative election, having won 4.4% of the vote. In office, they lobbied for official recognition from Luxembourg's government that conscripts were victims of Nazi Germany, which was achieved on 12 June 1981: ending a thirty-year national debate. The party dissolved after achieving this success, and its sole deputy joined the Christian Social People's Party. ''Enrôlés de Force'' was the second party to represent this interest, after the Popular Independent Move ...
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Party Of National Solidarity (Luxembourg)
The National Solidarity Party ( es, Partido Solidaridad Nacional, PSN) was a political party in Guatemala. In the general election held on 9 November 2003, the party was part of the Grand National Alliance (GANA). In the legislative election, GANA won 24.3% of the vote, and 47 out of 158 seats in Congress. The presidential candidate of the alliance, Óscar Berger Perdomo Oscar or Oskar is a masculine given name of Irish origin. Etymology The name is derived from two elements in Irish: the first, ''os'', means "deer"; the second element, ''car'', means "loving" or "friend", thus "deer-loving one" or "friend of deer" ..., won 34.3% at the presidential elections of the same day. He won 54.1% at the second round and was elected president. In November 2005, following the withdrawal of the other two member parties from GANA, the PSN ceded its registration as a political party to the Grand National Alliance. In effect, the PSN became the GAN Conservative parties in Guatemala Defunct ...
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Inter-Parliamentary Union
The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and cooperation among its members; other initiatives include advancing gender parity among legislatures, empowering youth participation in politics, and sustainable development. The organization was established in 1889 as the Inter-Parliamentary Congress. Its founders were statesmen Frédéric Passy of France and William Randal Cremer of the United Kingdom, who sought to create the first permanent forum for political multilateral negotiations. Initially, IPU membership was reserved for individual Member of Parliament, parliamentarians, but has since transformed to include the legislatures of sovereign states. As of 2020, the national parliaments of 179 countries are members of the IPU, while 13 regional parliamentary assemblies are associate membe ...
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Luxembourgian Legislative Election, 1968
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 15 December 1968.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 The Christian Social People's Party (CSV) remained the largest party, winning 21 of the 56 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.Nohlen & Stöver, p1262 Following the elections the CSV dropped their previous coalition partners, the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, and formed a new government with the Democratic Party. This led to the creation of the second Werner-Schaus government. Results References Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Luxembourg General History of Luxembourg (1945–present) Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...

Democratic Party (Luxembourg)
The Democratic Party ( lb, Demokratesch Partei, french: Parti démocratique, german: Demokratische Partei), abbreviated to DP, is the major liberal political party in Luxembourg. One of the three major parties, the DP sits on the centre-right,Dumont et al (2003), p. 412 with some centrist factions. holding moderate market liberal views combined with a strong emphasis on civil liberties, human rights, and internationalism. The Democratic Party's traditional ideological spectrum was evaluated as conservative-liberal, but now it is often evaluated as social-liberal.Hearl (1988), p. 386 Founded in 1955, the party is currently led by Corinne Cahen. Its former president, Xavier Bettel, has been the Prime Minister of Luxembourg since 2013, leading the Bettel-Schneider government in coalition with the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens. It is the second-largest party in the Chamber of Deputies, with twelve seats out of sixty, having won 17% of the vote at the 2 ...
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Luxembourgian Legislative Election, 1964
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 7 June 1964.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1244 Despite receiving fewer votes than the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party, the Christian Social People's Party remained the largest party, winning 22 of the 56 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.Nohlen & Stöver, p1262 Results References {{Luxembourgian elections Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) elections Legislative election, 1964 Luxembourg General election Luxembourg Luxembourg ( ; lb, Lëtzebuerg ; french: link=no, Luxembourg; german: link=no, Luxemburg), officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, ; french: link=no, Grand-Duché de Luxembourg ; german: link=no, Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small lan ...