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Polyneoptera
The cohort Polyneoptera is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages. Taxonomy The ''Polyneoptera Species File'' lists the following: Superorder Dermapterida * †Protelytroptera Superorder Dictyoptera * Blattodea – cockroaches and termites * Mantodea – praying mantises Superorder Orthopterida Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera * †Caloneurodea * † Geraroptera * Orthoptera – 2 extant suborders: ** Caelifera – grasshoppers, groundhoppers, pygmy mole-crickets ** Ensifera – crickets, mole-crickets, katydids or bush c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthopterida
The cohort Polyneoptera is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages. Taxonomy The ''Polyneoptera Species File'' lists the following: Superorder Dermapterida * †Protelytroptera Superorder Dictyoptera * Blattodea – cockroaches and termites * Mantodea – praying mantises Superorder Orthopterida Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera * †Caloneurodea * † Geraroptera * Orthoptera – 2 extant suborders: ** Caelifera – grasshoppers, groundhoppers, pygmy mole-crickets ** Ensifera – crickets, mole-crickets, katydids or bush c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chresmodidae
Chresmodidae is an extinct family of Mesozoic insects within the superorder Polyneoptera. Genera *'' Chresmoda'' Late Jurassic-Cenomanian, Worldwide *'' Jurachresmoda'' Zhang, Ren & Shih, 2008 Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation *'' Sinochresmoda'' Zhang, Ren & Pang, 2008 Early Cretaceous, Yixian Formation '' Prochresmoda'' from the Triassic of Kyrgyzstan is not currently considered part of the group and is considered to be more closely related to '' Triassophasma'' and '' Palaeochresmoda''. Description ''Chresmodidae'' are large enigmatic insects with very long specialized legs, probably adapted for skating on the water surface, similar to extant water skaters. They can reach a size of about . and even . These Polyneoptera (partial syn Archaeorthoptera) of uncertain position have been considered aquatic, living on the water surface, probably predaceous on nektonic small animals.A. Nel, D. Azar, X. Martinez-Delclos and E. Makhoul A new Upper Cretaceous species of Chresmoda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoptera
Neoptera (Ancient Greek ''néos'' (“new”) + ''pterón'' (“wing”)) is a classification group that includes most orders of the winged insects, specifically those that can flex their wings over their abdomens. This is in contrast with the more basal orders of winged insects (the "Palaeoptera" assemblage), which are unable to flex their wings in this way. Classification The taxon Neoptera was proposed by А.М. Martynov in 1923 and 1924, in the following classification: Pterygota *division Palaeoptera **order Odonata **order Agnatha (correct name: Ephemeroptera) **†order Dictyoneuridea **†order Megasecoptera **†order Meganisoptera **†order Protephemeroidea *division Neoptera **superorder Endopterygota **subdivision Polyneoptera ***superorder Orthopteroidea (Anartioptera) ****order Orthoptera ****order Plecoptera ****order Dermaptera ****order Embioptera ****order Phasmatodea ***superorder Blattopteroidea (senior name: Pandictyoptera) ****order Blattodea **** ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dermaptera
Earwigs make up the insect order Dermaptera. With about 2,000 species in 12 families, they are one of the smaller insect orders. Earwigs have characteristic cerci, a pair of forcep-like pincers on their abdomen, and membranous wings folded underneath short, rarely used forewings, hence the scientific order name, "skin wings". Some groups are tiny parasites on mammals and lack the typical pincers. Earwigs are found on all continents except Antarctica. Earwigs are mostly nocturnal and often hide in small, moist crevices during the day, and are active at night, feeding on a wide variety of insects and plants. Damage to foliage, flowers, and various crops is commonly blamed on earwigs, especially the common earwig ''Forficula auricularia.'' Earwigs have five molts in the year before they become adults. Many earwig species display maternal care, which is uncommon among insects. Female earwigs may care for their eggs, and even after they have hatched as nymphs will continue to w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embioptera
The order (biology), order Embioptera, commonly known as webspinners or footspinners, are a small group of mostly Tropics, tropical and Subtropics, subtropical insects, classified under the Subclass (biology), subclass Pterygota. The order has also been called Embiodea or Embiidina. More than 400 species in 11 families have been described, the oldest known fossils of the group being from the mid-Jurassic. Species are very similar in appearance, having long, flexible bodies, short legs, and only males having wings. Webspinners are gregarious, living Sociality#Subsociality, subsocially in galleries of fine silk which they spin from glands on their forelegs. Members of these colonies are often related females and their offspring; adult males do not feed and die soon after mating. Males of some species have wings and are able to disperse, whereas the females remain near where they were hatched. Newly mated females may vacate the colony and found a new one nearby. Others may emerge t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plecoptera
Plecoptera is an order of insects, commonly known as stoneflies. Some 3,500 species are described worldwide, with new species still being discovered. Stoneflies are found worldwide, except Antarctica. Stoneflies are believed to be one of the most primitive groups of Neoptera, with close relatives identified from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian geological periods, while true stoneflies are known from fossils only a bit younger. Their modern diversity, however, apparently is of Mesozoic origin. Plecoptera are found in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, and the populations are quite distinct, although the evolutionary evidence suggests species may have crossed the equator on a number of occasions before once again becoming geographically isolated. All species of Plecoptera are intolerant of water pollution, and their presence in a stream or still water is usually an indicator of good or excellent water quality. Description and ecology Stoneflies have a generaliz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dictyoptera
Dictyoptera (from Greek δίκτυον ''diktyon'' "net" and πτερόν ''pteron'' "wing") is an insect superorder that includes two extant orders of polyneopterous insects: the order Blattodea (termites and cockroaches together) and the order Mantodea (mantises). While all modern Dictyoptera have short ovipositors, the oldest fossils of Dictyoptera have long ovipositors, much like members of the Orthoptera. Classification and phylogeny The use of the term Dictyoptera has changed over the years, and while largely out of use for much of the last century, it is becoming more widely used. It has usually been considered a superorder, with Isoptera, Blattodea and Mantodea being its three orders. In some classifications, however, Dictyoptera is shifted to order status and in others the order Isoptera has been subsumed under Blattodea while retaining Dictyoptera as a superorder. Regardless, in all classifications the constituent groups are the same, just treated at different rank. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanoptera
Titanoptera is an extinct order of neopteran insects from late Carboniferous to Triassic periods. Titanopterans were very large in comparison with modern insects, some having wingspans of up to or even . Description Titanopterans are related to modern grasshoppers, but were much larger, had proportionally weaker hindlegs that could not allow the animals to leap, and grasping forelegs and elongated mandibles. Another distinctive feature was the presence of prominent fluted regions on the forewings, which may have been used in stridulation. The general shape and anatomy of the titanopterans suggests that they were predators. An examination of a fossil of the oldest titanopteran genus, ''Theiatitan'' compared to modern insects seems to indicate they did not utilize stridulation, but used flashes of light from wing displays and crepitation, moving its wings to produce sound. The authors argue that none of the stridulation, crepitation, castanet signaling or light flash alone full ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protelytroptera
Protelytroptera is an extinct order of insects thought to be a stem group from which the modern Dermaptera evolved. These insects, which resemble modern Blattodea, or Cockroaches, are known from the Permian of North America, Europe and Australia, from the fossils of their shell-like forewings and the large, unequal, anal fan. None of their fossils are known from the Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system (stratigraphy), system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Year#Abbreviations yr and ya, Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 ..., when the morphological changes from Protelytroptera to Dermaptera presumably took place. References Polyneoptera Extinct insect orders Earwigs Earwig taxonomy Permian insects {{permian-insect-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemimetabola
Hemimetabolism or hemimetaboly, also called incomplete metamorphosis and paurometabolism,McGavin, George C. ''Essential Entomology: An Order-by-Order Introduction''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. pp. 20. is the mode of development of certain insects that includes three distinct stages: the egg, nymph, and the adult stage, or imago. These groups go through gradual changes; there is no pupal stage. The nymph often has a thin exoskeleton and resembles the adult stage but lacks wings and functional reproductive organs. The hemimetabolous insects differ from ametabolous taxa in that the one and only adult instar undergoes no further moulting. Orders All insects of the Pterygota except Holometabola belong to hemimetabolous orders: * Hemiptera ( scale insects, aphids, whitefly, cicadas, leafhoppers, and true bugs) * Orthoptera ( grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets) *Mantodea (praying mantises) *Blattodea (cockroaches and termites) *Dermaptera (earwigs) *Odonata (dragonflies ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
