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Polygonia
''Polygonia'' (from Greek language, Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name Nymphalini, anglewing butterflies. The related genus ''Nymphalis'' also includes some anglewing species; ''Polygonia'' is sometimes classified as a subgenus of ''Nymphalis''. Many members of ''Polygonia'' hibernation, hibernate as adults. Species include:Wahlberg, N. et al. (2009)Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of ''Polygonia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini).''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 9:92. * ''Polygonia c-album'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – comma * ''Polygonia c-aureum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Asian comma * ''Polygonia comma'' (Harris, 1842) – eastern comma * ''Polygonia egea'' (Cramer, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia C-album
''Polygonia c-album'', the comma, is a food generalist ( polyphagous) butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. The angular notches on the edges of the forewings are characteristic of the genus ''Polygonia'', which is why species in the genus are commonly referred to as anglewing butterflies. Comma butterflies can be identified by their prominent orange and dark brown/black dorsal wings. To reduce predation, both the larval and adult stages exhibit protective camouflage, mimicking bird droppings and fallen leaves, respectively. During the later stage of development, the larvae also develop strong spines along their backs. The species is commonly found in Europe, North Africa, and Asia, and contains several subspecies. Although the species is not migratory, the butterflies are strong fliers, resulting in an open population structure with high gene flow and increased genetic variation. Description The outer margins of the wings are strongly and irregularly dentate, e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia G-argenteum
''Polygonia'' (from Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name anglewing butterflies. The related genus ''Nymphalis'' also includes some anglewing species; ''Polygonia'' is sometimes classified as a subgenus of ''Nymphalis''. Many members of ''Polygonia'' hibernate as adults. Species include:Wahlberg, N. et al. (2009)Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of ''Polygonia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini).''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 9:92. * ''Polygonia c-album ''Polygonia c-album'', the comma, is a food generalist ( polyphagous) butterfly species belonging to the family Nymphalidae. The angular notches on the edges of the forewings are characteristic of the genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Zephyrus
''Polygonia'' (from Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name anglewing butterflies. The related genus ''Nymphalis'' also includes some anglewing species; ''Polygonia'' is sometimes classified as a subgenus of ''Nymphalis''. Many members of ''Polygonia'' hibernate as adults. Species include:Wahlberg, N. et al. (2009)Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of ''Polygonia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini).''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 9:92. * ''Polygonia c-album'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – comma * '' Polygonia c-aureum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Asian comma * '' Polygonia comma'' (Harris, 1842) – eastern comma * '' Polygonia egea'' (Cramer, 1775) – southern comma * '' Polygo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Haroldii
''Polygonia'' (from Greek πολύς - ''polys'', "many" and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name anglewing butterflies. The related genus ''Nymphalis'' also includes some anglewing species; ''Polygonia'' is sometimes classified as a subgenus of ''Nymphalis''. Many members of ''Polygonia'' hibernate as adults. Species include:Wahlberg, N. et al. (2009)Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of ''Polygonia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini).''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 9:92. * ''Polygonia c-album'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – comma * '' Polygonia c-aureum'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – Asian comma * '' Polygonia comma'' (Harris, 1842) – eastern comma * '' Polygonia egea'' (Cramer, 1775) – southern comma * '' Polygo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Faunus
''Polygonia faunus'', the green comma, Faunus comma, or Faunus anglewing is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. Subspecies Subspecies include: *''Polygonia faunus smythi'' *''Polygonia faunus faunus'' *''Polygonia faunus articus'' *''Polygonia faunus rusticus'' (brown - west), *''Polygonia faunus hylas'' (gray - Rockies) Some authors split ''Polygonia faunus'' into the above-mentioned subspecies, on the basis of differences in the color of the underside and their distribution. However most authors consider them as regional variants. Distribution and habitat This species can be found in the boreal North America, from central Alaska south to central California and northern New Mexico. It is also present across the Great Lakes area to New England, the Maritimes and in the southern Appalachians. The ''green comma'' mainly occurs in forests, mountain woodlands, near streams and in canyons. Description The wingspan of ''Polygonia faunus'' can reach about 45–64 mm. These ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Interrogationis
''Polygonia interrogationis'', commonly called the question mark butterfly, is a North American nymphalid butterfly. It lives in wooded areas, city parks, generally in areas with a combination of trees and open space. The color and textured appearance of the underside of its wings combine to provide camouflage that resembles a dead leaf. The adult butterfly has a wingspan of . Its flight period is from May to September. "The silver mark on the underside of the hindwing is broken into two parts, a curved line and a dot, creating a ?-shaped mark that gives the species its common name." Lifecycle Like other species in the order of Lepidoptera, the question mark is a holometabolous Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and imago (or adult). Holometabolism is a synapomorphic trait of all insects in the superorder Endopterygota. ... insect that undergoes four life stages. These four l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Comma
''Polygonia comma'', the eastern comma, is a North American butterfly in the family Nymphalidae, subfamily Nymphalinae. Description This butterfly is seasonally variable. The upperside of the summer form's hindwings are all black, whereas the winter forms hindwings are reddish orange. The underside of both forms is striped with dark and light brown. There is a silvery comma mark in the middle of the hindwing in both forms. Its wingspan is . Habitat The eastern comma may be spotted in woods near rivers, ponds, marshes, swamps, and other water sources. Nectar plants This butterfly seldom visits flowers, but rather feeds on sap, rotting fruit, salts and minerals from puddling, and dung. Host plants Caterpillars feed on paper birch (''Betula papyrifera''), false nettle (''Boehmeria cylindrica''), hackberry ('' Celtis occidentalis''), hops (''Humulus''), wood nettle (''Laportea canadensis''), currants and gooseberries (''Ribes'' spp.), basswood (''Tilia americana''), American el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Gracilis
The hoary comma (''Polygonia gracilis'') is a species of butterfly, common in boreal North America from Alaska, across southern Canada to New England and the Maritime Provinces and south to New Mexico from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The wings have a distinctive ragged edge. Adult butterflies feed on tree sap and nectar from sweet everlasting (''Gnaphalium'') as well as other flowers. Caterpillars feed on shrub leaves including currant (''Ribes''), western azalea (''Rhododendron occidentale'') and mock azalea (''Rhododendron menziesii''). The species survives the winter in the adult stage in diapause In animal dormancy, diapause is the delay in development in response to regular and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S. (1986) ''Seasonal Adaptations of Insects''. Oxford University Press I ... and mate and lay eggs in the spring. Butterflies emerge from their chrysalids in midsummer. References Exte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Oreas
''Polygonia oreas'', the oreas comma, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in North America in the mountains from southern British Columbia and southwestern Alberta to northern California. The wingspan is 42–52 mm. The butterfly flies from June to October depending on the location. Its habitats include coastal redwood forests and mountain conifer forests. The larvae feed on ''Ribes ''Ribes'' is a genus of about 200 known species of flowering plants, most of them native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The various species are known as currants or gooseberries, and some are cultivated for their edible ...'' species. Adults feed on tree sap and rotting fruit; they rarely feed on flower nectar. Similar species * Green comma (''P. faunus'') * Grey comma (''P. progne'') References External links Oreas comma Butterflies and Skippers of North AmericaOreas comma Butterflies of Canada Nymphalini Butterflies of North America Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Interposita
''Polygonia interposita'' is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found from Ghissar to the Altai Mountains, north-western China, the Himalayas and Mongolia Mongolia; Mongolian script: , , ; lit. "Mongol Nation" or "State of Mongolia" () is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of , with a population of just 3.3 million, .... The habitat consists of gorges and slopes up to 2,500 meters above sea level. Adults are on wing from March to October in two generations per year. Subspecies *''Polygonia interposita interposita'' (Ghissar-Darvaz, Pamirs-Alai, Tian-Shan, Saur, Tarbagatai, Dzhungarsky Alatau, Altai) *''Polygonia interposita adya'' Churkin, 2003 (Mongolia) *''Polygonia interposita tibetana'' Elwes, 1888 (north-western China) References Nymphalini Butterflies described in 1881 Taxa named by Otto Staudinger Butterflies of Asia {{Nymphalinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Progne
''Polygonia progne'', the gray comma or grey comma, is a species of '' Polygonia'' that occurs in North America. Description Its wingspan is between 4.4 and 6.3 cm. The top of the wings is bright orange brown while the summer forms often have a dark border on the hindwing. Both winter and summer forms have few yellow spots on their wing borders. The underside of the wings have L-shaped silver markings and are charcoal gray. Habitat They can often be found around dirt roads and stream beds. Most often they are found in hilly terrain or canyon lands. Life cycle The adults are on wing two times a year, once in April and May and another in June and August. During the first flight the adults mate and lay eggs. These eggs will hatch and become the summer generation. The summer generation's eggs will hatch in October and hibernate. Larval foods * Gooseberry * Azalea Adult foods * Plant sap Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polygonia Gigantea
''Polygonia gigantea'', the giant comma, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in western and central China. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, the Boeing 777–200 has a wingspan of , and a wandering albatross (''Diomedea exulans'') caught in 1965 had a wingspan o ... is about 72 mm. References Nymphalini Butterflies described in 1883 Taxa named by John Henry Leech {{Nymphalinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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