Polonoceras
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Polonoceras
''Polonoceras'' is a genus included in the goniatitid subfamily Aulatornoceratinae named by Dybczynski, 1913. The type species is ''Polonoceras planum'' Dybczynski. According to Miller, et al. in the American Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 1957, ''Polonoceras'' is a subgenus of ''Tornoceras ''Tornoceras'' is a strongly involute, subdiscoidal Middle and Upper Devonian goniatite with a suture that forms six to ten lobes. '' Aulatornoceras'', '' Protornoceras'', '' Epitornoceras'', '' Lobotornoceras'' are among related genera inclu ...''. ''Polonoceras'', which lived during the Late Devonian, has an involute or moderately evolute, discoidal shell with a high aperture and flattened, grooved venter. The adventitious lobe, next to the ventral lobe, is widely rounded, the Ventro-lateral saddle narrow and sometimes higher than lateral saddle. ''Polonoceras'' is found in Europe, in Poland, where it was discovered. It is also reported from Upper Devonian (middle Famenn ...
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Aulatornoceratinae
Aulatornoceratinae is one of three subfamilies of the goniatitid family Tornoceratidae, an extinct order of Paleozoic ammonoid cephalopods. ''Aulotornoceratinae'' was established as a subfamily by R.T.Becker, 1993, initially for '' Aulatornoceras'', named by Schindewolf, 1922. Subsequently, four other genera have been added. Members (genera) of the Aulotornoceratinae are known from the Late/Upper Devonian of Western Australia and Alsace, France. In France their fossils are found in well bedded pelagic (deep ocean) limy mudstones, Frasnian in age, with a paleolatatude of about 32° south. Current latitude is 43.4° N. In Western Australia, in Canning Basin, they are found in Frasnian and Famennian The Famennian is the latter of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration estimates that it lasted from around 371.1 million years ago to 359.3 million years ago. An earlier 2012 estimate, still used b ..., (Upper Devonian), marginal slope ...
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Tornoceratidae
Tornoceratidae is a family of goniatitid ammonoids from the middle and upper Devonian. The family is included in the suborder Tornoceratina and the superfamily Tornoceratoidea. Tornoceratids are subdiscoidal goniatitids with biconvex growth lines and sutures that form 6 to 10 lobes, the ventral one undivided, the lateral ones originating as subdivisions of external and internal lateral saddle. They are derived from the Anarcestida. Taxonomy Tornoceratidae as now understood is essentially the Tornoceratidae of Arthaber (1911) described in the American Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, revised to include three subfamilies, the Tornoceratinae, Aulatornoceratinae, and Falcitornoceratinae. Miller ''et al''. (1957) included the Tornoceratidae without subfamilies in the Cheilocerataceae, a superfaminily in the Goniatitida which also includes the Cheiloceratidae. Tornoceratinae is based on the genus ''Tornoceras'' described by Alpheus Hyatt in 1884. Aulatornocera ...
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Famennian
The Famennian is the latter of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration estimates that it lasted from around 371.1 million years ago to 359.3 million years ago. An earlier 2012 estimate, still used by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, estimated that it lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage. Major events In the seas, a novel major group of ammonoid cephalopods called clymeniids appeared, underwent tremendous diversification and spread worldwide, then just as suddenly went extinct. The beginning of the Famennian is marked by the final stages of a major extinction event, the Kellwasser Event, which is the largest component of the Late Devonian Mass extinction. The end of the Famennian experiences a smaller but still quite severe extinction event, the Hangenberg Event. A brief episode of glaciation, possibly linked to the Hangenber ...
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Goniatitida
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are Ammonoidea, ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become Permian–Triassic extinction event, extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later. Morphology All goniatites possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers filled with gas giving it buoyancy during the life of the animal. An open chamber at the front of the shell provided living space for the goniatitid animal, with access to open water through a ventral siphuncle. The general morphology and habit of goniatites was probably similar to that of their later relatives the Ammonitida, ammonites, being free swimming and possessing a head with two well developed eyes and arms (or tentacles). G ...
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Treatise On Invertebrate Paleontology
The ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' (or ''TIP'') published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and extant (still living) invertebrate animals. The prehistoric invertebrates are described as to their taxonomy, morphology, paleoecology, stratigraphic and paleogeographic range. However, taxa with no fossil record whatsoever have just a very brief listing. Publication of the decades-long ''Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology'' is a work-in-progress; and therefore it is not yet complete: For example, there is no volume yet published regarding the post-Paleozoic era caenogastropods (a molluscan group including the whelk and Common periwinkle, periwinkle). Furthermore, every so often, previously published volumes of the ''Treatise'' are revised. Evolution of the proje ...
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Tornoceras
''Tornoceras'' is a strongly involute, subdiscoidal Middle and Upper Devonian goniatite with a suture that forms six to ten lobes. '' Aulatornoceras'', '' Protornoceras'', '' Epitornoceras'', '' Lobotornoceras'' are among related genera included in the Tornoceratidae Tornoceratidae is a family of goniatitid ammonoids from the middle and upper Devonian. The family is included in the suborder Tornoceratina and the superfamily Tornoceratoidea. Tornoceratids are subdiscoidal goniatitids with biconvex growth l .... Inclusion however varies from classification to classification. References Tornoceratidae Goniatitida genera Devonian animals of Europe Devonian animals Late Devonian animals Devonian animals of Africa Middle Devonian first appearances Late Devonian genus extinctions {{Goniatitida-stub ...
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Late Devonian Ammonites
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Goniatitida Genera
Goniatids, informally goniatites, are ammonoid cephalopods that form the order Goniatitida, derived from the more primitive Agoniatitida during the Middle Devonian some 390 million years ago (around Eifelian stage). Goniatites (goniatitids) survived the Late Devonian extinction to flourish during the Carboniferous and Permian only to become extinct at the end of the Permian some 139 million years later. Morphology All goniatites possessed an external shell, which is divided internally into chambers filled with gas giving it buoyancy during the life of the animal. An open chamber at the front of the shell provided living space for the goniatitid animal, with access to open water through a ventral siphuncle. The general morphology and habit of goniatites was probably similar to that of their later relatives the ammonites, being free swimming and possessing a head with two well developed eyes and arms (or tentacles). Goniatite shells are small to medium in size, almost always l ...
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Ammonites Of Australia
Ammonoids are a group of extinct marine mollusc animals in the subclass Ammonoidea of the class Cephalopoda. These molluscs, commonly referred to as ammonites, are more closely related to living coleoids (i.e., octopuses, squid and cuttlefish) than they are to shelled nautiloids such as the living ''Nautilus'' species. The earliest ammonites appeared during the Devonian, with the last species vanishing during the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Ammonites are excellent index fossils, and linking the rock layer in which a particular species or genus is found to specific geologic time periods is often possible. Their fossil shells usually take the form of planispirals, although some helically spiraled and nonspiraled forms (known as heteromorphs) have been found. The name "ammonite", from which the scientific term is derived, was inspired by the spiral shape of their fossilized shells, which somewhat resemble tightly coiled rams' horns. Pliny the Elder ( 79 AD near Pompe ...
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Famennian Life
The Famennian is the latter of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration estimates that it lasted from around 371.1 million years ago to 359.3 million years ago. An earlier 2012 estimate, still used by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, estimated that it lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage. Major events In the seas, a novel major group of ammonoid cephalopods called clymeniids appeared, underwent tremendous diversification and spread worldwide, then just as suddenly went extinct. The beginning of the Famennian is marked by the final stages of a major extinction event, the Kellwasser Event, which is the largest component of the Late Devonian Mass extinction. The end of the Famennian experiences a smaller but still quite severe extinction event, the Hangenberg Event. A brief episode of glaciation, possibly linked to the Hangenber ...
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Famennian Genus First Appearances
The Famennian is the latter of two faunal stages in the Late Devonian Epoch. The most recent estimate for its duration estimates that it lasted from around 371.1 million years ago to 359.3 million years ago. An earlier 2012 estimate, still used by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, estimated that it lasted from million years ago to million years ago. It was preceded by the Frasnian stage and followed by the Tournaisian stage. Major events In the seas, a novel major group of ammonoid cephalopods called clymeniids appeared, underwent tremendous diversification and spread worldwide, then just as suddenly went extinct. The beginning of the Famennian is marked by the final stages of a major extinction event, the Kellwasser Event, which is the largest component of the Late Devonian Mass extinction. The end of the Famennian experiences a smaller but still quite severe extinction event, the Hangenberg Event. A brief episode of glaciation, possibly linked to the Hangenber ...
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