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Polonne Urban Hromada
Polonne () is a city on the Khomora River in Shepetivka Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. Polonne hosts the administration of Polonne urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The current estimated population is Polonne is situated on the Shepetivka-Berdychiv railroad line. Various industries within the city include porcelain, ceramic. History Polonne has been known at least since 996, when it was first mentioned as a taxation subject in relation to Prince Volodymyr the Great's Desyatynna Church. Throughout the Middle Ages Polonne was known by its castle, also enjoying Magdeburg Rights. In 1648 Jews (including the well-known Samson ben Pesah Ostropoli) who had taken refuge within the town's walls were massacred by the troops of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. In Modern times received city status since 1938. The Jewish population was important in the town. During World War II, the Germans occupied the town kept the Jews imprisoned in a ghetto. They were guarde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shepetivka Raion
Shepetivka Raion ( uk, Шепетівський район) is a raion in Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Shepetivka. Its population is On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast was reduced to three, and the area of Shepetivka Raion was significantly expanded. Four abolished raions, Bilohiria, Iziaslav, Polonne, and Slavuta Raions, as well as the cities of Netishyn, Slavuta, and Shepetivka, which were previously incorporated as a cities of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion, were merged into Shepetivka Raion. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was It was established in 1923. 1 urban-type settlement ( Hrytsiv) and 68 villages were located in Shepetivka Raion until 2020. Geography Shepetivka Region is a part of Volhynia. It is one out 20 Raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. It is a large Raion and ranks as the 8th among the largest with respect to the t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi ( Ruthenian: Ѕѣнові Богданъ Хмелнiцкiи; modern ua, Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький; 6 August 1657) was a Ukrainian military commander and Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host, which was then under the suzerainty of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates (1648–1654) that resulted in the creation of an independent Ukrainian Cossack state. In 1654, he concluded the Treaty of Pereyaslav with the Russian Tsar and allied the Cossack Hetmanate with Tsardom of Russia, thus placing central Ukraine under Russian protection. During the uprising the Cossacks lead massacre of thousands of Jewish people during 1648–1649 as one of the more traumatic events in the history of the Jews in Ukraine and Ukrainian Nationalism. Early life Although there is no definite proof of the date of Khmelnytsky's birth, Russian historian Mykha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shtetls
A shtetl or shtetel (; yi, שטעטל, translit=shtetl (singular); שטעטלעך, romanized: ''shtetlekh'' (plural)) is a Yiddish term for the small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jewish populations which existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust. The term is used in the contexts of peculiarities of former East European Jewish societies as islands within the surrounding non-Jewish populace, and bears certain socio-economic and cultural connotations.Marie Schumacher-Brunhes"Shtetl" ''European History Online'', published July 3, 2015 Shtetls (or shtetels, shtetlach, shtetelach or shtetlekh) were mainly found in the areas that constituted the 19th-century Pale of Settlement in the Russian Empire as well as in Congress Poland, Austrian Galicia, Kingdom of Romania and in the Kingdom of Hungary. In Yiddish, a larger city, like Lviv or Chernivtsi, is called a ' ( yi, שטאָט), and a village is called a ' ( yi, דאָרף). "Shtetl" is a diminutive of ' with the meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volhynian Governorate
Volhynian Governorate or Volyn Governorate (russian: Волы́нская губе́рния, translit=Volynskaja gubernija, uk, Волинська губернія, translit=Volynska huberniia) was an administrative-territorial unit initially of the Russian Empire, created at the end of 1796 after the Third Partition of Poland from the territory of the short-lived Volhynian Vice-royalty and Wołyń Voivodeship (1569–1795), Wołyń Voivodeship. After the Peace of Riga, part of the governorate became the Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939), new Wołyń Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic, while the other part stayed as a part of the Ukrainian SSR until 1925 when it was abolished on resolution of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee and Counsel of People's Commissars. History Until 1796 the guberniya was administrated as a namestnichestvo (Vice-royalty). It was initially centred in Iziaslav, Ukraine, Iziaslav and was called the Izyaslav namesnichestvo. It was cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cities In Khmelnytskyi Oblast
A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution. Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesia Ukrainka
Lesya Ukrainka ( uk, Леся Українка ; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, uk, Лариса Петрівна Косач; – ) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active political, civil, and feminist activist. Among her best-known works are the collections of poems ''On the wings of songs'' (1893), ''Thoughts and Dreams'' (1899), ''Echos'' (1902), the epic poem ''Ancient fairy tale'' (1893), ''One word'' (1903), plays ''Princess'' (1913), ''Cassandra'' (1903—1907), ''In the Catacombs'' (1905), and ''Forest Song'' (1911). Biography Lesya Ukrainka was born in 1871 in the town of Novohrad-Volynskyi (now Zviahel) of Ukraine. She was the second child of Ukrainian writer and publisher Olha Drahomanova-Kosach, better known under her literary pseudonym Olena Pchilka. Ukrainka's father was Petro Kosach (from the Kosača noble family), head of the district assembly of conciliators, who came from the northe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaiah Leo Sharfman
Isaiah Leo Sharfman (February 19, 1886, Polonne, Russian Empire – September 9, 1969, Washington, D.C.) was an American economist. He was a professor at the University of Michigan from 1914 to 1955 and served as the president of the American Economic Association in 1945. Early life and education Sharfman was born into a Jewish family in the Russian Empire and came to the United States in 1894. He attended Boston Latin School and Harvard University, graduating with an B. A. in 1907 and LL.B. in 1910. He was an assistant in economics at Harvard College while studying for his degree in law. Career After graduating from Harvard Law School Sharfman took up a professorship for law and political science at the Imperial Pei-Yang University in China. He returned to the United States after two years and briefly worked as the Chief Investigator for the Department on Regulation of Interstate and Municipal Utilities for the National Civic Federation of New York. He joined the faulty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Mol
Leonid Molodozhanyn, known as Leo Mol, (January 15, 1915 – July 4, 2009) was a Ukrainian Canadian stained glass artist, painter and sculptor. History Born Leonid Molodozhanyn in Polonne, Russian Empire (now Ukraine), Mol learned the art of ceramics in his father's pottery workshop. Mol studied sculpture at the Leningrad Academy of Arts from 1936 to 1940. Following the German invasion of the Soviet Union he was deported to Germany where he was influenced by Arno Breker. In 1945, he moved to The Hague, and in December, 1948, he and his wife, Margareth (whom he married in 1943), emigrated to Winnipeg, Manitoba. In 1949, he held his first ceramics exhibition in Winnipeg. Mol was known for his sculptures of square dancers, skiers, aboriginals, and wildlife. Mol also completed more than 80 stained-glass windows in churches throughout Winnipeg. More than three hundred of Mol's works are displayed in the 1.2 hectare Leo Mol Sculpture Garden in Winnipeg's Assiniboine Park which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peretz Markish
Peretz Davidovich Markish ( yi, פּרץ מאַרקיש ) (russian: Перец Давидович Маркиш) (7 December 1895 (25 November OS) – 12 August 1952) was a Russian Jewish poet and playwright who wrote predominantly in Yiddish. Early years Peretz Markish was born in 1895 in Polonne, the Russian Empire (now Ukraine) to a Sephardi Jewish family. As a child he attended a cheder and sang in the choir of the local synagogue. He served as a private in the Russian Imperial Army during World War I. He was discharged from the army after the Russian Revolution, and settled in Ekaterinoslav (now Dnipropetrovsk), Ukraine. In 1918, he relocated to Kiev. Life Markish's first poetry collection, ''Shveln'' ("Thresholds"), published in Kiev in 1919, established his reputation. His poetry cycle ''Di kupe'' ("The Heap"; 1921) was written in response to the Ukrainian pogroms of 1919–20. In the early 1920s, he was a member of the Kiev group of Yiddish poets that included David H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polonne Raion
Polonne Raion ( uk, Полонський район) was a raion of Khmelnytskyi Oblast in Ukraine. Its administrative center is Polonne. It was established in 1923. 1 city (Polonne), 1 urban-type settlement and 45 villages were located in Polonne Raion. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast to three. The area of Polonne Raion was merged into Shepetivka Raion. The last estimate of the raion population was Geography Polonne Raion was a part of Volhynia. It was one out 20 Raions of Khmelnytskyi Oblast. This was a small raion, it occupied 15th place among the districts of the region (866 km² corresponds to 4,2% of the total area of Khmelnytskyi Oblast). Polonne Raion was east of Shepetivka Raion, north of Starokostiantyniv Raion, west and south-west of Zhytomyr Oblast ( Liubar Raion, Romaniv Raion and Baranivka Raion). The Sluch, Homora, Derevychka, Smilka and ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Einsatzgruppen
(, ; also ' task forces') were (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe. The had an integral role in the implementation of the so-called "Final Solution to the Jewish question" () in territories conquered by Nazi Germany, and were involved in the murder of much of the intelligentsia and cultural elite of Poland, including members of the Catholic priesthood. Almost all of the people they murdered were civilians, beginning with the intelligentsia and swiftly progressing to Soviet political commissars, Jews, and Romani people, as well as actual or alleged partisans throughout Eastern Europe. Under the direction of Heinrich Himmler and the supervision of SS- Reinhard Heydrich, the operated in territories occupied by the Wehrmacht (German armed forces) following the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and the invasion of the Soviet Union in Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghetto
A ghetto, often called ''the'' ghetto, is a part of a city in which members of a minority group live, especially as a result of political, social, legal, environmental or economic pressure. Ghettos are often known for being more impoverished than other areas of the city. Versions of the ghetto appear across the world, each with their own names, classifications, and groupings of people. The term was originally used for the Venetian Ghetto in Venice, Italy, as early as 1516, to describe the part of the city where Jewish people were restricted to live and thus segregated from other people. However, early societies may have formed their own versions of the same structure; words resembling ''ghetto'' in meaning appear in Hebrew, Yiddish, Italian, Germanic, Old French, and Latin. During the Holocaust, more than 1,000 Nazi ghettos were established to hold Jewish populations, with the goal of exploiting and killing the Jews as part of the Final Solution. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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