Polonia Sanz Y Ferrer
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Polonia Sanz Y Ferrer
Polonia Sanz y Ferrer (died 1892) was a Spanish dentist, the first qualified woman to practice dentistry in Spain. On 10 April 1849 she was issued a license by the Academy of Medicine and Surgery in Valencia, which was confirmed after an examination on 20 December 1849, to practice dentistry, such as "clean teeth, remove teeth ..and other operations practiced by dentists". She was met with great resistance from male colleagues, and was forced to defend herself in public. Among her clients were the Moroccan prince Muley el Abbas. She was not able to achieve her ambition to be appointed honorary dentist to the Spanish court. She also published a work about dentistry. She was one of the first women in the modern world to be issued a dentist license. Her predecessor María Rajoó, who practiced as a dentist in Madrid in 1800–1830, was not licensed as she was. Her license was however only to practice dentistry, since the profession of dentistry was not a medical profession in Spain ...
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María Rajoó
Maria may refer to: People * Mary, mother of Jesus * Maria (given name), a popular given name in many languages Place names Extraterrestrial *170 Maria, a Main belt S-type asteroid discovered in 1877 * Lunar maria (plural of ''mare''), large, dark basaltic plains on Earth's Moon Terrestrial * Maria, Maevatanana, Madagascar * Maria, Quebec, Canada *Maria, Siquijor, the Philippines * María, Spain, in Andalusia * Îles Maria, French Polynesia * María de Huerva, Aragon, Spain * Villa Maria (other) Arts, entertainment, and media Films * ''Maria'' (1947 film), Swedish film * ''Maria'' (1975 film), Swedish film * ''Maria'' (2003 film), Romanian film * ''Maria'' (2019 film), Filipino film * ''Maria'' (2021 film), Canadian film directed by Alec Pronovost * ''Maria'' (Sinhala film), Sri Lankan upcoming film Literature * ''María'' (novel), an 1867 novel by Jorge Isaacs * ''Maria'' (Ukrainian novel), a 1934 novel by the Ukrainian writer Ulas Samchuk * ''Maria'' (play), a 193 ...
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Francisca García
The francisca (or francesca) is a throwing axe used as a weapon during the Early Middle Ages by the Franks, among whom it was a characteristic national weapon at the time of the Merovingians from about 500 to 750 and is known to have been used during the reign of Charlemagne (768–814). Although generally associated with the Franks, it was also used by other Germanic peoples of the period, including the Anglo-Saxons; several examples have been found in England.Underwood, Richard (1999). ''Anglo-Saxon Weapons and Warfare''. p.35-37. Tempus Publishing. . Etymology The term ''francisca'' first appeared in the book '' Etymologiarum sive originum, libri XVIII'' by Isidore of Seville (c. 560–636) as a name used in Hispania to refer to these weapons "because of their use by the Franks". The historian Gregory of Tours (c. 538–594) in his ''History of the Franks'' uses two Latin terms for the Frankish axe: ''securis'' and ''bipennis''. The régime of Vichy France used ...
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Clara V
Clara may refer to: Organizations * CLARA, Latin American academic computer network organization * Clara.Net, a European ISP * Consolidated Land and Rail Australia, a property development consortium People * Clara (given name), a feminine given name (includes a list of people and fictional characters with this name) * Saint Clara or Clare of Assisi ; Surname * Florian Clara (born 1988), Italian luger * Roland Clara (born 1982), Italian cross country skier Places France * Clara, Pyrénées-Orientales, a commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales ''département'' in southwestern France Ireland * Clara, County Kilkenny, a parish * Clara, County Offaly, a town in Ireland ** Clara Bog, a wetland near the town of Clara, County Offaly * Clara, County Wicklow, sometimes referred to as the "smallest village in Ireland" United Kingdom *Clara Vale, a village in Tyne and Wear, England United States *Clara, Florida, area on the border of Taylor County and Dixie County * Clara City, Minnesota * ...
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Spanish Dentists
Spanish might refer to: * Items from or related to Spain: **Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain **Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries **Spanish cuisine Other places * Spanish, Ontario, Canada * Spanish River (other), the name of several rivers * Spanish Town, Jamaica Other uses * John J. Spanish (1922–2019), American politician * "Spanish" (song), a single by Craig David, 2003 See also * * * Español (other) * Spain (other) * España (other) * Espanola (other) * Hispania, the Roman and Greek name for the Iberian Peninsula * Hispanic, the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain * Hispanic (other) * Hispanism * Spain (other) * National and regional identity in Spain * Culture of Spain * Spanish Fort (other) Spanish Fort or Old Spanish Fort may refer to: United States * Spanish Fort, Alabama, a city * Spanish Fort (Colorado ...
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1892 Deaths
Year 189 ( CLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Silanus and Silanus (or, less frequently, year 942 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 189 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Plague (possibly smallpox) kills as many as 2,000 people per day in Rome. Farmers are unable to harvest their crops, and food shortages bring riots in the city. China * Liu Bian succeeds Emperor Ling, as Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty. * Dong Zhuo has Liu Bian deposed, and installs Emperor Xian as emperor. * Two thousand eunuchs in the palace are slaughtered in a violent purge in Luoyang, the capital of Han. By topic Arts and sciences * Galen publishes his ''"Treatise on the various temperaments"'' (aka ''O ...
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19th-century Spanish Women Physicians
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of ...
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19th-century Spanish Physicians
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large S ...
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