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Pollard Report
Pollard may refer to: Places in the United States * Pollard, Alabama, a town * Pollard, Arkansas, a city * Pollard, Kansas, an unincorporated community People * Pollard (surname), a list of people with the surname * Pollard Hopewell (between 1786 and 1789 – 1813), midshipman in the United States Navy * Charles Pollard Olivier (1884–1975), American astronomer * James Pollard Espy (1785–1860), American meteorologist * Ngoia Pollard Napaltjarri (born c. 1948), Australian indigenous (Warlpiri people) artist * Thomas Pollard Sampson (1875–1961), Australian architect Flora and fauna *Pollard, an animal or a tree which has been polled (had its antlers or horns, or branches removed): **Pollard, a deer which has cast its antlers **Pollard or polled livestock, hornless livestock of normally-horned species **Pollard, a tree affected by pollarding, a method for shaping trees, cropping the branches above head-height * Pollard, the European chub (''Squalius cephalus''), a freshwater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard, Alabama
Pollard is a town in Escambia County, Alabama, United States. It was the first established county seat of Escambia County, from its creation in 1868 until 1883, when it lost that distinction to Brewton. At the 2020 census, the population was 128. Geography Pollard is located in south-central Escambia County at (31.027340, -87.172342). It is south and east of U.S. Routes 31 and 29, east of Flomaton, and southwest of Brewton. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 120 people, 48 households, and 33 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 64 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 51.67% White, 41.67% Black or African American, 1.67% Native American, 0.83% from other races, and 4.17% from two or more races. 1.67% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 48 households, out of which 31.3 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollarding
Pollarding is a pruning system involving the removal of the upper branches of a tree, which promotes the growth of a dense head of foliage and branches. In ancient Rome, Propertius mentioned pollarding during the 1st century BCE. The practice occurred commonly in Europe since medieval times, and takes place today in urban areas worldwide, primarily to maintain trees at a determined height or to place new shoots out of the reach of grazing animals. Traditionally, people pollarded trees for one of two reasons: for fodder to feed livestock or for wood. Fodder pollards produced "pollard hay" for livestock feed; they were pruned at intervals of two to six years so their leafy material would be most abundant. Wood pollards were pruned at longer intervals of eight to fifteen years, a pruning cycle tending to produce upright poles favored for fencing and boat construction. Supple young willow or hazel branches may be harvested as material for weaving baskets, fences, and garden construct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bran
Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the hard outer layers of Cereal, cereal grain. It consists of the combined aleurone and pericarp. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). Along with cereal germ, germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a byproduct of milling in the production of refined grains. Bran is present in cereal grain, including rice, maize, corn (maize), wheat, oats, barley, rye and millet. Bran is not the same as chaff, which is a coarser scaly material surrounding the grain but not forming part of the grain itself, and which is indigestible by humans. "chaff, which is indigestible for humans" Composition Bran is particularly rich in dietary fiber and essential fatty acids and contains significant quantities of starch, protein, vitamins, and dietary minerals. It is also a source of phytic acid, an antinutrient that prevents nutrient absorption. The high oil content of bran makes it subject to rancidification, one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard (novel)
''Pollard'' is the debut novel of Laura Beatty, first published in hardback in 2008 by Chatto & Windus and the following year in paperback by Vintage Books. This was her first novel though she had previously written biographies. It won the Authors' Club First Novel Award The Authors' Club Best First Novel Award is awarded by the Authors' Club to the most promising first novel of the year, written by a British author and published in the UK during the calendar year preceding the year in which the award is presented. ... and was shortlisted for the Ondaatje Prize Plot introduction The novel concerns Anne, a teenager who leaves her chaotic home life and finds sanctuary in the nearby woods where she makes a new life for herself, foraging and hunting for food and building a house... Inspiration The author lives in Salcey Forest in Northamptonshire, one of the few remaining medieval hunting forests in England and which provided the inspiration for the novel, including a tree-top ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard (coin)
Pollard may refer to: Places in the United States * Pollard, Alabama, a town * Pollard, Arkansas, a city * Pollard, Kansas, an unincorporated community People * Pollard (surname), a list of people with the surname * Pollard Hopewell (between 1786 and 1789 – 1813), midshipman in the United States Navy * Charles Pollard Olivier (1884–1975), American astronomer * James Pollard Espy (1785–1860), American meteorologist * Ngoia Pollard Napaltjarri (c. 1948–2022), Australian indigenous (Warlpiri people) artist * Thomas Pollard Sampson (1875–1961), Australian architect Flora and fauna *Pollard, a tree affected by pollarding (cropping of the upper branches) *Pollard, a deer which has cast its antlers *Pollard or polled livestock, hornless livestock of normally-horned species *Pollard, the European chub (''Squalius cephalus''), a freshwater fish Mathematics *Several algorithms created by British mathematician John Pollard: ** Pollard's kangaroo algorithm ** Pollard's '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard's Rho Algorithm
Pollard's rho algorithm is an algorithm for integer factorization. It was invented by John Pollard in 1975. It uses only a small amount of space, and its expected running time is proportional to the square root of the smallest prime factor of the composite number being factorized. Core ideas The algorithm is used to factorize a number n = pq, where p is a non-trivial factor. A polynomial modulo n, called g(x) (e.g., g(x) = (x^2 + 1) \bmod n), is used to generate a pseudorandom sequence. It is important to note that g(x) must be a polynomial. A starting value, say 2, is chosen, and the sequence continues as x_1 = g(2), x_2 = g(g(2)), x_3 = g(g(g(2))), etc. The sequence is related to another sequence \. Since p is not known beforehand, this sequence cannot be explicitly computed in the algorithm. Yet, in it lies the core idea of the algorithm. Because the number of possible values for these sequences is finite, both the \ sequence, which is mod n, and \ sequence will eventually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard's P − 1 Algorithm
Pollard's ''p'' − 1 algorithm is a number theoretic integer factorization algorithm, invented by John Pollard in 1974. It is a special-purpose algorithm, meaning that it is only suitable for integers with specific types of factors; it is the simplest example of an algebraic-group factorisation algorithm. The factors it finds are ones for which the number preceding the factor, ''p'' − 1, is powersmooth; the essential observation is that, by working in the multiplicative group modulo a composite number ''N'', we are also working in the multiplicative groups modulo all of ''Ns factors. The existence of this algorithm leads to the concept of safe primes, being primes for which ''p'' − 1 is two times a Sophie Germain prime ''q'' and thus minimally smooth. These primes are sometimes construed as "safe for cryptographic purposes", but they might be ''unsafe'' — in current recommendations for cryptographic strong primes (''e.g.'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard's Kangaroo Algorithm
In computational number theory and computational algebra, Pollard's kangaroo algorithm (also Pollard's lambda algorithm, see Naming below) is an algorithm for solving the discrete logarithm problem. The algorithm was introduced in 1978 by the number theorist J. M. Pollard, in the same paper as his better-known Pollard's rho algorithm for solving the same problem. Although Pollard described the application of his algorithm to the discrete logarithm problem in the multiplicative group of units modulo a prime ''p'', it is in fact a generic discrete logarithm algorithm—it will work in any finite cyclic group. Algorithm Suppose G is a finite cyclic group of order n which is generated by the element \alpha, and we seek to find the discrete logarithm x of the element \beta to the base \alpha. In other words, one seeks x \in Z_n such that \alpha^x = \beta. The lambda algorithm allows one to search for x in some interval ,\ldots,bsubset Z_n. One may search the entire range of possibl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Pollard (mathematician)
John M. Pollard (born 1941) is a British mathematician who has invented algorithms for the factorization of large numbers and for the calculation of discrete logarithms. His factorization algorithms include the rho, ''p'' − 1, and the first version of the special number field sieve, which has since been improved by others. His discrete logarithm algorithms include the rho algorithm for logarithms and the kangaroo algorithm. He received the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics RSA may refer to: Organizations Academia and education * Rabbinical Seminary of America, a yeshiva in New York City *Regional Science Association International (formerly the Regional Science Association), a US-based learned society *Renaissance S .... External links John Pollard's web site Living people 20th-century British mathematicians 21st-century British mathematicians Number theorists Place of birth missing (living people) 1941 births {{UK-mathematician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Chub
''Squalius cephalus'' is a European species of freshwater fish in the carp family Cyprinidae. It frequents both slow and moderate rivers, as well as canals and still waters of various kinds. This species is referred to as the common chub, European chub, or simply chub. Description It is a stocky fish with a large rounded head. Its body is long and cylindrical in shape and is covered in large greenish-brown scales which are edged with narrow bands of black across the back, paling to golden on the flanks and even paler on the belly. The tail is dark brown or black, the dorsal fin is a greyish-green in colour and all the other fins are orange-red. The dorsal fin has 3 spines and 7-9 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 7-10 rays. The vertebrae count is 42-48. It can grow to 60 cm standard length but most fish are around 30 cm. Distribution The chub is distributed throughout most of northern Eurasia, it can be found in the rivers flowing into the North, Baltic, n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polled Livestock
Polled livestock are livestock without horns in species which are normally horned. The term refers to both breeds and strains that are naturally polled through selective breeding and also to naturally horned animals that have been disbudded. Natural polling occurs in cattle, yaks, water buffalo, and goats, and in these animals it affects both sexes equally; in sheep, by contrast, both sexes may be horned, both polled, or only the females polled. The history of breeding polled livestock starts about 6000 years BC. Terminology The archaic term or is sometimes used to refer to hornless livestock (especially cattle) in folk songs, folk tales, and poetry, and in the name of the polled Irish Moiled cattle breed. "Muley" derives from Irish and Scottish Gaelic ''maol'', and Welsh ''moel''. Genetics In cattle, the polled allele is genetically dominant to that for horns. The polled trait is far more common in beef breeds than in dairy breeds. CRISPR technology is being developed t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pollard, Arkansas
Pollard is a city in Clay County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 222 at the 2010 census. History Pollard is named for a family of early settlers who operated a general store that became home to the town's post office in 1876. The post office briefly moved to the nearby Tucker plantation and became known as "Advance," but was eventually restored to Pollard. A railroad line was constructed through Pollard in 1914 to serve area timber operations, and a town was platted around the newly constructed depot. Pollard incorporated in 1921. Geography Pollard is located at (36.430686, -90.268820). The town is located at the intersection of U.S. Route 62 and Arkansas Highway 139, northwest of Piggott, and a few miles south of the Arkansas- Missouri state line. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.8 km (0.3 mi2), all land. Demographics As of the census of 2000, there were 240 people, 96 households, and 72 families res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
