|
Polish Writers' Union
The Polish Writers' Union or the Union of Polish Writers ( pl, Związek Literatów Polskich, ZLP) was established at a meeting of Polish writers and activists in Lublin behind the Soviet front line, during the liberation of Poland by the Red Army in 1944. Its initial name (Professional Union of Polish Writers) came from the similar organization formed in 1920 by renowned Polish novelist Stefan Żeromski, called ''Związek Zawodowy Literatów Polskich'' which was deactivated during World War II. The name was shortened to Polish Writers' Union at the 1949 conference in Szczecin, in order to reflect the new government-imposed policy of Socialist realism in Poland advanced by the Polish communist party of that period. In the following years, the two official organs of ZLP were ''Twórczość'' monthly and the weekly ''Nowa Kultura''. After the socialist revolution of 1956 the Union became less of a political arm of the United Workers' Party, and more of a true writers' organization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stefan Żeromski
Stefan Żeromski ( ; 14 October 1864 – 20 November 1925) was a Polish novelist and dramatist belonging to the Young Poland movement at the turn of the 20th century. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature". He also wrote under the pen names Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla, and Stefan Iksmoreż. He was nominated four times for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Life Stefan Żeromski was born on 14 October 1864 at Strawczyn, near Kielce. On 2 September 1892, he married a widow, Oktawia Rodkiewiczowa, ''née'' Radziwiłłowiczówna, whom he had met at a spa in Nałęczów, co-owned by her stepfather. One of the witnesses at the wedding was the novelist Bolesław Prus, an admirer of Oktawia's who had not been in favor of the marriage. The newlyweds moved to Switzerland, where Żeromski worked from 1892 to 1896 as a librarian at the Polish National Museum in Rapperswil . At Oktawia's request Prus, though no admirer of Żeromski's writings, helped the struggling coup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Public Security (Poland)
The Ministry of Public Security ( pl, Ministerstwo Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego), commonly known as UB or later SB, was the secret police, intelligence and counter-espionage agency operating in the Polish People's Republic. From 1945 to 1954 it was known as the Department of Security (, UB), and from 1956 to 1990 as the Security Service (, SB). The initial UB was headed by Public Security General Stanisław Radkiewicz and supervised by Jakub Berman of the Polish Politburo. The main goal of the Department of Security was the swift eradication of anti-communist structures and socio-political base of the Polish Underground State, as well as the persecution of former underground soldiers of the Home Army () and later anti-communist organizations like Freedom and Independence (WiN). The Ministry of Public Security was established on 1 January 1945 and ceased operations on 7 December 1954. It was the chief secret service in communist Poland during the period of Stalinism. Throug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wojciech Żukrowski
Wojciech Żukrowski (14 April 1916 in Kraków – 26 August 2000 in Warsaw) was a Polish prosaist, poet, reporter, essayist and literary critic. Life In 1936, Żukrowski graduated from High School Zana in Pruszkow. In the same year he made his writing debut in a youth magazine, ''Kuźnia Młodych''. After basic military training, in 1937, he matriculated at Jagiellonian University. He began his studies at the Faculty of Law in accordance with the wishes of his father, a lawyer and economist. However, in 1938, he transferred his studies to the Faculty of Humanities, studying Polish philology.Stone Tablets by Wojciech Zukrowski (Author), Stephanie Kraft (Translator) Paul Dry Books, Philadelphia; At the outbreak of World War II, he joined the Polish Army horse artillery. He was wounded in his right leg. Stephanie Kraft, who translated his novel, ''Kamienne tablice'' (''Stone Tablets''), to English wrote that during the German occupation of Poland in World War II, Żukrowski wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halina Auderska
Halina Maria Auderska (3 July 1904 – 21 February 2000) was a Polish screenwriter, writer and politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a .... References 1904 births 2000 deaths Home Army members Polish children's writers Polish women children's writers Women members of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland 20th-century Polish screenwriters 20th-century Polish women writers Polish women screenwriters 20th-century Polish women politicians {{Poland-writer-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Józef Szczepański
Jan, JaN or JAN may refer to: Acronyms * Jackson, Mississippi (Amtrak station), US, Amtrak station code JAN * Jackson-Evers International Airport, Mississippi, US, IATA code * Jabhat al-Nusra (JaN), a Syrian militant group * Japanese Article Number, a barcode standard compatible with EAN * Japanese Accepted Name, a Japanese nonproprietary drug name * Job Accommodation Network, US, for people with disabilities * '' Joint Army-Navy'', US standards for electronic color codes, etc. * ''Journal of Advanced Nursing'' Personal name * Jan (name), male variant of ''John'', female shortened form of ''Janet'' and ''Janice'' * Jan (Persian name), Persian word meaning 'life', 'soul', 'dear'; also used as a name * Ran (surname), romanized from Mandarin as Jan in Wade–Giles * Ján, Slovak name Other uses * January, as an abbreviation for the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar * Jan (cards) The following is a glossary of terms used in card games. Besides the terms listed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoni Słonimski
Antoni Słonimski (15 November 1895 – 4 July 1976) was a Polish poet, artist, journalist, playwright and prose writer, president of the Union of Polish Writers in 1956–1959 during the Polish October, known for his devotion to social justice. Słonimski was the grandson of Hayyim Selig Slonimski, the founder of " ha-Tsefirah"- the first Hebrew weekly with an emphasis on the sciences. His father, an ophthalmologist, converted to Christianity when he married a Catholic woman. Słonimski was born in Warsaw and baptized and raised as a Christian. Słonimski studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Warsaw. In 1919 he co-founded the '' Skamander'' group of experimental poets with Julian Tuwim Julian Tuwim (13 September 1894 – 27 December 1953), known also under the pseudonym "Oldlen" as a lyricist, was a Polish poet, born in Łódź, then part of the Russian Partition. He was educated in Łódź and in Warsaw where he studied la ... and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz. In 1924 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leon Kruczkowski
Leon Kruczkowski (28 June 1900 – 1 August 1962) was a Polish writer, publicist and public figure. He became a full-time writer, moved back to Kraków and in 1935 wrote the first of his dramas, ''Bohater naszych czasów'' ('Hero of our Times'). It was rewritten three years later as ''Przygoda z Vaterlandem'' ('An Adventure with Vaterland'), both versions notable for their strong critique of Nazism. He also wrote essays published in leftist magazines and newspapers, and political brochures: ''Człowiek i powszedność'' ('Man and Daily Reality', 1936), ''W klimacie dyktatury'' ('In the Climate of Dictatorship', 1938), ''Dlaczego jestem socjalistą?'' ('Why am I a Socialist?', 1938).Kruczkowski Leon WIEM Encyklopedia He wrote two more novels, ''Pawie pióra'' ('Peacock Feathers', 1935) and ''Sidła'' ('A Trap', 1937). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kazimierz Czachowski
Kazimierz Czachowski or Kazimierz Stanisław Czachowski (Łyszkowice near Łowicz, November 28, 1890 – August 17, 1948, Kraków) was a Polish literary critic and historian, active predominantly in the Second Polish Republic. He was awarded the Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature in 1937 for his monographs about world-renowned authors such as Henryk Sienkiewicz, Marcel Proust, Thomas Mann, John Galsworthy and others. He translated into Polish ''The Picture of Dorian Gray'' by Oscar Wilde (1928). He wrote under several different pen names including ''Dionizy'', ''Adam Korabski'' and ''Ludowiec'', and specialized in the literature of Polish ''positivism'' and ''modernism''. Soon before his death in 1948 he got entangled in the workings of pro-communist Polish Writers' Union created in 1944 behind the Soviet front line, and served as its president in 1946–1947. He died in Kraków a year later. Selected publications * ''Jan Kasprowicz. Próba bibljografji'' (1929 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz
Jarosław Leon Iwaszkiewicz, also known under his literary pseudonym Eleuter (20 February 1894 – 2 March 1980), was a Polish writer, poet, essayist, dramatist and translator.Bartłomiej Szleszyński, Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz. 2003 Culture.plJarosław Iwaszkiewicz He is recognized for his literary achievements, beginning with poetry and prose written after World War I. After 1989, he was often presented as a political opportunist during his mature years lived in communist Poland, where he held high offices (participated in the slander of Polish expatriates, literary and other figures who after World War II remained in the West). He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times. In 1988, he was recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations for his role in sheltering Jews during World War II. Biography Iwaszkiewicz was born in Kalnyk in Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine). After the death of his father (an accountant), he and his mot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Julian Przyboś
Julian Przyboś (5 March 1901 – 6 October 1970) was a Polish poet, essayist and translator, one of the most important poets of the Kraków Avant-Garde. Life Przyboś was born in Gwoźnica near Strzyżów to a peasant family. From 1912, he attended the Konarski Secondary School in Rzeszów. A supporter of socialist ideals, in 1920 he volunteered for the Polish Army during the Polish–Soviet War. In 1920–1923 he studied Polish studies at the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. Przyboś worked as a teacher in Sokal (1923–1925), Chrzanów (1925–1927), and Cieszyn (1927–1939). In Cieszyn, he published his works in '' Zaranie Śląskie'' (Silesian Dawn) (1929–1938). He also published in many other magazines before and after World War II. In December 1939 Przyboś relocated to Lviv. In 1941 was he arrested by the Gestapo, the Nazi German secret police. After World War II he became a member of the Polish Workers' Party, and later of the Polish United Workers' Party. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich
The ''Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich'' is a Polish Writers' Association, an organization of Polish writers, poets, playwrights, critics and translators. SPP, established in 1989 is a continuation of the Professional Union of Polish Writers, founded in 1920 on the initiative of Stefan Żeromski which was deactivated during World War II. The foundation of the association was possible due to the historical and political transformations, which took place in 1989 in Poland. The majority of the most prominent and influential writers and former members of the Polish Writers' Union officially joined the organization, which was formed in 1984, and because of the decision of the communist authorities, remained illegal up until 1989. Czesław Miłosz became the first formal member of the new institution. The headquarters of Stowarzyszenie Pisarzy Polskich is located in the House of Literature at Krakowskie Przedmieście 87/89 in Warsaw. At present, the association has got 11 major branches ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissident
A dissident is a person who actively challenges an established political or religious system, doctrine, belief, policy, or institution. In a religious context, the word has been used since the 18th century, and in the political sense since the 20th century, coinciding with the rise of authoritarian governments in countries such as Fascist Italy, Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan, Francoist Spain, the Soviet Union (and later Russia), Saudi Arabia, North Korea, Iran, China, and Turkmenistan. In the Western world, there are historical examples of people who have been considered and have considered themselves dissidents, such as the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza. In totalitarian countries, dissidents are often incarcerated or executed without explicit political accusations, or due to infringements of the very same laws they are opposing, or because they are supporting civil liberties such as freedom of speech. Eastern bloc The term ''dissident'' was used in the Eastern bloc, particular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
