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Polish 16th Infantry Division
The 16th Pomeranian Infantry Division ( pl, 16. Pomorska Dywizja Piechoty) is a military unit of the Polish Army. It was first raised on 16 August 1919 during the Polish uprising, before going on to serve during the subsequent war with the Bolsheviks. At the start of World War II the division fought briefly against the advancing German Army before being destroyed on 19 September 1939 after being surrounded in the Kampinos Forest. The division was raised once more in 1945 following the Soviet takeover of Poland; however, it did not see further action during the war. Afterwards it continued to serve, undergoing a number of changes in name and role. Today, it exists as the 16th Mechanised Division. History Formation The Polish 16th Infantry Division was created on August 16, 1919, during the Greater Poland Uprising under the name of ''4th Pomeranian Rifle Division'' ( pl, 4. Dywizja Strzelców Pomorskich). After the uprising it was officially accepted into the Polish Army and took ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Land Forces
The Land Forces () are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces. They currently contain some 62,000 active personnel and form many components of the European Union and NATO deployments around the world. Poland's recorded military history stretches back a millennium – since the 10th century (see List of Polish wars and History of the Polish Army). Poland's modern army was formed after Poland regained independence following World War I in 1918. History 1918–1938 When Poland regained independence in 1918, it recreated its military which participated in the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1921, and in the two smaller conflicts ( Polish–Ukrainian War (1918–1919) and the Polish–Lithuanian War (1920)). Initially, right after the First World War, Poland had five military districts (1918–1921): * Poznań Military District (Poznański Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Poznań * Kraków Military District (Krakowski Okręg Wojskowy), HQ in Kraków * Łódź Military District (Łód ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Niemen River
The Battle of the Niemen River (sometimes referred to as the Second Battle of Grodno) was the second-greatest battle of the Polish–Soviet War. It took place near the middle Neman River between the cities of Suwałki, Grodno and Białystok. After suffering almost complete defeat in the Battle of Warsaw (1920), Battle of Warsaw (August 1920), Mikhail Tukhachevsky's Red Army forces tried to establish a defensive line, against Józef Piłsudski's counter-attacking Polish Army, running northward from the Polish-Lithuanian border to Polesie, and centering on Grodno. Between September 15 and September 25, 1920, the Poles outflanked the Soviets, once again defeating them. After the mid-October Battle of the Szczara River, the Polish Army had reached the Tarnopol-Dubno-Minsk-Drissa line. Although this part of the conflict is usually referred to as a battle both in Polish and Russian historiography, some historians argue that it was more of a military operation with a series of battles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pułkownik
''Polkovnik'' (russian: полковник, lit=regimentary; pl, pułkownik) is a military rank used mostly in Slavic-speaking countries which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states and oberst in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries. The term originates from an ancient Slavic word for a group of soldiers and folk. However, in Cossack Hetmanate and Sloboda Ukraine, ''polkovnyk'' was an administrative rank similar to a governor. Usually this word is translated as colonel, however the transliteration is also in common usage, for the sake of the historical and social context. ''Polkovnik'' began as a commander of a distinct group of troops (''polk''), arranged for battle. The exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings in different languages, but all descend from the Old Slavonic word ''polk'' (literally: regiment sized unit), and include the following in alphabetical order: # Belarus — # Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
May Coup (Poland)
The May Coup ( pl, przewrót majowy or ) was a coup d'état carried out in Poland by Marshal Józef Piłsudski from 12 to 14 May 1926. The attack of Piłsudski's supporters on government forces resulted in an overthrow of the democratically-elected government of President Stanisław Wojciechowski and Prime Minister Wincenty Witos and caused hundreds of fatalities. A new government was installed, headed by Kazimierz Bartel. Ignacy Mościcki became president. Piłsudski remained the dominant politician in Poland until his death in 1935. Background Józef Piłsudski, who controlled politics in the reestablished Polish state to a considerable degree, had lost his advantage in the aftermath of the failed Kiev Offensive of spring 1920.Andrzej Chwalba, ''Przegrane zwycięstwo. Wojna polsko-bolszewicka 1918–1920'' he Lost Victory: Polish–Bolshevik War 1918–1920 Wydawnictwo Czarne, Wołowiec 2020, , p. 296. He retained high esteem in segments of the armed forces that originated ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chełmno
Chełmno (; older en, Culm; formerly ) is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 18,915 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the seat of the Chełmno County in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. Due to its regional importance in the Middle Ages, the city gave its name to the entire area, Chełmno Land (and later an administrative unit of the Kingdom of Poland, the Chełmno Voivodeship), the local Catholic diocese and Kulm law, which was used to found cities and towns around Poland, including the current capital city of Warsaw. Name The city's name ''Chełmno'' comes from ''chelm'', the old Polish word for hill. After the area was granted to the Teutonic Knights as a Polish fief in 1232, the Germanized name ''Kulm'' was used in official documents regarding the town, as the city was a member of the Hanseatic League and part of the State of the Teutonic Order. Chełmno was annexed by Prussia in the First Partition of Poland in 1772 and, as part of a larger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kartuzy
Kartuzy () ( Kashubian ''Kartuzë'', ''Kartëzë'', or ''Kartuzé''; formerly german: Karthaus) is a town in northern Poland, located in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region. It is the capital of Kartuzy County in Pomeranian Voivodeship. Geographical location Kartuzy is located about west of Gdańsk and south-east of the town of Lębork on a plateau at an altitude of approximately above sea level in the average. The plateau, which is divided by the Radaune lake, comprises the highest parts of the Baltic Sea Plate. In the west of this lake are the highest points of the headwaters of rivers Łeba, Słupia and Bukowina at an altitude of up to . A hill in the south of the lake is high. History Kartuzy was established about 1380 as a monastery for Carthusian monks descending from Prague in the Kingdom of Bohemia, after whom it received its name. The charterhouse was vested with large estates by the State of the Teutonic Order. According to the Second Peace of Tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kościerzyna
Kościerzyna ( Kashubian and Pomeranian: ''Kòscérzëna''; formerly german: Berent, ) is a town in Kashubia in Gdańsk Pomerania region, northern Poland, with some 24,000 inhabitants. It has been the capital of Kościerzyna County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999; previously it was in Gdańsk Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. Geographical location Kościerzyna is in Gdańsk Pomerania, approximately south-west of Gdańsk and Tricity and south-west of Kaliningrad, at a height of above sea level. History The history of the town dates back to the end of the 13th century. The oldest known mention comes from a document from 1284. In 1346 it was granted municipal rights, and in 1398 the settlement obtained the status of a town. The town's name comes from the Old Polish word ''kościerz'', which means "thicket". Kościerzyna was part of medieval Poland, until, in 1310, it was annexed by the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights. After the Second Peace of Thorn (1466), the to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grudziądz
Grudziądz ( la, Graudentum, Graudentium, german: Graudenz) is a city in northern Poland, with 92,552 inhabitants (2021). Located on the Vistula River, it lies within the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the fourth-largest city in its province. The Old Town of Grudziądz and 14th-century granaries were declared National Historic Monuments of Poland. Geographical location Grudziądz is located close to the east shore of the river Vistula, approximately north-east of Świecie, south of Gdańsk and south-west of Kaliningrad. It is located in Chełmno Land. History Early medieval Poland Grudziądz was founded by the Duke of Poland, Bolesław I the Brave of the Piast dynasty. Initially Grudziądz was a defensive stronghold, known as a gord. The fortress and tower were built to protect the Poles from attacks by the Baltic Prussians. Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights The settlement was re-fortified again from 1234 by the Teutonic Order. The erection of the cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toruń
)'' , image_skyline = , image_caption = , image_flag = POL Toruń flag.svg , image_shield = POL Toruń COA.svg , nickname = City of Angels, Gingerbread city, Copernicus Town , pushpin_map = Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship#Poland#Europe , pushpin_relief=1 , pushpin_label_position = top , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship , subdivision_name1 = , leader_title = City mayor , leader_name = Michał Zaleski , established_title = Established , established_date = 8th century , established_title3 = City rights , established_date3 = 1233 , area_total_km2 = 115.75 , population_as_of = 31 December 2021 , population_total = 196,935 (16th) Data for territorial unit 0463000. , population_density_km2 = 1716 , population_metro = 297646 , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST = CEST , utc_offset_DST = +2 , coordinates = , elevation_m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gniew
Gniew (pronounced ; csb, Gméw, or ''Gniéw''; formerly german: Mewe) is a historic town situated on the left bank of the Vistula River, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It has 6,870 inhabitants (2016). It is one of the oldest towns in Polish Pomerania, and is renowned for its medieval brick gothic Castle, which has become the region's most recognizable monument. History The first recorded mentions of Gniew appear in written documents of the first half of the 13th century, which refer to the region as ''Terra Gymeu'' (Gmewan, Gimen, Gymen) in 1229, ''terra Mewe'' in 1250, and terra Gemewe in 1283, terra Mewa. The name ''Gniew'' is of native, Polish origin. The name Wansca (''Wońsk'') was also used. The German name of ''Mewe'' is a Germanized form of the Polish name ''Gmewe''. The town's coat of arms is an example of canting, as it depicts a seagull (German: ''Möwe''), which alludes to the town's Germanized name. Beginning in the 10th century, the region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starogard Gdański
Starogard Gdański (; until 1950: ''Starogard''; csb, Starogarda; formerly german: Preußisch Stargard) is a city in Pomeranian Voivodeship in northern Poland with 48,328 inhabitants (2004). Starogard is the capital of Starogard County. It is also the second biggest city (after Tczew) of the ethnocultural region Kociewie and is populated by Kociewians. Geographical location Starogard Gdański is located in Pomerania on the small river Wierzyca, about south-west of Tczew, south of Gdańsk and north-east of Chojnice. It is from the Tricity ( pl, Trójmiasto) agglomeration on the coast of Gdańsk Bay. Etymology The name ''Starogard'' means "old city" in the Pomeranian language. ''Gdański'' is appended in the 20th century to the name to differentiate it from other places named Starogard. The German name ''Preußisch Stargard'' (Prussian Stargard) is similarly used to disambiguate from other places named Stargard. (''See'' Stargard (other)). History Arc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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